scholarly journals Comparison of Content and Quality of Caribbean, International, and High-Income Country-Specific Clinical Guidelines for Managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 12868
Author(s):  
Amy Latifah Nixon ◽  
Kaushik Chattopadhyay ◽  
Jo Leonardi-Bee
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Guidelines ◽  
Clinical Guideline ◽  
High Income ◽  
Income Country ◽  
High Income Country ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Country Specific

Purpose. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is poorly managed in the Caribbean region; therefore, conducting an assessment on the content and quality of clinical guidelines could assist guideline developers in detecting and addressing information gaps. Hence, this study aimed to benchmark and compare the clinical guidelines for T2DM management from the Caribbean to guidelines developed internationally and by high-income countries. Methods. Seven T2DM management clinical guidelines were a priori selected from international and high-income country-specific clinical guidelines and then compared to the country-specific T2DM management clinical guidelines of the Caribbean region. Two reviewers independently assessed content (using a previously piloted data extraction form) and quality using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) tool. Results. The Caribbean clinical guideline was found to contain similar levels of T2DM management topics when compared to international and high-income country-specific clinical guidelines; however, one country-specific clinical guideline from New Zealand was found to have substantially lower levels of content. The clinical guideline from the Caribbean was found to be of low quality and could not be used in practice; however, only three comparator clinical guidelines were found to be of high quality and could be recommended for use in clinical practice. A further three comparator clinical guidelines could be used in practice with minor modifications. Conclusion. Although the T2DM management clinical guidelines from the Caribbean region contained high levels of content with regards to relevant topics, it was of insufficient quality to be used in clinical practice. Therefore, an alternative high-quality clinical guideline, as identified within this study, should be adopted and used within the Caribbean region to manage T2DM until a high-quality region-specific clinical guideline can be developed.

Vitamin A in Children Hospitalized for Measles in a High-Income Country

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Lo Vecchio ◽  
Maria Donata Cambriglia ◽  
Dario Bruzzese ◽  
Alfredo Guarino
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
High Income ◽  
Income Country ◽  
High Income Country

scholarly journals Stuck in the middle: a systematic review of authorship in collaborative health research in Africa, 2014–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. e001853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany L Hedt-Gauthier ◽  
Herve Momo Jeufack ◽  
Nicholas H Neufeld ◽  
Atalay Alem ◽  
Sara Sauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Health Research ◽  
African Country ◽  
High Income ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Income Country ◽  
High Income Country ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Global Health Research ◽  
The Usa

BackgroundCollaborations are often a cornerstone of global health research. Power dynamics can shape if and how local researchers are included in manuscripts. This article investigates how international collaborations affect the representation of local authors, overall and in first and last author positions, in African health research.MethodsWe extracted papers on ‘health’ in sub-Saharan Africa indexed in PubMed and published between 2014 and 2016. The author’s affiliation was used to classify the individual as from the country of the paper’s focus, from another African country, from Europe, from the USA/Canada or from another locale. Authors classified as from the USA/Canada were further subclassified if the author was from a top US university. In primary analyses, individuals with multiple affiliations were presumed to be from a high-income country if they contained any affiliation from a high-income country. In sensitivity analyses, these individuals were presumed to be from an African country if they contained any affiliation an African country. Differences in paper characteristics and representation of local coauthors are compared by collaborative type using χ² tests.ResultsOf the 7100 articles identified, 68.3% included collaborators from the USA, Canada, Europe and/or another African country. 54.0% of all 43 429 authors and 52.9% of 7100 first authors were from the country of the paper’s focus. Representation dropped if any collaborators were from USA, Canada or Europe with the lowest representation for collaborators from top US universities—for these papers, 41.3% of all authors and 23.0% of first authors were from country of paper’s focus. Local representation was highest with collaborators from another African country. 13.5% of all papers had no local coauthors.DiscussionIndividuals, institutions and funders from high-income countries should challenge persistent power differentials in global health research. South-South collaborations can help African researchers expand technical expertise while maintaining presence on the resulting research.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on the Delivery of Critical Health Care: Experience From a Non–High-Income Country

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 473-475
Author(s):  
Thirunavukarasu Kumanan ◽  
Chrishanthi Rajasooriyar ◽  
Mahesan Guruparan ◽  
Nadarajah Sreeharan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
High Income ◽  
Income Country ◽  
High Income Country ◽  
Care Experience ◽  
Health Care Experience ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Critical Health Care

scholarly journals Regional Network in Marine Science and Technology f for the Caribbean: Know – Why Network

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Corbin ◽  
Antonio Villasol Núñez ◽  
William James Senior ◽  
Arístide Márquez ◽  
Ivis Fermín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Regional Network ◽  
Development Agency ◽  
Regional Project ◽  
The Caribbean

The Marine Sciences and Technologies Regional Project for the Wider Caribbean Region, knownas ”Know Why Network”, came into being as part of the financial support provided by theSwedish Development Agency (SIDA) and is administered and directed by the AMEP subprogramme(Evaluation and Management of Marine Pollution) of the Caribbean EnvironmentalProgramme (CEP). The general aim of this project is the exchange of capacities between countries with theobjectives of implementing the Pollution from Land-based Sources Protocol (LBS) andimproving knowledge about the environmental quality of the marine ecosystems and theirresources in the Wider Caribbean Region (WRC).

scholarly journals China’s Emerging Global Middle Class

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-108
Author(s):  
Björn Gustafsson ◽  
Terry Sicular ◽  
Xiuna Yang
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
High Income ◽  
Income Country ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
High Income Country ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Small Minority ◽  
Chip Data ◽  
Global Middle Class

This chapter examines China’s middle class by using CHIP data for 2002, 2007, and 2013. “Middle class” is defined as having income high enough not to be regarded as poor but not so high as to be regarded as rich if living in a high-income country. Based on this definition, China’s middle class was extremely small in 2002; grew but was still less than 10 percent of the population in 2007; and by 2013 had expanded to one-fifth of China’s population, roughly 250 million people. Further analysis shows that China’s middle class is largely urban, lives in the East, and has other distinctive characteristics. Simulations reveal that past growth of China’s middle class was due to across-the-board, shared income growth rather than a redistribution of income. As of 2020 China’s middle class should double in size, constituting a majority of urban residents but still a small minority of rural residents.

scholarly journals Population-based incidence rate of inpatient and outpatient surgical procedures in a high-income country

2017 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Omling ◽  
A. Jarnheimer ◽  
J. Rose ◽  
J. Björk ◽  
J. G. Meara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Population Based ◽  
High Income ◽  
Income Country ◽  
High Income Country

scholarly journals Public open spaces and physical activity: disparities of resources in Florianópolis

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Sofia Wolker Manta ◽  
Rodrigo Siqueira Reis ◽  
Tânia Rosane Bertoldo Benedetti ◽  
Cassiano Ricardo Rech
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
High Income ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Physical Activity Facilities ◽  
Public Open Spaces

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between sociodemographic characteristics of census tracts and the presence/quality of public open spaces and physical activity facilities. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 643 census tracts in Florianópolis, Brazil, the presence and quality of public open spaces and physical activity facilities were objectively analyzed and the data by census tracts using Geographic Information Systems was treated. Outcomes were analyzed considering the census tracts as having: ≥ 1 public open spaces; ≥ 1 public open spaces with high quality; ≥ 2 physical activity facilities and high-quality physical activity facilities. Sociodemographic characteristics were the independent variables. Logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: Census tracts with a medium-income (OR = 1.8; 95%CI 1.1–3.0) and high-income (OR = 2.4; 95%CI 1.4–4.0), in those with medium (OR = 1.7; 95%CI 1.0–2.7) and high residential density (OR = 2.0; 95%CI 1,2–3.3), and with higher proportions of older adults (OR = 3.3; 95%CI 1.9–5.7) had a higher proportion of public open spaces. Census tracts with higher proportions of children/adolescents (OR = 0.3; 95%CI 0.2–0.6) and non-white residents (OR= 0.6; 95%CI 0.3–0.9) were less likely to contain public open spaces. The tracts with medium (OR = 4.0; 95%CI 1.4–11.3) and high-income (OR = 3.6; 95%CI 1.2–10.2) were more likely to contain public open spaces with ≥ 2 structures for physical activity, compared with those with low-income. We observed the inverse in sectors with a high proportion of non-white residents (OR = 0.3; 95%CI 0.1–0.9). CONCLUSIONS: Census tracts with higher proportions of children or adolescents, non-white individuals and those in the low-income strata had lower odds of containing public open spaces and physical activity facilities.

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