Evaluation of Anthelmintic Activity and Composition of Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) Seed Extracts—In Vitro and in Vivo Studies

Paramphistomosis is a chronic, debilitating parasitic disease of livestock prevalent in the tropical and sub-tropical countries. Globally there is a heavy reliance on anthelmintics but concerns over drug resistance encourage the search for new leads. Metalloproteinases play a significant role in the biology and life cycle of parasitic helminths. The efficacy of metalloproteinase inhibitor, 1,10-Phenanthroline (1,10-phe) which is commonly used as a specific enzyme inhibitor in biochemical assays, was tested in vitro on Gigantocotyle explanatum tegument as a marker of anthelmintic action. The scanning electron microscopy revealed that the tegumental surface exhibited considerable changes in the worms treated with the metalloenzyme inhibitor, 1,10-phe. The untreated control worms appeared normal showing smooth tegumental surface with abundant dome shaped papillae in the anterior to mid region, while their density was less around the acetabulum which serves as a hold-fast organ helping the worms to remain attached in biliary passage. The 1,10-phe produced significant tegumental damage when the liver amphistomes were in vitro exposed to this compound at 12.5 µM concentration. The surface changes appeared in the form of edematous ridges with prominent furrows and erosion of the dome shaped papillae with rosette shaped deep lesions as a result of which deep parenchymatous tissues were exposed. The collapse of sensory bulbs as well as sloughing of tegument, particularly in the anterior-mid region was observed. The nature of damage could be comparable to various anthelmintics used in previous studies. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of direct exposure of amphistome worms to zinc metallo-enzyme inhibitor, however, further in vivo studies are required to ascertain the anthelmintic efficacy of 1,10-phe.

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In Vitro and In Vivo Studies on Adlay-Derived Seed Extracts: Phenolic Profiles, Antioxidant Activities, Serum Uric Acid Suppression, and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Effects

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/jf501952e ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 62 (31) ◽

pp. 7771-7778 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Mouming Zhao ◽

Dashuai Zhu ◽

Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse ◽

Guowan Su ◽

Lianzhu Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Xanthine Oxidase ◽

Serum Uric Acid ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Phenolic Profiles ◽

Seed Extracts

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Production and Evaluation of Nutritional Contents of Traditional Couscous from Sprouted Wheat Fortified with Glycine max (L.) merr (Soya Bean) and Cucurbita pepo (Pumpkin) Seeds

Food Science and Nutrition Studies ◽

10.22158/fsns.v4n2p1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. p1

Author(s):

Raihanatu MB ◽

Falmata AS ◽

Bintu BP ◽

Maryam BK ◽

Hadiza Ahmed Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Cucurbita Pepo ◽

Protein Quality ◽

Soya Bean ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Nutritional Requirement ◽

Pumpkin Seeds

The study was carried to process, produce, and evaluate nutritional contents of traditional couscous from sprouted wheat (Triticum aestivum), fortified with Soya bean (Glycine max) and Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) seeds. The composite couscous blends were traditionally produced and compared with commercial couscous. The sprouted wheat couscous blends were blended in different ratios, they include; unprocessed (Raw wheat, 100), blend 1 (sprouted wheat mixed with soya bean and pumpkin seeds, 70:20:10), blend 2 (sprouted wheat mixed with soya bean, 60:40) and blend 3 (sprouted wheat mixed with pumpkin seeds, 60:40). Traditional wheat couscous blends were fed to experimental albino rats of wister strain weighing between (35 g and 45 g) for a period of 28 days. The nutritional and physiochemical analysis were determined using standard laboratory methods. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 20.0 was used to analyze the data collected which were expressed as means ± SE. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s multiple range tests were used to compare the means obtained after each experiment. Differences were considered significant at p < 0.05. Processing (Sprouting) decreases the levels of anti-nutrients, mineral elements and vitamins. Supplementation with soya bean and pumpkin seeds increased the nutritional composition of the sprouted wheat couscous blends. Results of chemical composition showed that blend 2, recorded high protein (29.95%), fat (8.95%) and low carbohydrate content (49.56%), followed by blend 1 and then blend 3, while commercial couscous crude protein, fat and carbohydrate were 12.53%, 1.42% and 75.10% respectively. There was improved level of in vitro protein digestibility at 1 hour (76.64% to 98.59%) and at 6 hours (96.80% to 99.33%). Results of in vivo studies showed that raw wheat couscous recorded protein quality when compared with spouted wheat couscous blends produced. The biological values of the composite couscous blends range from 95.04% to 95.73% and blend 2, recorded high net protein utilization (98.57%). In terms of sensory evaluation using hedonic method, blend 2 was most acceptable and differ significantly (p < 0.05) with other sprouted wheat couscous blends and commercial couscous. The cost of producing sprouted wheat couscous blends is cheaper than the commercial couscous. The study has therefore, revealed that with proper selection of locally available cereal, it is possible to produce nutritious complementary couscous blends that would be acceptable and nutritionally adequate to meet up the nutritional requirement for both children and adults. It also compares favourably with the commercial couscous in terms of nutrient contents.

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In vitro action of Mimosa caesalpinifolia ketone extract on Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4p1963 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 1963 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Danilo Rodrigues Barros Brito ◽

Livio Martins Costa Júnior ◽

João Luis Garcia ◽

Suzana Gomes Lopes ◽

Giselle Cutrim de Oliveira Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽

Lower Efficiency ◽

Egg Hatchability

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic activity of Mimosa caesalpinifolia (sabiá) ketone extract, which is rich in condensed tannins (CT), on Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. The leaves and stems of M. caesalpinifolia were collected, dried in the shade, and ground to a dry powder from which ketone extracts were obtained for in vitro assays. The extracts were diluted in 5% acetone and PBS to concentrations in the range 0.25-2.80 mg mL-¹ and the inhibition of egg hatchability was assayed. Feces collected from goats naturally infected with H. contortus (55%) and T. colubriformis (45%) were macerated and the helminth eggs were collected to conduct in vitro egg hatchability tests. Nematode larvae collected from the feces were used for a larval exsheathment inhibition assay of M. caesalpinifolia leaf and M. caesalpinifolia leaf and stem ketone extracts at concentrations of 0.6 and 1.2 mg mL-¹; three replicates were performed for each concentration. PBS was used as a negative control. Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) was added to the extracts to assess the effect of phenolic compounds on anthelmintic activity. An inhibitory effect of 80.7% and 82.3% was observed on hatchability after treatment with 1.0 and 2.0 mg mL-¹ M. caesalpinifolia leaf ketone extract, respectively. An inhibition rate lower than 75% was observed for 1.0 mg mL-¹ M. caesalpinifolia leaf and stem ketone extract. The M. caesalpinifolia leaf ketone extract larval exsheathment assay resulted in inhibition of 97.3% and 99.8% at concentrations of 0.6 and 1.2 mg mL-¹, respectively. For the leaf and stem ketone extract, the larval exsheathment inhibition was 94.3% at 1.2 mg mL-¹. The leaf and leaf and stem extracts showed no inhibitory effects on larval exsheathment after the addition of PVPP. These results showed that cuticular loss was related to the action of the phenolic compounds in the M. caesalpinifolia extracts. M. caesalpinifolia leaf ketone extract inhibited egg hatchability, but the leaf and stem extract showed lower efficiency, which indicated a greater abundance of active compounds in the leaves. The M. caesalpinifolia ketone extracts were effective in the inhibition of larval exsheathment at the highest concentration tested. Based on these results, in vivo studies should be performed to demonstrate the anthelmintic activity of this plant in goats.

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In vitro and in vivo studies of Cucurbita pepo L. flowers: chemical profile and bioactivity

Natural Product Research ◽

10.1080/14786419.2019.1672067 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Valeria M. Morittu ◽

Nadia Musco ◽

Vincenzo Mastellone ◽

Marco Bonesi ◽

Domenico Britti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cucurbita Pepo ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Chemical Profile

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Evaluation of the anthelmintic activity of Khaya senegalensis extract against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep: in vitro and in vivo studies

Veterinary Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.04.001 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 122 (2) ◽

pp. 151-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

I.O Ademola ◽

B.O Fagbemi ◽

S.O Idowu

Keyword(s):

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Khaya Senegalensis

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In vitro assessment of deworming potential of Guiera senegalensis in Nigerian ethnoveterinary industry using Caenorhabditis elegans

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-021-00689-6 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Haladu Ali Gagman ◽

Hamdan Ahmad ◽

Nik Ahmad Irwan Izzaudin Nik Him ◽

Silas Wintuma Avicor

Keyword(s):

Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Methanol Extracts ◽

C Elegans ◽

Guiera Senegalensis ◽

In Vitro Assessment ◽

Pharmacological Potential

Abstract Background Although Guiera senegalensis is used as a dewormer in ethnoveterinary health care in Nigeria, its anthelmintic potential has not been validated. Hence, this work investigated the in vitro anthelmintic potential of G. senegalensis extracts on two Caenorhabditis elegans strains: Bristol N2 (wild type/ivermectin susceptible) and DA1316 (ivermectin resistant). Results Aqueous and methanol extracts of G. senegalensis were tested against the motility of the L4 larvae at two exposure periods of 24 and 48 h and found to be active against the C. elegans strains. Motility of C. elegans DA1316 was reduced to 18.6% and 8.3% by aqueous and methanol extracts, respectively, at 2.0 mg/ml after 48 h, whereas that of C. elegans DA1316 treated with ivermectin (0.02 µg/ml) remained above 95%. The motility of C. elegans Bristol N2 was reduced to 16.6% and 7.2% by aqueous and methanol extracts, respectively, at 2.0 mg/ml after 48 h and ≤ 2.7% by ivermectin (0.02 µg/ml). Activity of the plant extracts was concentration and time dependent. Conclusions This work confirms the anthelmintic activity of G. senegalensis and its effectiveness against ivermectin-resistant nematodes, thus validating its ethnoveterinary use as an animal dewormer in Nigeria and pharmacological potential as a source of anthelmintic compounds against ivermectin-resistant nematodes. There is, however, the need for in vivo studies to confirm the in vitro efficacy of the extracts.

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