scholarly journals A Golf Course Quality Scale (GCQS): Validity and Reliability Testing on Spanish Golf Courses

Author(s):  
Francisco Cavas-García ◽  
Alfonso Martínez-Moreno ◽  
José María López-Gullón ◽  
Arturo Díaz-Suárez

The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties, in terms of validity and reproducibility, of the Golf Course Quality Scale (GCQS) in the Spanish golf course context. The GCQS is a scale that measures the quality of a golf course perceived by its users. It is comprised of 22 five-point Likert scale items, ranging from 1 (disagree) to 5 (totally agree). The items were grouped into five dimensions: services, etiquette, facilities, golf courses, and staff. A translated and adapted version of the Australian CQS questionnaire was administered to a total of 401 federated golf players in the Region of Murcia (RM). The margin of error was 4.9% with a confidence level of 95%. Of the total sample, 88.5% were men and 11.5% were women. The participants were between the ages of 18 and 80 (M = 54.1, SD = 14.3). Following an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to determine the suitability of the proposed items and the factorial structure of the scale, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed using structural equations under the maximum likelihood extraction method. This assessed the fit of the model and its internal consistency, with values above 0.79. In conclusion, the validity and reliability of this psychometric scale for the purposes of evaluating the quality of golf courses perceived by their users have been verified. The results confirm that the scale is a useful tool for golf course research and management.

Retos ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 687-693
Author(s):  
António Carlos Rodrigues Sampaio ◽  
Nuno Pimenta ◽  
Mafalda Machado ◽  
Pedro Teques

Abstract. The purpose of the present research was to develop and provide initial validation of the Fitness Coaching Behavior Scale (FCBS-Fit) designed for assessing perceived the quality of instructor’s behaviors in fitness group classes through the theoretical adaptation to the Coaching Model (Côté et al., 1995), originally derived from sports. In total, 618 participants of fitness group classes accepted to participate in this investigation. The purpose of the research was achieved in three phases: (1) development of the item pool and content validation of the preliminary version of the FCBS-Fit (27 items); preliminary examination of the factorial structure through exploratory factor analysis (n1 = 185) that revealed a scale with 20 items distributed by 4 factors: Technical and Positive Rapport, Exercise Planning and Prescription, Negative Rapport, and Goal Setting; (2) confirmatory factor analysis to the 4-factor model indicated adequate fit model fit, reliability and convergent and discriminant validity. In addition, a multi-group CFA indicated measurement invariance of the factorial structure across samples (n2 = 210); (3) structural equation model examined criterion validity through analysis of the relationships between the 4-factors of EPCI-Fit and enjoyment in exercise (n3 = 223). Psychometric evidence suggests that the FCBS could be used as a reliable and valid measure to assess Portuguese participant`s perceptions of the quality of instructor’s behaviors in fitness group classes.Resumen. El propósito del presente estudio fue desarrollar y validar preliminarmente la Escala de Percepción del Comportamiento del Instructor de Fitness (EPCI-Fit) cuyo objetivo es evaluar la calidad de los comportamientos de los instructores de fitness en clases de grupo, a través de la adaptación teórica al Coaching Model (Côté et al., 1995), original del entrenamiento deportivo. En total, participaran 618 practicantes de fitness en clases de grupo de diversas áreas del litoral de Portugal continental. El propósito del estudio fue alcanzado en tres fases: (1) desarrollo del banco de ítems y validación inicial del contenido de la versión inicial de EPCI-Fit (27 ítems); la evaluación preliminar de la estructura factorial a través de análisis factorial exploratorio (n1 = 185) que resultó en una escala con 20 ítems distribuidos por 4 factores - Feedback técnico positivo, Feedback negativo, Formulación de objetivos, y Planificación y prescripción del ejercicio; (2) estimación del ajuste del modelo de 4-factores a través de análisis factorial confirmatorio, y análisis a la fiabilidad compuesta, y validez convergente y discriminante (n2 = 210); evaluación de la invariancia métrica del modelo de 4-factores en dos muestras independientes (n1 = 185; n2 = 210); y (3) estimación de la validez de criterio a través del análisis a las relaciones entre los 4-factores de la EPCI-Fit y el disfrute en la práctica de ejercicio (n3 = 223). En general, los resultados provenientes de las diferentes fases de análisis psicométrico a EPCI-Fit soportan la validez y la fiabilidad de los datos, indicando que esta escala podrá ser utilizada en el futuro para evaluar las percepciones de la calidad del comportamiento del instructor de fitness en clases de grupo. Resumo. O propósito do presente estudo foi desenvolver e validar preliminarmente a Escala de Perceção do Comportamento do Instrutor de Fitness (EPCI-Fit) cujo objetivo é avaliar a qualidade dos comportamentos dos instrutores de fitness em aulas de grupo, através da adaptação teórica ao Coaching Model (Côté et al., 1995), original do treino desportivo. No total, participaram 618 praticantes de fitness em aulas de grupo de várias zonas de Portugal continental. O propósito do estudo foi alcançado em três fases: (1) desenvolvimento da pool de itens e validação inicial do conteúdo da versão inicial da EPCI-Fit (27 itens); avaliação preliminar da estrutura fatorial através de análise fatorial exploratória (n1 = 185) que resultou numa escala com 20 itens distribuídos por 4 fatores – Feedback técnico positivo, Feedback negativo, Formulação de objetivos, e Planificação e prescrição do exercício; (2) estimação do ajustamento do modelo de 4-fatores através de analise fatorial confirmatória, e análise à fiabilidade compósita, e validade convergente e discriminante (n2 = 210); avaliação da invariância métrica do modelo de 4-fatores em duas amostras independentes (n1 = 185; n2 = 210); e (3) examinação da validade de critério através da análise às relações entre os 4-fatores da EPCI-Fit e o divertimento na prática de exercício (n3 = 223). No geral, os resultados oriundos das diferentes fases de análise psicométrica à EPCI-Fit suportam a validade e a fiabilidade dos dados, indicando que esta escala poderá ser utilizada futuramente para avaliar as perceções da qualidade do comportamento do instrutor de fitness em aulas de grupo.


Author(s):  
Anna Balcells-Balcells ◽  
Joana M. Mas ◽  
Natasha Baqués ◽  
Cecilia Simón ◽  
Simón García-Ventura

Background: Family quality of life (FQoL), just like individual quality of life, has become a priority outcome in the policies and services received by persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and their families. Conceptualizing, measuring, and theorizing FQoL has been the object of investigation in recent decades. The goal of this paper is to present a revision of the Spanish Family Quality of Life Scales, the CdVF-E < 18 and the CdVF-E >18, and describe the FQoL of Spanish families with a member with IDD. Methods: The sample included a total of 548 families with a member under 18 years old and 657 families with a member over 18. Based on an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) firstly and a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) secondly, the two scales’ psychometric properties were explored. Results: The CdVF-ER < 18 and the CdVF-ER > 18 comprise 5 dimensions, containing 35 and 32 items, respectively, and they show good validity and reliability. The families obtained a high FQoL score, although some differences exist between the dimensions on which families with children under and over 18 score highest and lowest. Conclusion: The characteristics of the revised scales facilitate their use by professionals, administrations, and services.


Author(s):  
Rudy de Barros Ahrens ◽  
Luciana da Silva Lirani ◽  
Antonio Carlos de Francisco

The purpose of this study was to validate the construct and reliability of an instrument to assess the work environment as a single tool based on quality of life (QL), quality of work life (QWL), and organizational climate (OC). The methodology tested the construct validity through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and reliability through Cronbach’s alpha. The EFA returned a Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) value of 0.917; which demonstrated that the data were adequate for the factor analysis; and a significant Bartlett’s test of sphericity (χ² = 7465.349; Df = 1225; p ≤ 0.000). After the EFA; the varimax rotation method was employed for a factor through commonality analysis; reducing the 14 initial factors to 10. Only question 30 presented commonality lower than 0.5; and the other questions returned values higher than 0.5 in the commonality analysis. Regarding the reliability of the instrument; all of the questions presented reliability as the values varied between 0.953 and 0.956. Thus; the instrument demonstrated construct validity and reliability


2020 ◽  
pp. 373-389
Author(s):  
Isidora Ljumovic ◽  
Krsto Jaksic

The research on the perception of the quality of services is of crucial importance for the growth and development of service companies. However, the problem arises in the analysis and measurement of the level of quality of services, bearing in mind their intangibility, simultaneous production and consumption and homogeneity. This paper examines the perception of service quality of banks in northern Kosovo and Metohija, in respect to the specificities of the region. The survey was conducted using a questionnaire based on original SERVQUAL model that contains 22 questions grouped in five dimensions. To identify additional indicators of quality perception, we have expanded the basic model and added additional questions related to the price and the availability of financial resources. The average result on the perception of the quality of banking services was between 3.72 and 5.61, similar to results obtained in the region, using same methodology. The results show that the lowest assessed dimensions are empathy, availability and price of banking services, while tangibles are the ones customers are satisfied the most. To confirm that the added questions relate to the defined quality dimensions and to identify the factors that are most suitable in explaining the level of satisfaction with banking services, we have conducted factor analysis. Factor analysis results reduced the number of dimensions to six but showed that added questions were grouped around the dimensions that were added - prices and availability of financial resources.


2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akbar Iskandar

Abstrak Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat kualitas butir instrument tes dan non tes berdasarkan tingkat validitas konstruk dan reliabilitas. Jenis penelitian ini masuk dalam kategori pengembangan instrument yang biasa disebut dengan R &amp; D. Penelitian ini merupakan bentuk simulasi terhadap instrument yang telah dikembangkan sebelumnya yaitu tahun 2016 dan 2017 yang berjalan selama 4 bulan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis kuantitatif dimana yang dimaksud adalah Confirmatory Faktor Analisys (CFA) dengan bantuan software LISREL. Hasil analisis dalam simulasi ini ditemukan bahwa butir instrument yang dikembangkan memenuhi criteria valid secara konstruk dan reliabel baik untuk instrument tes maupun non tes.Kata kunci: lisrel, amos, SEM, instrument, tes, non tes, pengukuran, penilaian, evaluasi, spssAbstractThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the level of grain quality of test and non test instruments based on the level of construct validity and reliability. This type of research belongs to the category of instrument development commonly referred to as R &amp; D. This research is a form of simulation of the instrument that has been developed previously ie 2016 and 2017 which runs for 4 months. Data analysis technique used is quantitative analysis technique which is Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with the help of LISREL software. The results of the analysis in this simulation found that the developed instrument items meet the criteria valid construct and reliability for instrument test and non test instruments.Keywords: lisrel, amos, SEM, instrument, test, non test, measurement, assessment, evaluation, spss


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-184
Author(s):  
Rahmat Saleh ◽  
Lili Dahliani ◽  
Rifa Rusiva

PT Perkebunan Nusantara VIII is a state-owned plantation engaged in the Agribusiness and Agro-Industry sectors.. The budget preparation process that involves subordinates can improve the performance of subordinates in achieving budget targets. Participatory budgets can be carried out to achieve budget targets by negotiating between superiors and subordinates. In addition to being measured by employees and the cultural linkages attached to them, organizational success can also be seen from the overall performance of the organization. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of budgetary participation and organizational culture on managerial performance. The total population of this study was 23 PTPN VIII tea gardens in West Java. Respondents in this study were garden managers, assistant heads, assistants, and large foremen of PTPN VIII (Persero) who were involved in the participation process (proposing and or implementing) the budget with a total sample of 63 respondents selected through purposive sampling. testing the quality of the data used is the validity and reliability of the data. The classical assumptions used are normality test, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity test. Model analysis uses multiple linear regression is used to analyze data with the help of the SPSS.23.0 program. The results showed that budget participation had a significant effect on managerial performance and organizational culture had a significant effect on managerial performance.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 205031211879459
Author(s):  
Son Chae Kim ◽  
Chase Pedersen ◽  
Cassia Yi

Background: Sleep disturbance is common among hospitalized patients. However, sleep promotion is not a high priority for most healthcare providers, which potentially impacts quality of care. Due to a paucity of validated tools to assess sleep promotion, little is known about the relationship between sleep promotion and quality of care. This study was conducted to assess the validity and reliability of a newly-developed instrument, the Sleep Promotion Questionnaire, and to examine sleep promotion as a predictor of quality of care. The Sleep Promotion Questionnaire includes dimensions of attitude, control, unit norms, intention, and behavior that are associated with sleep promotion. Methods: A total of 302 nurses participated in an online survey. The survey included the initial 36-item Sleep Promotion Questionnaire, a quality of care question, Caring Behavior Inventory, and Professional Quality of Life scale. An exploratory factor analysis was performed to determine the factor structure of the Sleep Promotion Questionnaire. The internal consistency reliability as well as the convergent and divergent validities was assessed. Pearson’s correlations and hierarchical multiple regression procedures were performed to explore the predictors of perceived quality of care. Results: Exploratory factor analysis of the Sleep Promotion Questionnaire yielded 28 items in five subscales, comprising Attitude, Control, Unit Norms, Sleep-aid Intention, and Behavior. Convergent and divergent validities were supported ( r = 0.37; r = −0.38, respectively). The Cronbach’s alphas of internal consistency reliabilities of the Sleep Promotion Questionnaire subscales ranged from 0.70 to 0.89. Regression models showed that sleep-promoting Unit Norms was the only significant predictor of perceived quality of care among both ICU and non-ICU nurses ( β = 0.40; β = 0.28, respectively). Conclusion: The Sleep Promotion Questionnaire appears to be a reliable and valid instrument with satisfactory psychometric properties for assessing sleep promotion, and it seems that having unit norms conducive to sleep promotion may positively impact the quality of care. However, further studies are needed to confirm these results.


2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bahri ◽  
C. Basset ◽  
F. Queslati ◽  
F. Brissaud

In Tunisia, golf courses are irrigated with secondary treated effluent stored in landscape impoundments. The impact of the conveyance and storage steps on the physical-chemical and biological quality of irrigation water was evaluated on three golf courses over two years. It was found that the water quality varies all along the water route, from the wastewater treatment plant up to the irrigation site: nutrient and bacteria contents decreased along the route in the three cases. This variation depends on the wastewater quality, the length of the pipes conveying water, the number of regulation reservoirs and ponds, the water residence time in pipes, reservoirs and ponds, and the operation of the ponds. The bacteriological quality of irrigation water deteriorates during the irrigation period in the three golf courses as the ponds are operated as continuous flow reactors. The results obtained in this study indicate the inability of golf water supplies, as currently managed, to properly sanitize reclaimed wastewater and meet target quality criteria recommended by WHO (1989) for water intended for recreational use. For a safe reuse of reclaimed wastewater for golf course irrigation, changes in the design and operation of the ponds should be planned or additional treatment steps provided.


Author(s):  
Bhina Patria

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to provide evidence for the validity and reliability of a questionnaire for assessing the implementation of problem-based learning (PBL). This questionnaire was developed to assess the quality of PBL implementation from the perspective of medical school graduates. Methods: A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the validity of the questionnaire. The analysis was based on a survey of 225 graduates of a problem-based medical school in Indonesia. Results: The results showed that the confirmatory factor analysis model had a good fit to the data. Further, the values of the standardized loading estimates, the squared inter-construct correlations, the average variances extracted, and the composite reliabilities all provided evidence of construct validity. Conclusion: The PBL implementation questionnaire was found to be valid and reliable, making it suitable for evaluation purposes.


BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e043636
Author(s):  
Lan Shi ◽  
Mingxuan Li ◽  
Xiaofeng Xu ◽  
Zhengdong Wang ◽  
Sijian Li ◽  
...  

AimThe aim of this study was to adapt the Chinese version of Hospital Nursing Department Disaster Preparedness Scale (HNDDPS) and evaluate the psychometric properties among hospital nurses in China. Two specific objectives were (1) to adapt the HNDDPS from Sadiq’s Organisational Disaster Preparedness Scale (SODPS) to fit the context of Chinese hospital nursing system and (2) to establish its validity and reliability.DesignInstrument design study.Settings and participants2657 nurses belonging to 50 nursing organisations of tertiary hospitals spread across seven administrative regions of China.MethodsWe adapted the Chinese version of HNDDPS through translation of the SODPS, back translation and cultural adaptation. Subsequently, we evaluated the validity of the scale through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), each performed on half of the original sample. We also evaluated the internal consistency reliability of the scale.ResultsThe Chinese version of HNDDPS comprised five dimensions, with 72 items. Exploratory factor analysis yielded five factors explaining 61% of the items’ variance. CFA confirmed five dimensions of the scale and produced appropriate Goodness of Fit Indexes. Cronbach’s α-coefficient was 0.930 for the total scale and ranged from 0.908 to 0.964 for the five dimensions of the scale.ConclusionHNDDPS demonstrates good internal consistency and construct validity. It is a promising, valid and reliable tool for nurses and nursing managers to evaluate hospital nursing department disaster preparedness.


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