The Sagittal Integral Morphotype in Male and Female Rowers

The goal of this study was to describe the integrated spinal assessment of the sagittal morphotype in rowers to determine whether the intense practice of rowing causes a modification of the sagittal curvatures of the spine, its relationship with the rowing technique, and training background. The second goal was to analyse how the dorsal and lumbar curves behave in the three phases of the rowing gesture, and to determine which phases can be detrimental to the correct development of the spine during growth. We analysed the spine curvatures in the sagittal plane of 29 females and 82 males, which were measured with an inclinometer in standing, slump sitting, maximal trunk flexion and during rowing performance. The average value of thoracic kyphosis in the rowers was 30° (mean, 30 + 8.27°). Thoracic hyperkyphosis was found in only two rowers (1.8%). Lumbar lordosis was within normal range in 84.1% of the males (mean, 27 + 9.57°) and 75.9% of female rowers (mean, 33°). Functional thoracic hyperkyphosis was observed in 57.4% of the males and 17.1% of the females. Functional lumbar hyperkyphosis was observed in 28 of the 69 males (40.5%) and five of 22 females (17.2%). Rowing seems to provide adequate spine alignment in the sagittal plane on standing. The integrated spinal assessment of the sagittal morphotype showed that half or our rowers presented with functional thoracic hyperkyphosis, and 43.2% presented with functional lumbar hyperkyphosis. Spine behaviour during the rowing technique shows that the thoracic kyphosis (98.2%) and lumbar spine (91%) perform within normative ranges and could explain the adequate positioning of the spine in the sagittal plane on standing. Years of rowing training tend to reduce thoracic kyphosis in males.

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Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: sagital plane and low density pedicle screws

Coluna/Columna ◽

10.1590/s1808-18512014130100210 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 13-15

Author(s):

Rodrigo Augusto do Amaral ◽

Robert Meves ◽

Maria Fernanda Silber Caffaro ◽

Ricardo Shigueaki Galhego Umeta ◽

Luciano Antônio Nassar Pelegrino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Records ◽

Lumbar Lordosis ◽

Thoracic Kyphosis ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Pedicle Screws ◽

Low Density ◽

Kyphosis Correction ◽

Pearson Coefficient ◽

Analysis Of Dispersion

OBJECTIVE: To examine the sagittal curves of patients treated with CD instrumentation using exclusively pedicle screws. METHODS: Image analysis of medical records of 27 patients (26 M and 1 F) with a minimum follow-up of 6 months, who underwent surgical treatment in our service between January 2005 and December 2010. The curves were evaluated on coronal and sagittal planes, taking into account the potential correction of the technique. RESULTS: In the coronal plan the following curves were evaluated: proximal thoracic (TPx), main thoracic (TPp), and thoracolumbar; lumbar (TL, L), and the average flexibility was 52%, 52%, and 92% and the capacity of correction was 51%, 72%, and 64%, respectively. In the sagittal plane there was a mean increase in thoracic kyphosis (CT) of 41% and an average reduction of lumbar lordosis (LL) of 17%. Correlation analysis between variables showed Pearson coefficient of correlation of 0.053 and analysis of dispersion of R2 = <0.001. CONCLUSION: The method has shown satisfactory results with maintenance of kyphosis correction in patients with normal and hyper kyphotic deformities.

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Dynamics of Schoolchildren`s Spine Sagittal Curves, Parameters of Cardiovascular System and their Coherence

Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences ◽

10.33607/bjshs.v2i73.440 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (73) ◽

Author(s):

Vilma Mauricienė ◽

Arūnas Emeljanovas ◽

Kristina Bačiulienė ◽

Algė Daunoravičienė

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular System ◽

Lumbar Lordosis ◽

Thoracic Kyphosis ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Activity Level ◽

Age Changes ◽

System Parameters ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Significant Difference

Objective. We aimed to investigate the peculiarities of cardiovascular system parameters and changes in spine sagittal curves with age in schoolchildren and also possible interrelation between parameters in those two systems. Material and methods. 124 schoolchildren (aged 7—18 years) were divided into three groups according to their age. For evaluation of cardiovascular system the bicycle ergometry test with modified Bruce protocol was performed and computerized functional test analysis system “Kaunas — Load” was used. Load, arterial blood pressure, ECG in 12 standard derivations were synchronously recorded at every step. Evaluation of spine sagittal plane was performed using flexible ruler-cirtometer. Angular values of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis were measured. Results. Parameters of sagittal spine had few differences according to gender and age. Changes in sagittal plane curves with age were greater in boys than in girls. In the group of boys the expression of both sagittal curves had decreasing tendencies with age. Changes in girls’ sagittal curves were inconsistent with age. However, we found many significant differences in the parameters of cardiovascular system’s depending on gender and age. Different correlations between spinal sagittal curves and cardiovascular parameters according to gender and age could beassociated with different state in musculoskeletal system and development, different physical activity level and manyother factors, which vary among girls and boys and also changes with age. Conclusions. There was no significant difference of lumbar lordosis according to gender in all age groups. The thoracic kyphosis had significant different expression only among boys and girls in 7—10 years age group. We found significant difference of such cardiovascular system parameters as index of health, maximal power, pressure rate index, half recovery period of heart rate and change of double product according to gender. Thoracic kyphosis had more correlations with cardiovascular system parameters than lumbar lordosis. Blood pressure reactions had more correlations with spine sagittal curves in older girls and younger boys.Keywords: sagittal spine curves, cardiovascular system, lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis.

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RESULTS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF INFANTILE AND JUVENILE SCOLIOSIS USING VARIOUS INSTRUMENTATION

Bulletin of Siberian Medicine ◽

10.20538/1682-0363-2015-1-51-59 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 51-59

Author(s):

M. V. Mikhailovsky ◽

V. A. Suzdalov ◽

D. N. Dolotin ◽

I. G. Udalova

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

Lumbar Lordosis ◽

Thoracic Kyphosis ◽

Scoliotic Curve ◽

Average Value ◽

Group I ◽

Juvenile Scoliosis ◽

Congenital Kyphosis ◽

Group Ii

Introduction. The analysis Results of surgical treatment of growing children with infantile and juvenile scoliosis (IS) can the optimal method of treatment select. In young children with significant growth potential spinal fusion may not be the best option as it limits further longitudinal growth of the spine and may to the thoracic insufficiency syndrome result. To address this problem recently several techniques focused, their have advantages and drawbacks.Material and methods. Since 2008 year 127 patients (64 girls, 63 boys) aged (4.5 ± 2.1) years were operated on. In group I 65 patients were operated on using VEPTR (Vertical Expandable Prosthetic Titanium Rib) instrumentation, in group II 42 patients using various spinal instrumentation. 20 patients with congenital kyphosis were excluded. The average follow-up time was (5.6 ± 1.1) years.Results. In group I average value of the primary scoliotic curve before surgery was (74.7 ± 22.9), secondary curve (42.8 ± 16.0), thoracic kyphosis (46.3 ± 27.4), lumbar lordosis (54.6 ± 14). Average value of the primary scoliotic curve after surgery was reduced to (51 ± 20) (correction 31.7%), at followup to (56.5 ± 18.5), secondary curve (31.8 ± 12.8) (25.7%), at follow-up to (32.4 ± 18.4), thoracic kyphosis (36.8 ± 20.8) (20,5%), at follow-up to (41.8 ± 21.0), lumbar lordosis (45.4 ± 12.7) (16,9%), at follow-up to (48.2 ± 11.7) (p < 0.05). Space available for lung before surgery was (84.5 ± 8.7) %, after surgery was (94.8 ± 6.7)%, at follow-up increased to (98.6 ± 5.4) % (p < 0.05). Complications included 11 implant dislocations and 1 infection. In group II average value of the primary scoliotic curve before surgery was (87.6 ± 6.6), secondary curve (47.8 ± 4.6), thoracic kyphosis (61.4 ± 10.4), lumbar lordosis (61.8 ± 4.9). Average value of the primary scoliotic curve after surgery was reduced to 50.6 ± 5.3 (correction 42.3%), at follow-up to (66.1 ± 6.3), secondary curve (24.1 ± 2.9) (49.6%), at follow-up to (37 ± 5.4), thoracic kyphosis (38.8 ± 7.7) (36.8%), at follow-up to (59.4 ± 11.2), lumbar lordosis (47.5 ± 4.1) (23.2%), at follow-up to (64.5 ± 4.5) (p < 0.05). Complications included 23 implant dislocations and 1 infection. No neurological complications.Conclusion. Stage correction fusions using various instrumentation is a method of choice for controlled correction of growing children with IS.

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Sagittal imbalance of the spine is associated with poor sitting posture among primary and secondary school students in China: A cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-558657/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Li Chaoqun ◽

Zhao Yuqi ◽

Yu Zhenghui ◽

Han Xu ◽

Wen Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary School ◽

Lumbar Lordosis ◽

Secondary School Students ◽

Thoracic Kyphosis ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Spinal Injury ◽

Assessment System ◽

Sagittal Imbalance ◽

School Students ◽

Sitting Posture

Abstract Background There's no definite answer as to how writing posture affects students' spine. This study attempted to compare the sagittal curvature of the spine between sitting and standing postures in adolescents. To reveal the variation rule of spinal sagittal curvature of students with learning posture, and to discover the key factors that may affect students' spinal health. Methods 1138 participants (male, 604; female, 534; age range, 6–18 y) from three schools in Tianjin, China, including 570 primary school students and 568 secondary school students. This study used SpineScan and PA200 Station Posture Assessment System to assess the sagittal curvature of the spine for three postures: sitting on a chair in an upright position, seated at a desk while reading/writing, and standing in a natural relaxed position. Analyze the difference of the spine angle of the three postures and the correlation between the sagittal plane angle of the spine and body posture. Results When some teenagers sat reading/writing, the sagittal angle of the spine markedly changed, with the lumbar lordosis angle significantly decreased (p < 0.05) and the thoracic kyphosis angle significantly increased (p < 0.05). These angles interact with each other and were positively correlated with the height of the teenager (R2 = 0.179; p < 0.05). By contrast, teenagers with lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis angles within standard references ranges in a seated reading/writing posture also had good spine shape while standing. Conclusions Compared with standing posture, the angle of thoracic kyphosis gradually increases from upright sitting to reading/writing., Lumbar lordosis significantly decreasing or even disappearing, and the flexion of whole spine will increase the risk of spinal injury. Height is an important factor affecting the shape of students' sitting spine.

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Does vertebral level of pedicle subtraction osteotomy correlate with degree of spinopelvic parameter correction?

Journal of Neurosurgery Spine ◽

10.3171/2010.9.spine10129 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 184-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Virginie Lafage ◽

Frank Schwab ◽

Shaleen Vira ◽

Robert Hart ◽

Douglas Burton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lumbar Lordosis ◽

Thoracic Kyphosis ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy ◽

Sacral Slope ◽

Spinopelvic Parameters ◽

Sagittal Vertical Axis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Spinopelvic Parameter ◽

Spinal Imbalance

Object Pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) is a spinal realignment technique that may be used to correct sagittal spinal imbalance. Theoretically, the level and degree of resection via a PSO should impact the degree of sagittal plane correction in the setting of deformity. However, the quantitative effect of PSO level and focal angular change on postoperative spinopelvic parameters has not been well described. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the level/degree of PSO and changes in global sagittal balance and spinopelvic parameters. Methods In this multicenter retrospective study, 70 patients (54 women and 16 men) underwent lumbar PSO surgery for spinal imbalance. Preoperative and postoperative free-standing sagittal radiographs were obtained and analyzed by regional curves (lumbar, thoracic, and thoracolumbar), pelvic parameters (pelvic incidence and pelvic tilt [PT]) and global balance (sagittal vertical axis [SVA] and T-1 spinopelvic inclination). Correlations between PSO parameters (level and degree of change in angle between the 2 adjacent vertebrae) and spinopelvic measurements were analyzed. Results Pedicle subtraction osteotomy distribution by level and degree of correction was as follows: L-1 (6 patients, 24°), L-2 (15 patients, 24°), L-3 (29 patients, 25°), and L-4 (20 patients, 22°). There was no significant difference in the focal correction achieved by PSO by level. All patients demonstrated changes in preoperative to postoperative parameters including increased lumbar lordosis (from 20° to 49°, p < 0.001), increased thoracic kyphosis (from 30° to 38°, p < 0.001), decreased SVA and T-1 spinopelvic inclination (from 122 to 34 mm, p < 0.001 and from +3° to −4°, p < 0.001, respectively), and decreased PT (from 31° to 23°, p < 0.001). More caudal PSO was correlated with greater PT reduction (r = −0.410, p < 0.05). No correlation was found between SVA correction and PSO location. The PSO degree was correlated with change in thoracic kyphosis (r = −0.474, p < 0.001), lumbar lordosis (r = 0.667, p < 0.001), sacral slope (r = 0.426, p < 0.001), and PT (r = −0.358, p < 0.005). Conclusions The degree of PSO resection correlates more with spinopelvic parameters (lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, PT, and sacral slope) than PSO level. More importantly, PSO level impacts postoperative PT correction but not SVA.

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Postural analysis in female Bharatanatyam dancers: a cross-sectional study

Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy ◽

10.1186/s43161-021-00042-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vrushali P. Panhale ◽

Prachita P. Walankar ◽

Aishwarya Sridhar

Keyword(s):

Lumbar Lordosis ◽

Thoracic Kyphosis ◽

Pelvic Tilt ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Body ◽

Cervical Lordosis ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background Gaining proficiency in Bharatanatyam dance form necessitates maintenance of different postures for prolonged duration. These repetitive movements place tremendous physical demands on the body at young age and may alter the postural profile of the dancer. The study aimed to evaluate the differences in terms of posture between female Bharatanatyam dancers and age-matched non-dancers. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 40 female Bharatanatyam dancers and 40 age-matched female non-dancers in the age group of 18 to 30 years. Analysis of erect standing posture of dancers and non-dancers was conducted in a reserved environment using a photogrammetric method. Static photographs of the subjects were taken in the sagittal plane. The measurement of the angles of the digitized photographs was performed using KINOVEA 0.8.15 software. Head protrusion angle, cervical lordosis angle, thoracic kyphosis angle, lumbar lordosis angle, and pelvic tilt angle were evaluated. Results There was no significant difference between the dancers and non-dancers with respect to head protrusion angle (p = 0.081), cervical lordosis (p = 0.15), and thoracic kyphosis (p = 0.33). Significant differences were identified between the dancers and non-dancers for lumbar lordosis (p = 0.00) and pelvic tilt (p = 0.00) using independent t test with dancers. Higher values of lumbar lordosis and pelvic tilt were observed in dancers. Conclusion Increased lumbar lordosis and anterior pelvic tilt were observed in Bharatanatyam dancers as compared to non-dancers. Hence, it is vital to establish preventive measures like postural re-education, muscular balance, and flexibility to prevent erroneous postural patterns capable of causing pain and injuries.

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Spinal curvatures of yoga practitioners compared to control participants—a cross-sectional study

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.12185 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e12185

Author(s):

Małgorzata Grabara

Keyword(s):

Body Mass ◽

Lumbar Lordosis ◽

Thoracic Kyphosis ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Body Height ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Spinal Curvatures ◽

Yoga Practitioners

Purpose The angles of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis determine the spinal alignment in the sagittal plane. The aim of this study was to compare the thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis of male and female yoga practitioners with non-practicing participants and to determine the possible dependencies between sagittal spinal curvatures and somatic parameters, time spent on yoga exercise, and undertaking other physical activities in yoga practitioners. Methods The study involved 576 women and 91 men ages 18–68 years (mean = 38.5 ± 9) who were practicing yoga, and 402 women and 176 men ages 18–30 years (mean = 20.2 ± 1.3) as a control group. The angles of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis were measured using a Plurimeter-V gravity inclinometer. Results The two-way ANOVA demonstrated the influence of group (p < .0001) and sex (p = .03) on the angle of thoracic kyphosis, as well as the influence of group (p < .0001) and sex (p < .0001) on the angle of lumbar lordosis. It was noted that yoga practitioners had less pronounced thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis and were more often characterized by normal or smaller thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis than students from the control group. In yoga practitioners, the angle of thoracic kyphosis was positively correlated with age, body mass, BMI, and undertaking other forms of physical activity. The angle of lumbar lordosis was negatively correlated with body height and body mass. Conclusions The results suggest that yoga exercises can affect the shape of the anterior-posterior curves of the spine and may be an efficient training method for shaping proper posture in adults.

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THE POSTURE OF THE TRUNK IN THE SAGITTAL PLANE AND THE SHAPE OF FEET IN OLDER WOMEN WITH NORMAL AND EXCESSIVE BODY WEIGHT

Acta kinesiologica ◽

10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.2.13 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 98-105

Author(s):

Katarzyna Wódka ◽

Eliza Smoła ◽

Marta Bibro ◽

Małgorzata Łaczek-Wójtowicz ◽

Agnieszka Jankowicz-Szymańska

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Older Women ◽

Lumbar Lordosis ◽

Thoracic Kyphosis ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

The Body ◽

Excess Body Weight ◽

Trunk Inclination ◽

Transverse Arch ◽

Excessive Body Weight

The aim of this study has been to determine the relationship between the shape of the thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis and sagittal trunk inclination, and the longitudinal and transverse arches of the feet, the position of the hallux and the fifth toe in women with normal and excessive body weight. Material and methods: Eighty nine women aged from 57 to 84 were studied. The shape of the spine was examined using the Zebris pointer ultrasound system, and the shape of feet was evaluated with a podoscope with a 3D scanner. The data analysis was performed using the Statistica v13 software, frequency tables, descriptive statistics, the Kruskal-Wallis test, the post hoc Tukey test, and Spearman’s rank-order correlations coefficient. Obesity has been reported to increase thoracic kyphosis, increase the forward lean of the trunk and flatten the longitudinal arch of the feet. It was found that there is a relationship between the forward lean of the body and the reduction in the longitudinal and transverse arch of the feet and the valgus position of the hallux, and between the degree of thoracic kyphosis and the valgus position of the hallux. Excess body weight, to a greater extent than age, influences the position of the trunk and the shape of feet in older women. A feature of the body posture that is characteristic of older women is the progression of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis, the forward lean of the body and the lowering of the arch of the feet.

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Non-invasive postural assessment of the spine in the sagittal plane: a systematic review

Motricidade ◽

10.6063/motricidade.6470 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 140 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Juliana Adami Sedrez ◽

Cláudia Tarragô Candotti ◽

Tássia Silveira Furlanetto ◽

Jefferson Fagundes Loss

Keyword(s):

Concurrent Validity ◽

Lumbar Lordosis ◽

Thoracic Kyphosis ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Quality Criterion ◽

Data Bases ◽

Non Invasive ◽

First Choice ◽

Postural Assessment

The objective of this review was to examine the scientific evidence regarding the aspects of validation in non-invasive methods of assessing the spine in the sagittal plane. A systematic search was conducted in following data bases Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed and Medline. To be included the papers must have: conducted a non-invasive assessment of thoracic kyphosis and/or lumbar lordosis; evaluated at least one aspect of validity; been written in English; and been published in the previously three decades. Papers that score less than three in the QUADAS scale were excluded. Initially, 70 articles were pre-selected. Of this, 52 were finally included as they met the quality criterion. Based on this review, the following techniques/instruments were found to present satisfactory results for all aspects of validity in the assessment of thoracic kyphosis: photogrammetry, flexible ruler, archometer, and DeBrunner’skyphometer. Similarly, photogrammetry, inclinometer, flexible ruler, archometer and kypholordometer were found to present satisfactory results in the assessment of lumbar lordosis. Therefore, it is suggested that these instruments be adopted as first choice for evaluating the spine in the sagittal plane, since they present adequate reproducibility and concurrent validity.

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Evaluation of the prevalence of sagittal plane changes in the spine of elementary students in the city of Ceres, Brazil

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i13.19362 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (13) ◽

pp. e362101319362

Author(s):

Sheila Oliveira Feitosa ◽

Dhecyeny Alves Ferreira ◽

Daise Fernanda Santos Souza Escobar ◽

Priscilla Rayanne e Silva Noll ◽

Matias Noll

Keyword(s):

Elementary Students ◽

Lumbar Lordosis ◽

Thoracic Kyphosis ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

The Body ◽

Male Students ◽

Scanning System ◽

9Th Grade ◽

Postural Changes

Background: Adolescence is the period when postural changes occur, as it is a phase when the body develops and grows. It is also the most appropriate time to evaluate and detect postural problems, and preventive measures may help to avoid these possible changes. However, studies evaluating the postural changes in this age group are lacking. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis changes in the spine of 9th grade students at a state military school in Goiás, Brazil. Methods: A total of 113 students (54 boys and 59 girls) participated in the study. A radiation-free three-dimensional scanning system was used to evaluate the students’ spine. The equipment emits a light on the participants’ back and uses its topography to automatically calculate asymmetries. Results: The prevalence of increased thoracic kyphosis was 14%, increased lumbar lordosis 2% and 72% straightening of the curvature of the lumbar lordosis. Thoracic kyphosis was reported by 9% of male students and 19% of female students. Students of both sexes had increased lumbar lordosis (2%). Females had a higher prevalence of rectified lumbar lordosis (59%) than males (11%). Conclusion: The prevalence of postural changes, especially lumbar lordosis, was very high in the elementary students.

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