Low Infection of Phelipanche aegyptiaca in Micro-Tom Mutants Deficient in CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 8

Strigolactones (SLs), a group of plant hormones, induce germination of root-parasitic plants and inhibit shoot branching in many plants. Shoot branching is an important trait that affects the number and quality of flowers and fruits. Root-parasitic plants, such as Phelipanche spp., infect tomato roots and cause economic damage in Europe and North Africa—hence why resistant tomato cultivars are needed. In this study, we found carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 8-defective mutants of Micro-Tom tomato (slccd8) by the “targeting induced local lesions in genomes” (TILLING) method. The mutants showed excess branching, which was suppressed by exogenously applied SL. Grafting shoot scions of the slccd8 mutants onto wild-type (WT) rootstocks restored normal branching in the scions. The levels of endogenous orobanchol and solanacol in WT were enough detectable, whereas that in the slccd8 mutants were below the detection limit of quantification analysis. Accordingly, root exudates of the slccd8 mutants hardly stimulated seed germination of root parasitic plants. In addition, SL deficiency did not critically affect the fruit traits of Micro-Tom. Using a rhizotron system, we also found that Phelipanche aegyptiaca infection was lower in the slccd8 mutants than in wild-type Micro-Tom because of the low germination. We propose that the slccd8 mutants might be useful as new tomato lines resistant to P. aegyptiaca.

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Low infection of Phelipanche aegyptiaca in Micro-Tom mutants deficient in CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 8

10.20944/preprints201808.0172.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Shoko Hasegawa ◽

Takuya Tsutsumi ◽

Shunsuke Fukushima ◽

Yoshihiro Okabe ◽

Junna Saito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parasitic Plants ◽

Economic Damage ◽

Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase ◽

Shoot Branching ◽

Wild Type ◽

Limit Of Quantification ◽

Tomato Roots ◽

Quantification Analysis ◽

Important Trait ◽

Root Parasitic Plants

Strigolactones (SLs), a group of plant hormones, induce germination of root-parasitic plants and inhibit shoot branching in many plants. Shoot branching is an important trait that affects the number and quality of flowers and fruits. Root-parasitic plants such as Phelipanche spp. infect tomato roots and cause economic damage in Europe and North Africa. Thus, resistant tomato cultivars are needed. In this study, we found carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 8-defective mutants of Micro-Tom tomato (slccd8) by the “targeting induced local lesions in genomes” (TILLING) method. The mutants showed excess branching, which was suppressed by exogenously applied SL. Grafting shoot scions of the slccd8 mutants onto wild-type (WT) rootstocks restored normal branching in the scions. The levels of endogenous orobanchol and solanacol in WT were enough detectable, whereas that in the slccd8 mutants were below the detection limit of quantification analysis. Accordingly, root exudates of the slccd8 mutants hardly stimulated seed germination of root parasitic plants. In addition, SL deficiency did not critically affect the fruit traits of Micro-Tom. Using a rhizotron system, we also found that Phelipanche aegyptiaca infection was lower in the slccd8 mutants than in wild-type Micro-Tom because of the low germination. We propose that the slccd8 mutants might be useful as new tomato lines resistant to P. aegyptiaca.

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Transcriptome and metabolome profiling provide insights into molecular mechanism of pseudostem elongation in banana

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-021-02899-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Guiming Deng ◽

Fangcheng Bi ◽

Jing Liu ◽

Weidi He ◽

Chunyu Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Cell Elongation ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Specific Gene ◽

Wild Type ◽

Banana Plant ◽

Cell Wall Modification ◽

Dwarf Cultivar ◽

Important Trait ◽

Metabolome Profiling

AbstractBackgroundBanana plant height is an important trait for horticultural practices and semi-dwarf cultivars show better resistance to damages by wind and rain. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling the pseudostem height remain poorly understood. Herein, we studied the molecular changes in the pseudostem of a semi-dwarf banana mutant Aifen No. 1 (Musaspp. Pisang Awak sub-group ABB) as compared to its wild-type dwarf cultivar using a combined transcriptome and metabolome approach.ResultsA total of 127 differentially expressed genes and 48 differentially accumulated metabolites were detected between the mutant and its wild type. Metabolites belonging to amino acid and its derivatives, flavonoids, lignans, coumarins, organic acids, and phenolic acids were up-regulated in the mutant. The transcriptome analysis showed the differential regulation of genes related to the gibberellin pathway, auxin transport, cell elongation, and cell wall modification. Based on the regulation of gibberellin and associated pathway-related genes, we discussed the involvement of gibberellins in pseudostem elongation in the mutant banana. Genes and metabolites associated with cell wall were explored and their involvement in cell extension is discussed.ConclusionsThe results suggest that gibberellins and associated pathways are possibly developing the observed semi-dwarf pseudostem phenotype together with cell elongation and cell wall modification. The findings increase the understanding of the mechanisms underlying banana stem height and provide new clues for further dissection of specific gene functions.

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Reactions of Lotus japonicus ecotypes and mutants to root parasitic plants

Journal of Plant Physiology ◽

10.1016/j.jplph.2008.06.007 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 166 (4) ◽

pp. 353-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Mie Kubo ◽

Hiroaki Ueda ◽

Pyoyun Park ◽

Masayoshi Kawaguchi ◽

Yukihiro Sugimoto

Keyword(s):

Lotus Japonicus ◽

Parasitic Plants ◽

Root Parasitic Plants

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Root Colonization by Agrobacterium tumefaciens Is Reduced in cel, attB,attD, and attR Mutants

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.64.7.2341-2345.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 64 (7) ◽

pp. 2341-2345 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Ann G. Matthysse ◽

Susan McMahan

Keyword(s):

Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽

Root Length ◽

Root Colonization ◽

Bacterial Pathogenesis ◽

Bacterial Suspension ◽

Cellulose Synthesis ◽

Wild Type ◽

Tomato Roots ◽

Extensive Growth ◽

Number Of Bacteria

ABSTRACT Root colonization by Agrobacterium tumefaciens was measured by using tomato and Arabidopsis thaliana roots dipped in a bacterial suspension and planted in soil. Wild-type bacteria showed extensive growth on tomato roots; the number of bacteria increased from 103 bacteria/cm of root length at the time of inoculation to more than 107 bacteria/cm after 10 days. The numbers of cellulose-minus and nonattachingattB, attD, and attR mutant bacteria were less than 1/10,000th the number of wild-type bacteria recovered from tomato roots. On roots of A. thalianaecotype Landsberg erecta, the numbers of wild-type bacteria increased from about 30 to 8,000 bacteria/cm of root length after 8 days. The numbers of cellulose-minus and nonattaching mutant bacteria were 1/100th to 1/10th the number of wild-type bacteria recovered after 8 days. The attachment of A. tumefaciens to cut A. thaliana roots incubated in 0.4% sucrose and observed with a light microscope was also reduced with cel andatt mutants. These results suggest that cellulose synthesis and attachment genes play a role in the ability of the bacteria to colonize roots, as well as in bacterial pathogenesis.

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SEED GERMINATION AND PLANT DEVELOPMENT IN Escobedia grandiflora (OROBANCHACEAE): EVIDENCE OF OBLIGATE HEMIPARASITISM?

Acta Biológica Colombiana ◽

10.15446/abc.v20n3.43776 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 133-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Edison CARDONA-MEDINA ◽

Sandra Bibiana MURIEL RUIZ

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Parasitic Plants ◽

Paspalum Notatum ◽

Percentage Germination ◽

Critical Stage ◽

Stage Of Development ◽

Medicinal Use ◽

Germination Speed ◽

Total Plant ◽

Root Parasitic Plants

Root parasitic plants can be facultative or obligate. Facultative parasites are able to complete their life cycle and their seeds can germinate without a host. Escobedia grandiflora is a poorly studied species in spite of its ancestral importance as dye of foods and medicinal use. The present study evaluates the states of seed, seedlings and mature plants, under presence and absence of possible hosts, for inferring the type of parasitism exhibited by E. grandiflora. Seeds were evaluated using two conditions each of light (12 and 0 hours) and temperature (20 ºC and 25 ºC); percentage germination, and germination speed were determined. The seeds did not require a host to germinate, as is typical of facultative parasitic plants. Percentage of germination varied between 66 % and 85.3 % and was not affected by light or temperature although germination speed was greater at 25 ºC. Larger seeds had a higher percentage of germination and produced larger seedlings. The seedlings planted without a host did not survive, while those planted with Paspalum notatum had a 45 % survival rate, demonstrating that this is a critical stage of development, even with a host. Escobedia grandiflora plants sowed with grasses began the reproductive stage at the 28th week, and those planted with Pennisetum purpureum showed better performance, expressed in more haustoria, higher dry matter of total plant, rhizome and aerial stems. Plants sowed alone lived for more than six months, but they did not produce flowers or fruits. According to the behavior of seedlings and plants, E. grandiflora is an obligate parasite. Germinación de semillas y desarrollo de plantas en Escobedia grandiflora (Orobanchaceae): ¿Evidencia de hemiparasitismo obligado? Las plantas parásitas de raíces pueden ser facultativas u obligadas, las primeras pueden completar su ciclo de vida y sus semillas pueden germinar sin un hospedero. Escobedia grandiflora es una especie poco estudiada, a pesar de su importancia ancestral como colorante de alimentos y uso medicinal. Este estudio evaluó los estados de semilla, plántula y planta adulta, en presencia y ausencia de posibles hospederos para inferir sobre su tipo de parasitismo. En las semillas se evaluaron dos condiciones de luz (12 y 0 horas) y temperatura (20 ºC y 25 ºC), el porcentaje y velocidad de germinación. Las semillas no requirieron la presencia del hospedero para germinar. El porcentaje de germinación osciló entre 66 y 85,3 % y no fue afectado por la luz o la temperatura, aunque la velocidad de germinación fue mayor a 25 ºC. Las semillas con mayor tamaño presentaron mayor porcentaje de germinación y produjeron plántulas más grandes. Las plántulas sembradas sin hospedero no sobrevivieron, mientras que las sembradas con Paspalum notatum, tuvieron una sobrevivencia del 45 %, evidenciando que este estado es crítico, aún con hospedero. Las plantas de Escobedia grandiflora sembradas con pastos, iniciaron la etapa reproductiva en la semana 28, y aquellas sembradas con Pennisetum purpureum presentaron más haustorios, y mayor materia seca en la planta total, rizoma y tallos aéreos. Las plantas sembradas solas vivieron más de seis meses, pero ellos no desarrollaron flores y ni frutos. Según el comportamiento de las plántulas y las plantas, E. grandiflora es parásita obligada.

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