Alcohol Consumption by School-Going Adolescents in Madagascar: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors

Background: Hypertension is a progressive cardiovascular syndrome arising from complex and interrelated etiologies. Males have slightly higher prevalence than female in most of countries of Southeast-Asian region.Objective: The objective of study is to find out prevalence and the risk factors of hypertension at Sipaghat, Sindhulchowk, Nepal.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Sipaghat of Sindhupalchowk district in May 2016 and 260 persons were selected randomly. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was higher in male (25.4%) than female (17.4%). Mean age of study population was 42.08 years with standard deviation, 15.95 years. Variables namely age group, smoking, alcohol consumption and family history of hypertension were found to be significant at 5 percent level of significance. Alcohol consumption and smokers have more than two times higher chance of getting hypertension compared to alcohol non-consumer and nonsmoker with 95% confidence intervals were 1.08-4.80 and 1.21-6.10, respectively. Persons with family history of hypertension have 3.8 times more chance of getting hypertension compared to no family history of hypertension with 1.89-7.61 of 95% confidence interval.Conclusion: Lifestyle modification reduces blood pressure which prevents or delays the incidence of hypertension. Hypertension can be controlled and prevented by modifying the lifestyle. People should be advised to avoid modifiable risk factors of hypertension like smoking, consumption of alcohol and physical inactivity through health education programs.Nepalese Journal of Statistics, 2017, Vol. 1, 73-82

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Alcohol Consumption Practice and Associated Risk Factors among University of Limpopo Students

10.5772/intechopen.96349 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mbelege Rosina Nkwana ◽

Gift Makaleng ◽

Mafoloa Suzan Monyeki ◽

Hlengani James Siweya ◽

Kotsedi Daniel Monyeki

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Interpersonal Relationships ◽

Tobacco Product ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Product Use ◽

Rehabilitation Centers ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

Associated Risk Factors

In South Africa, substance rehabilitation centers found alcohol as the primary substance abuse in eight out of the nine provinces. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of alcohol use and associated risk factors among University of Limpopo students with mean age of 21.5 years. This was a cross-sectional study and constituted a total of 500 female students and 417 male students from the University of Limpopo. Logistic regression was used to calculate the association between alcohol consumption and its predictors. Information about their alcohol consumption, the type of alcohol and the practice related to alcohol consumption was collected using a validated questionnaire. Tobacco and marijuana product use were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with alcohol use among University of Limpopo students for unadjusted (OR ranges 4.31 95%CI 2.71 6.87 to 4.92 95%CI 3.16 7.70) and after adjusting for age gender and amount of money deposited into the student account by the bursary scheme (OR ranges from 4.14 95%CI 2.59 6.62 to 4.50 95%CI 2.87 7.06). Tobacco product use, marijuana use and enhancing interpersonal relationships are major risk factors associated to current alcohol use. Future studies are required to investigate the development of lifestyle and cardiovascular disease over time among University of Limpopo students.

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Early onset androgenetic alopecia in men and associated risk factors: a hospital based study

International Journal of Research in Dermatology ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20172209 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 267 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Thansiha Nargis ◽

Vishal Bejai ◽

Malcolm Pinto ◽

Manjunath Mala Shenoy

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Hair Loss ◽

Early Onset ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Androgenetic Alopecia ◽

Adult Males ◽

Early Management ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of hair loss affecting up to 80% of the men. It manifests mostly after puberty and is evident by the age of 30. Nowadays the onset of AGA is much earlier and most of them develop AGA in early twenties. Risk factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption and prevalence of AGA in the family are considered to contribute to the early onset. Aims: To estimate the prevalence of and to determine risk factors for AGA in adult males.Methods: A total of 103 patients above 18 years of age attending the dermatology OPD were included in the study. Epidemiological data was collected using a standard questionnaire.Results: In the study population, 68% patients were in the age group 21-30 years. No association was noted between smoking and the age of onset of AGA. An early age of onset was associated in patients with history of alcohol consumption (73.3%). Prevalence of familial AGA was seen in 68% and had a paternal inheritance (62.8%) more than maternal (8.6%). Associated systemic diseases were seen in 12.6% of the patients and hypertension was the most common.Conclusions: AGA is a very common presenting complaint in the younger population. The early onset of AGA itself causes anxiety and apprehension in the patients that further contribute to the hair loss. The presence of a family history in the patients’ needs for an early management of the disorder. Environmental factors like smoking and alcohol consumption thought to play a role in the aetiology of the disease.

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Efficacy of metronidazole to prevent active pulmonary tuberculosis in people living with HIV/AIDS on highly active anti-retroviral therapy: a prospective cohort study

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20204865 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 3826

Author(s):

Ketut Suryana

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Highly Active ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Living With Hiv

Background: People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) were more susceptible of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis (APT) than non-PLWHA. Whether Metronidazole Preventive Therapy (MPT) may prevent APT, remain unclear. The objective of the study was to investigate efficacy of MPT and other associated risk factors of APT among PLWHA on Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy (HAART).Methods: A prospective cohort study included 182 PLWHA on HAART and asymptomatic tuberculosis (TB), 62 received MPT (first group) and 120 PLWHA did not receive MPT (second group). APT were diagnosed among the first group (4 participants) and the second group (26 participants). Monthly visit to replenish pills and to confirm APT. Efficacy of MPT to prevent APT, socio-demography and laboratory, were analyzed using Chi-square with significancy p<0.05.Results: Of 112 participants (62.20%) were males, 70 (37.80%) females, mean age (year) 37.31±9.83. Four (2.20%) of participants (first group) and 26 (14.47%) (second group) were confirmed APT (p=0.003). In bivariate analysis, sex (p=0.020), alcohol consumption (p=0.000); smoking (p=0.000), CD4 cell counts (<70 cell/µl) (p=0.001), previous history of TB (p=0.000) were the significant factors associated with APT. Participants who received MPT had a significantly lower risk of APT than participants who did not receive MPT (p=0.003). Other factors; weight, Hb, WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) were not significantly associated with APT.Conclusions: We found, a significant protective effect of MPT, prevent APT. Other significant associated risk factors of APT were sex (male), smoking, alcohol consumption, previous TB history, lower CD4 counts.

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Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Hypertension among Adults (40 Years and Above) in the Tano North District of the Ahafo Region, Ghana

Asian Journal of Medicine and Health ◽

10.9734/ajmah/2021/v19i1030382 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 40-54

Author(s):

Issah Sumaila ◽

Mubarick Nungbaso Asumah ◽

Rosaline Bierema Dassah

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Old Age ◽

Health Workers ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Nutritional Knowledge ◽

Positive Health ◽

Reduced Frequency ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Introduction: Increased prevalence of hypertension (HTN) has been attributed to commonly known risk factors such as obesity, low level of nutritional knowledge, lack of exercise, alcohol intake, and tobacco use. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence, and associated risk factors of hypertension among residents of the Yamfo community in the Ahafo Region of Ghana. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study of 174 participants aged ≥40 years were enrolled using simple random sampling. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit information on sociodemographic characteristics, behavioural/lifestyle risk factors and knowledge of hypertension. Data was analysed using SPSS version 23. Results: Prevalence of hypertension was 63.2% (95% CI: 55.7–70.1) in adults 40 years and above. Risk factors that were significantly associated with hypertension were lack of physical activity (p=0.030), alcohol consumption (p=0.001), consumption of meals prepared with oil (p=0.016), reduced frequency of fruit consumption (p=0.008) and reduced frequency of vegetable consumption (p<0.001). Increasing age (aOR,1.9; 95%CI (1.3-2.4); p=.049), physical activity (cOR,2.12, 95% CI (1.07-4.21), p=.032), alcohol consumption (aOR, 57.03; 95% C1 (4.48-726.59); p=.002), and knowledge on the cause of hypeternsion (aOR, 3.41; 95% CI (1.93-5.17); p=.032) were observed as determinants of hypertension. Conclusion: Majority of the study participants were hypertensive, with the majority of them having knowledge on risk factors of hypertension. Majority of participants had the opinion that hypertension is inevitable, because it comes with old age. Enough (Intensive) education concerning hypertension could be extended to the community, about the different, but equally relevant risk factors of hypertension, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, reduced fruit and vegetable consumption and inappropriate diet. This could be achieved by organizing outreach programs by the community health workers in places like markets and churches in order to remit the elderly that they can still be healthy in old age, and at schools and on social media to inculcate positive health behavior in the youth.

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Demographic and Lifestyle Predictors of Prehypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study among Apparently Healthy Adults in Kumasi, Ghana

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/1764079 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eddie-Williams Owiredu ◽

Ebenezer Dontoh ◽

Selma E. S. Essuman ◽

Bashiratu B. Bazanfara

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Apparently Healthy

Background. Prehypertension has been shown to increase future risk of hypertension. Some demographic and lifestyle characteristics have been implicated to increase the risk of development of prehypertension. Yet, there is paucity of data on the current prevalence of prehypertension and its associated risk factors in Ghana. This study evaluated the prevalence of prehypertension and examined the demographic and lifestyle characteristics associated with prehypertension among apparently healthy Ghanaian adults in Kumasi. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted from March to April, 2018, in Kumasi, Ghana. A total of 204 participants (80 males, 124 females, 25 years and above) who reported not diagnosed of hypertension and not on any antihypertensive medication were included in the study. Validated questionnaire was used to obtain sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics of study participants. Height and weight of each respondent were measured and their corresponding Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. Blood pressure (BP) was measured with an automated blood pressure apparatus from the right arm. Prehypertension was defined as systolic BP of 120-139 mmHg and/or diastolic BP of 80-89 mmHg. Results. Out of 204 participants, the prevalence of prehypertension was 49.0%. From multivariate logistic regression models, having lower level of education [aOR=2.74, 95% CI (1.15-6.55), p=0.02], not practicing at least 30 min daily walks [aOR=2.59, 95% CI (1.31-5.10), p=0.01], not exercising routinely [aOR=1.93, 95% CI (0.97-3.85), p=0.04], and alcohol consumption [aOR=3.58(1.52-8.46), p=0.004] were independently associated with higher odds of prehypertension. Conclusion. The prevalence of prehypertension is high among apparently healthy Ghanaian adults (49.0%). Lower educational level, sedentary lifestyle, and alcohol consumption are the predominant risk factors for prehypertension in Kumasi.

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Alcohol use, pregnancy and associated risk factors: a pilot cross-sectional study of pregnant women attending prenatal care in an urban city

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-019-2652-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Imelda K. Moise

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Prenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Periconceptional Period ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preventable alcohol-related developmental disability fetal alcohol syndrome. In Zambia, alcohol use and associated risk factors have not been investigated, and screening in prenatal care is nonexistent. This study determined individual correlates and the prevalence of alcohol use in pregnant women attending prenatal care at two health clinics in Lusaka, Zambia. Methods A study adopted a cross-sectional design and recruited 188 pregnant women after seeking their informed consent from July 19 to 31, 2017. Participants aged 18 or over completed the T-ACE (Tolerance, Annoyance, Cut Down and Eye Opener) screening tool and validated alcohol-screening questionnaires on self-reported alcohol use periconceptional and during conception period while at their regular prenatal visit. The T-ACE screening tool assessed the risk of alcohol dependence in four short questions. The questionnaires included demographic questions. Bivariate analyses were performed using the χ2 test for dichotomous variables and the t-test for continuous variables. Mixed-effects linear models were used to evaluate the effect of outcome variables with patient-level variables. Results About 40 (21.2%) pregnant women were identified by the T-ACE as at-risk for problem drinking during pregnancy. Except for regular prenatal care and distance, there was no difference in the demographic factors between pregnant women who scored < 2 on the T-ACE and those that scored > 2 points (all p’s > 0.05). A small proportional of women at both clinics reported binge drinking during the periconceptional period (12.7% vs. 3.2%, p = 0.003) and beyond periconception period. Excluding employed women, no significant relationships were observed between alcohol use and demographic factors. Conclusion Alcohol consumption is prevalent in the periconceptional period and during pregnancy in pregnant women attending prenatal care in Zambia. Findings underscore the need for targeted alcohol use screening and intervention for pregnant women.

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Assessing the Magnitude and Risk Factors Associated With Undiagnosed Hypertension in Rural Rwanda

Journal of Management and Strategy ◽

10.5430/jms.v10n2p3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 3

Author(s):

Christian Mazimpaka ◽

Sabin Nsanzimana ◽

Jenae Logan ◽

Agnes Binagwaho ◽

Rex Wong

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Communities ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Kidney Diseases ◽

Early Screening ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Physically Active ◽

Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Individuals living with hypertension are predisposed to higher risk of stroke, kidney diseases and heart failure. Approximately 9.4 million people worldwide die from complications related to hypertension every year. Hypertension is often known as the silent killer because many people do not develop any symptoms until they get very sick. Early screening is particularly important for better treatment outcomes yet it remains a challenge in many countries. Worldwide, approximately 50% of people are living with undiagnosed hypertension. In Rwanda, the rate of undiagnosed hypertension is unknown, and so are the associated risk factors in rural communities. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to determine the rate and risk factors of undiagnosed hypertension among adults in a rural community in Rwanda. The proportion of people having undiagnosed hypertension was found to be high. Out of 155 study participants, 41.9% had undiagnosed hypertension, with slightly more men having hypertension (52.3%) than women (47.7%). More than 98% of respondents either did not know or knew wrong information about hypertension, and only 3% knew they should have regular checkups with physicians. Age (p=0.027) and alcohol consumption (p=0.014) were found to be statistically significantly associated with hypertension. Smoking and exercise were not found to be risk factors as most Rwandans living in the rural areas are physically active. Programs to promote hypertension awareness, encourage regular physical checkups, and reduce alcohol consumption are needed to improve diagnosis and control of hypertension in Rwanda. Community programs offering free regular blood pressure checks may also be helpful in identifying early hypertension. Larger scale studies of this kind should be conducted to understand whether results can be generalized to other areas of Rwanda.

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Prevalence of sleep disturbance and associated risk factors in UK Biobank participants with alcohol use disorders and major depression

10.1101/2021.03.08.21252907 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bhanu Prakash Kolla ◽

Joanna M. Biernacka ◽

Meghna P. Mansukhani ◽

Colin Colby ◽

Brandon J. Coombes

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Sleep Disturbance ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Alcohol Use Disorders ◽

Pairwise Comparisons ◽

Uk Biobank ◽

Clinical Factors ◽

Associated Risk Factors

AbstractIntroductionCurrent understanding of the differences in sleep disturbance (SD) and associated risk factors in patients with alcohol use disorders (AUD), major depressive disorders (MDD), and comorbid AUD+MDD is limited.MethodsData from the UK Biobank (UKB) (n=47,825) were utilized to categorize subjects into those with MDD (n=5,991), AUD (n=12,952), both (MDD+AUD)(n=3,219), and controls (n=25,663). We used generalized linear models (GLMs) to test whether rates of SD and sleep duration differed among the groups and determine the clinical predictors of SD. Rates of SD and sleep duration were compared using regression analyses accounting for demographic (age, sex, ethnicity, and Townsend deprivation index) and clinical (body mass index, neuroticism score, and alcohol consumption) factors.ResultsAfter accounting for diagnostic category, SD was associated with age, female sex, white ethnicity, and higher BMI, neuroticism and alcohol consumption scores (all p<0.0001).The unadjusted prevalence of SD was 25.6%, 25.9%, 39.2%, and 41.1% in control, AUD, MDD, and MDD+AUD categories respectively. Rates of SD in controls and AUD group as well as MDD alone and MDD+AUD did not differ in unadjusted models (p=0.45 and 0.075, respectively). Prevalence of SD differed in the four groups (p<0.0001 for all pairwise comparisons) after adjusting for demographic confounders. After further adjustment for clinical factors, effect sizes were reduced, but pairwise comparisons remained significant, except in the AUD versus MDD group (all p<0.05). After adjusting for demographic and clinical factors, sleep duration did not differ among the groups.ConclusionDemographic and clinical characteristics associated with SD were similar in patients with MDD, AUD, and MDD+AUD. The differences in rates of SD between the diagnostic groups were attenuated but persisted after accounting for these confounders. Genetic and other factors capable of influencing SD in patients with MDD, AUD, and comorbid MDD+AUD merit future investigation.

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