scholarly journals Role of Immunogenetics in the Outcome of HCMV Infection: Implications for Ageing

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Aiello ◽  
Giulia Accardi ◽  
Giuseppina Candore ◽  
Calogero Caruso ◽  
Claudia Colomba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hcmv Infection ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Symptomatic Infection ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽  
Gm Allotypes

The outcome of host-virus interactions is determined by a number of factors, some related to the virus, others to the host, such as environmental factors and genetic factors. Therefore, different individuals vary in their relative susceptibility to infections. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an important pathogen from a clinical point of view, as it causes significant morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed or immunosenescent individuals, such as the transplanted patients and the elderly, respectively. It is, therefore, important to understand the mechanisms of virus infection control. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the immunobiology of HCMV-host interactions, with particular emphasis on the immunogenetic aspects (human leukocyte antigens, HLA; killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors, KIRs; immunoglobulin genetic markers, GM allotypes) to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the complex host-virus interaction that determine various outcomes of HCMV infection. The results, which show the role of humoral and cellular immunity in the control of infection by HCMV, would be valuable in directing efforts to reduce HCMV spurred health complications in the transplanted patients and in the elderly, including immunosenescence. In addition, concerning GM allotypes, it is intriguing that, in a Southern Italian population, alleles associated with the risk of developing HCMV symptomatic infection are negatively associated with longevity.

scholarly journals Role of HLA in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meerim Park ◽  
Jong Jin Seo
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

The selection of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) donors includes a rigorous assessment of the availability and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) match status of donors. HLA plays a critical role in HSCT, but its involvement in HSCT is constantly in flux because of changing technologies and variations in clinical transplantation results. The increased availability of HSCT through the use of HLA-mismatched related and unrelated donors is feasible with a more complete understanding of permissible HLA mismatches and the role of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes in HSCT. The influence of nongenetic factors on the tolerability of HLA mismatching has recently become evident, demonstrating a need for the integration of both genetic and nongenetic variables in donor selection.

scholarly journals Immunosenescence: a key player in cancer development

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyao Lian ◽  
Ying Yue ◽  
Weina Yu ◽  
Yi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Antibody Therapy ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mtor Inhibition ◽  
Interleukin 7 ◽  
The Many

Abstract Immunosenescence is a process of immune dysfunction that occurs with age and includes remodeling of lymphoid organs, leading to changes in the immune function of the elderly, which is closely related to the development of infections, autoimmune diseases, and malignant tumors. T cell–output decline is an important feature of immunosenescence as well as the production of senescence-associated secretory phenotype, increased glycolysis, and reactive oxygen species. Senescent T cells exhibit abnormal phenotypes, including downregulation of CD27, CD28, and upregulation of CD57, killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G, Tim-3, Tight, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, which are tightly related to malignant tumors. The role of immunosenescence in tumors is sophisticated: the many factors involved include cAMP, glucose competition, and oncogenic stress in the tumor microenvironment, which can induce the senescence of T cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells. Accordingly, these senescent immune cells could also affect tumor progression. In addition, the effect of immunosenescence on the response to immune checkpoint blocking antibody therapy so far is ambiguous due to the low participation of elderly cancer patients in clinical trials. Furthermore, many other senescence-related interventions could be possible with genetic and pharmacological methods, including mTOR inhibition, interleukin-7 recombination, and NAD+ activation. Overall, this review aims to highlight the characteristics of immunosenescence and its impact on malignant tumors and immunotherapy, especially the future directions of tumor treatment through senescence-focused strategies.

scholarly journals Activating Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors are associated with the severity of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Bernal ◽  
Lourdes Gimeno ◽  
María J Alcaraz ◽  
Ahmed A Quadeer ◽  
Marta Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Human Leukocyte Antigen Class ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Clinical Variability ◽  
Ligand Interactions ◽  
Antigen Presenting

Abstract Background Etiopathogenesis of the clinical variability of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains mostly unknown. Here we investigate the role of Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)/Human Leukocyte Antigen Class-I (HLA-I) interactions in the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19. Methods KIR and HLA-I genotyping and NK cell (NKc) receptors immunophenotyping in 201 symptomatic patients and 210 non-infected controls. Results NKcs with a distinctive immunophenotype, suggestive of recent activation (KIR2DS4 low CD16 low CD226 low CD56 high TIGIT high NKG2A high), expanded in patients with severe COVID-19. This was associated with a higher frequency of the functional A-telomeric activating KIR2DS4 in severe than mild/moderate patients and controls (83.7%, 55.7% and 36.2%, p<7.7x10 -9). In mild/moderate patients HLA-B*15:01 was associated with higher frequencies of activating B-telomeric KIR3DS1 compared to patients with other HLA-B*15 subtypes and non-infected controls (90.9%, 42.9% and 47.3%, p<0.002, Pc=0.022). This strongly suggests that HLA-B*15:01 specifically presenting SARS-CoV-2 peptides could form a neo-ligand interacting with KIR3DS1. Similarly, a putative neo-ligand for KIR2DS4 could arise from other HLA-I molecules presenting SARS-CoV-2 peptides expressed on infected/activated lung antigen presenting cells. Conclusions Our results support a crucial role of NKcs in the clinical variability of COVID-19 with specific KIR/Ligand interactions associated to disease severity.

scholarly journals Wander of life: An agora to facilitate elderly's autonomous and connected life in Johnsonville

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Yuqi Kong
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Space Design ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Environmental Gerontology ◽  
Public Space Design

<p>New Zealand is experiencing a demographic transitional period when there is increasing percentage of the elder population out of the total. Researches and scholars overseas have investigated in architecture’s role of improving environments for the elderly, primarily from the perspective of disability. However, these considerations which solely come from the physicality point of view and can be easily treated just as after thoughts, sometimes still leaving the elderly in dilemmas.  As an attempt to response to such an issue, this thesis asks if accessible architecture can enable the elderly to be included in public space as community members rather than an isolated group. It aims to explore possibilities of creating accessible public space for elderly, which is also thoughtful towards other community members’ interactions. These explorations are set on the intersection of environmental gerontology* and phenomenology, focus on making space accessibly to the elderly physically, sensorially and psychologically.  To re-introduce the elderly as community members who are as significant as others, the diversity and complexity of their conditions and needs should be considered, which requires the design explorations to be site-specific to avoid over-generalization. To contextualise the question, Johnsonville is chosen as the site for study, thus, the character of local elderly can be considered for appropriate design iterations. To extend current design discourse about the role of architecture in the context of environmental gerontology, the theory of phenomenology and relevant case studies will be investigated. To highlight implications and limitations for elderly-accessible public space design, reflection will be made regarding the design explorations against the broader discursive arguments.  One of the primary implications of this design-led thesis is for the discourse on elderly-friendly environments. The other implication is an advocacy for designing public space for a wider public interaction. It means taking everyone in the community into equal consideration and creating public space that is equal for every user.</p>

scholarly journals The Concept Of Human2Human In The Response To COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Society Business ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Role Of Information

Civil society, business, and local authorities in Portugal have come together to seek solutions to the challenges posed by COVID-19. This study intends to explore the relevance of these initiatives through five case studies that allow us to understand how these initiatives are organized, to identify the convergent and divergent points between them, and to explore the role of information and communication technologies in these projects. Furthermore, another fundamental objective is to understand how the Human2Human paradigm is implemented in practice and to analyze its relevance as responses to the challenges posed by COVID-19. The results of this study enabled the identification of a set of diversified projects with high impact for professionals who are in the front line in the fight against COVID-19 and for the most vulnerable population, particularly the elderly. This study is especially relevant from a practical point of view by exploring the relevance of these initiatives, by highlighting the need for collaborative work and in multidisciplinary teams, and by encouraging their replication to other countries.

Role of human leukocyte antigen, killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors, and cytokine gene polymorphisms in leptospirosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 915-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Nunes Fialho ◽  
Luís Martins ◽  
João Paulo Pinheiro ◽  
Bruno Filipe Bettencourt ◽  
Ana Rita Couto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Cytokine Gene ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms

scholarly journals Wander of life: An agora to facilitate elderly's autonomous and connected life in Johnsonville

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Yuqi Kong
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Space Design ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Environmental Gerontology ◽  
Public Space Design

<p>New Zealand is experiencing a demographic transitional period when there is increasing percentage of the elder population out of the total. Researches and scholars overseas have investigated in architecture’s role of improving environments for the elderly, primarily from the perspective of disability. However, these considerations which solely come from the physicality point of view and can be easily treated just as after thoughts, sometimes still leaving the elderly in dilemmas.  As an attempt to response to such an issue, this thesis asks if accessible architecture can enable the elderly to be included in public space as community members rather than an isolated group. It aims to explore possibilities of creating accessible public space for elderly, which is also thoughtful towards other community members’ interactions. These explorations are set on the intersection of environmental gerontology* and phenomenology, focus on making space accessibly to the elderly physically, sensorially and psychologically.  To re-introduce the elderly as community members who are as significant as others, the diversity and complexity of their conditions and needs should be considered, which requires the design explorations to be site-specific to avoid over-generalization. To contextualise the question, Johnsonville is chosen as the site for study, thus, the character of local elderly can be considered for appropriate design iterations. To extend current design discourse about the role of architecture in the context of environmental gerontology, the theory of phenomenology and relevant case studies will be investigated. To highlight implications and limitations for elderly-accessible public space design, reflection will be made regarding the design explorations against the broader discursive arguments.  One of the primary implications of this design-led thesis is for the discourse on elderly-friendly environments. The other implication is an advocacy for designing public space for a wider public interaction. It means taking everyone in the community into equal consideration and creating public space that is equal for every user.</p>

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