scholarly journals Mitochondrial Genomes Provide Insights into the Phylogeny of Culicomorpha (Insecta: Diptera)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Zehui Kang ◽  
Shuangmei Ding ◽  
Yuyu Wang ◽  
Chris Borkent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Phylogenomic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
New Family ◽  
Mt Genome

Culicomorpha is a monophyletic group containing most bloodsucking lower dipterans, including many important vectors of pathogens. However, the higher-level phylogenetic relationships within Culicomorpha are largely unresolved, with multiple competing hypotheses based on molecular sequence data. Here we sequenced four nearly complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes representing four culicomorph families, and combined these new data with published mt genomes to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of all eight extant culicomorph families. We estimated phylogenies using four datasets and three methods. We also used four-cluster likelihood mapping to study potential incongruent topologies supported by the different datasets and phylogenetic questions generated by the previous studies. The results showed that a clade containing Ceratopogonidae, Thaumaleidae and Simuliidae was the sister group to all other Culicomorpha; in another clade, the Dixidae was basal to the remaining four families; Chaoboridae, Corethrellidae and Culicidae formed a monophyletic group and the Chironomidae was the sister group to this clade; Culicidae and Corethrellidae were sister groups in all trees. Our study provides novel mt genome data in Culicomorpha for three new family representatives, and the resulting mt phylogenomic analysis helps to resolve the phylogeny and taxonomy of Culicomorpha.

Phylogenetic relationships among nassariid gastropods

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Haasl
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Range Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Family ◽  
Stratigraphic Position

Phylogenetic relationships within the neogastropod family Nassariidae are poorly understood as are relationships between the Nassariidae and other fossil and extant buccinid taxa. The poor resolution of nassariid and buccinoidean relationships is due to: 1) the complex distribution among these gastropods of characters commonly used in classification; 2) a number of Mesozoic and Paleogene genera whose relationships to extant buccinoidean lineages are poorly constrained; and 3) a lack of previous efforts to address these problems on a rigorous, phylogenetic basis.The results of a phylogenetic analysis of nassariid genera did not decisively support the monophyly of the family. The buccinid subfamily Photinae was an extant sister group to the Nassariinae in a phylogenetic analysis of extant taxa and on many cladograms from an analysis combining fossil and extant taxa. In addition, Buccitriton (representing the Paleogene Tritiaria group) was a sister taxon to the Nassariinae in all analyses in which it was included, regardless of the identity of the extant nassariine sister group. This suggests that the photines, which likely arose from a Tritiaria ancestor, are the closest living relatives to the Nassariinae. Many Paleogene fossil “buccinoid” taxa appear to be more distantly related to the Nassariinae and possibly to the rest of the nassariids as well. Stratigraphic range data combined with the results of this study suggest that the Nassariinae diversified rapidly in the early Miocene and achieved a cosmopolitan distribution early in their history. A largely Indo-Pacific subclade was consistently deeply-nested within the Nassariinae, suggesting that nassariines invaded the Indo-Pacific region most recently. The timing of this invasion is difficult to estimate but had occurred by the end of the Miocene. Further analyses using molecular sequence data, relative stratigraphic position, or focusing in more detail on the Paleogene taxa are required to resolve the identity of the sister group to the Nassariinae with greater confidence.

scholarly journals Noteworthy record of the Ethiopian genet, Genetta abyssinica, (Carnivora, Viverridae) from Djibouti informs its phylogenetic position within Genetta

Mammalia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam W. Ferguson ◽  
Houssein R. Roble ◽  
Molly M. McDonough
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractThe molecular phylogeny of extant genets (Carnivora, Viverridae,Genetta) was generated using all species with the exception of the Ethiopian genetGenetta abyssinica. Herein, we provide the first molecular phylogenetic assessment ofG. abyssinicausing molecular sequence data from multiple mitochondrial genes generated from a recent record of this species from the Forêt du Day (the Day Forest) in Djibouti. This record represents the first verified museum specimen ofG. abyssinicacollected in over 60 years and the first specimen with a specific locality for the country of Djibouti. Multiple phylogenetic analyses revealed conflicting results as to the exact relationship ofG. abyssinicato otherGenettaspecies, providing statistical support for a sister relationship to all other extant genets for only a subset of mitochondrial analyses. Despite the inclusion of this species for the first time, phylogenetic relationships amongGenettaspecies remain unclear, with limited nodal support for many species. In addition to providing an alternative hypothesis of the phylogenetic relationships among extant genets, this recent record provides the first complete skeleton of this species to our knowledge and helps to shed light on the distribution and habitat use of this understudied African small carnivore.

Living and fossil placentals

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.S. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Minor Characters ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
Large Sets ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Basal Group

The vast majority of living and fossil mammals are placentals. Today there are about 4,400 species, which are traditionally organised into 18 Orders, with an extra one if the Pinnipedia are separated from the Carnivora, and a twentieth if the recently extinct Malagasy order Bibymalagasia is recognised as such. There have been many attempts to discover supraordinal groupings from amongst these Orders based on morphological characters, though few proposals have been universally accepted. It is only with the advent of increasingly large sets of molecular sequence data in the last few years that a reasonably robust resolution looks imminent, although these contemporary analyses are remarkably and controversially at odds with the traditional ones. Novacek et al. (1988) summarised the then current situation regarding supraordinal classification of placentals, a time at which morphology was still dominant but molecular data was at the threshold of significance. They accepted a basal group Edentata that combined the Xenarthra of the New World with the Pholidota of the Old, based on a few cranial characters, loss of the anterior teeth, and reduction of the enamel of the remaining ones. This left the rest of the living placentals as a monophyletic group Epitheria, sharing such apparently minor characters as the shape of the stapes bone in the ear. They found very little resolution within the Epitheria, and concluded that there was a polychotomy of no less than nine lineages arranged as a ‘star’ phylogeny. No remnant of the previously recognised taxon Ferungulata, created by Simpson (1945) for the Carnivora plus the ungulate orders Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Proboscidea, Hyracoidea, Sirenia, and Tubulidentata remained. On the other hand, three supra ordinal taxa of earlier authors did survive. One was Gregory’s (1910) Archonta, consisting of generally conservative forms and by now composed of the Primates, Dermoptera, Scandentia, and Chiroptera, but excluding the Lipotyphla. The second was Glires, originating with Linnaeus (1758) and widely accepted ever since, for the Rodentia and Lagomorpha; Novacek et al. (1988) tentatively placed the Macroscelidea as the sister-group of the Glires. The third supraordinal taxon recognised was, like Glires, well-established if not universally accepted.

Phylogenetic relationships among Unionicola (Acari: Unionicolidae) mussel-mites of North America based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequences

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2537 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
DALE D. EDWARDS ◽  
MALCOLM F. VIDRINE ◽  
BRIAN R. ERNSTING
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Cox1 Gene ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Gene Trees ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence

Water mites of the genus Unionicola Haldeman, 1842 are common symbionts of molluscs, living on the gills or mantle and foot of their hosts and using these tissues as sites of oviposition. Phylogenetic relationships among species that comprise the genus are poorly understood and what is known has been based on a limited number of morphological and life history characters or molecular sequence data using closely-related taxa. The present study uses sequence data from the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene (664 bp) to reconstruct evolutionary relationships among representative species of North American Unionicola from eight subgenera that occur in symbiotic association with freshwater mussels. Maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analysis yielded trees with similar topologies, and most of the branches have moderate to high bootstrap support. The topologies of these gene trees are mostly congruent with a previously published morphologically-derived tree. Specifically, the gene trees support monophyly among mites from subgenera that occur in association with the gill tissues of host mussels. The molecular trees of Unionicola mites generated by this study must, however, be interpreted with caution, given that the analysis is based exclusively on Unionicola subgenera from North America. A more robust phylogeny of Unionicola mussel-mites will require the addition of molecular sequence data from taxa outside of North America.

scholarly journals Phylogeny and circumscription of Sapindaceae revisited: molecular sequence data, morphology and biogeography support recognition of a new family, Xanthoceraceae

2010 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Buerki ◽  
Porter P. Lowry II ◽  
Nadir Alvarez ◽  
Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison ◽  
Philippe Küpfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
New Family

Revision of Hyalopale (Chrysopetalidae; Phyllodocida; Annelida): an amphi-Atlantic Hyalopale bispinosa species complex and five new species from reefs of the Caribbean Sea and Indo-Pacific Oceans

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4671 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-368
Author(s):  
CHARLOTTE WATSON ◽  
EKIN TILIC ◽  
GREG W. ROUSE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence

The formerly monotypic taxon, Hyalopale bispinosa Perkins 1985 (Chrysopetalinae), is comprised of a cryptic species complex from predominantly tropical embayments and island reefs of the Western Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans. Hyalopale species are of meiofaunal size (length: 1−2.8mm), but considered non-interstitial, with the majority of species inhabiting a singular habitat of shallow littoral zones among algae and epifauna overlying sediments in rubble. Hyalopale adults exhibit notochaetal fans characterized by the presence of lateral and midline notochaetal spines. Species of Hyalopale can be distinguished by the shape of glass-like notochaetal paleae and the number of densely stacked ribs. Hyalopale bispinosa forms a western and eastern Atlantic species complex, comprising the type species, Hyalopale bispinosa s.s., a comparatively larger form with the highest number of notochaetal paleael ribs from Florida, and Hyalopale cf. bispinosa, from the western and eastern Mediterranean, a smaller form with a similar notochaetal morphology to the latter. Unfortunately, no molecular sequence data is available for Hyalopale bispinosa s.s. Five new species are described, with molecular sequence data provided for three: Hyalopale leslieae sp. nov., a small form with a comparatively low number of paleal ribs, found from the Florida Keys to Belize, Caribbean Sea, H. zerofskii sp. nov. from southern California and Mexico, eastern Pacific and H. sapphiriglancyorum sp. nov., a distinctive species with the lowest number of paleael ribs, from Raja Ampat, Indonesia and the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, western Pacific. Two other species are described from morphology alone: H. angeliensis sp. nov. from Dampier, Western Australia and Seychelle Islands, eastern Indian Ocean and H. furfuricula sp. nov. from the Red Sea and Mozambique, western Indian Ocean, possessing a unique paleal brow shape. While well supported as a clade, support for relationships within Hyalopale is low. Hyalopale cf. bispinosa (Mediterranean) was recovered as sister group to the remaining Hyalopale, with H. leslieae sp. nov. as sister to the Hyalopale Pacific clade, comprising H. zerofskii sp. nov. (eastern Pacific) and H. sapphiriglancyorum sp. nov. (western Pacific). Within Chrysopetalinae, Hyalopale and Paleanotus formed a clade that was the sister group to the other paleate chrysopetalids under maximum likelihood, though Paleanotus grouped with the other paleate forms under maximum parsimony. The adult morphology of Hyalopale species is compared with that exhibited in the larvae of Paleanotus species; based on these results, including possession of a shared notochaetal character, Hyalopale is considered to contain paedomorphic taxa. 

Systematics of Bulbostyla, a new subgenus of Sarcophaga Meigen, and change of status for Robackina Lopes (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2553 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARJOLAINE GIROUX ◽  
TERRY A. WHEELER
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New World ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
World Species ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
New Subgenus

Sarcophaga (Bulbostyla) subgen. nov. is described as a new subgenus of Sarcophaga Meigen to accommodate some species previously assigned to the subgenus S. (Neobellieria) Blanchard. Sarcophaga (Bulbostyla) contains nine species: S. airosalis sp. nov., S. cadyi sp. nov. (type species), S. cuautla sp. nov., S. fattigina sp. nov., S. ironalis sp. nov., S. semimarginalis Hall, S. sternalis (Reinhard), S. subdiscalis Aldrich and S. yorkii Parker. All species are described and illustrated and a key to the species is provided. The species within the subgenus are morphologically uniform externally and are distinguished mostly on male genitalic characters. Phylogenetic relationships within Bulbostyla are unresolved based on morphological characters and will require consideration of additional characters, such as molecular sequence data. The genus-group taxon Robackina Lopes is removed from synonymy with the subgenus Sarcophaga (Neobellieria) and reinstated as a valid subgenus of Sarcophaga (stat. nov.) to accommodate the single New World species Sarcophaga triplasia Wulp. A lectotype is designated for S. triplasia. The subgenus and species are redescribed and illustrated.

Evolution and Circumscription of the True Cypresses (Cupressaceae: Cupressus)

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon P. Little
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
World Species ◽  
Old World ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intron 2

Recent phylogenetic investigations of Cupressoideae have found evidence to suggest that Cupressus is not monophyletic. This study tested the division of Cupressus into an Old World clade and a New World clade with complete sampling of the 28 extant species. Data from anatomy, biochemistry, micromorphology, reproductive development, reproductive morphology, and vegetative morphology were combined with molecular sequence data (matK, NEEDLY intron 2, nrITS, rbcL, and trnL) to produce the most complete hypothesis of evolutionary relationships within Cupressoideae to date. Callitropsis, Cupressus, and Juniperus formed a well–supported monophyletic group (100%). Within this clade, the only demonstrably monophyletic genus was Juniperus (100%). Monophyly of the 12 Old World species of Cupressus was well supported (100%). Old World species of Cupressus were sister to Juniperus (99%). Callitropsis and the 16 New World species of Cupressus were resolved as the sister group to the Old World Cupressus plus Juniperus clade (100%), rendering Cupressus polyphyletic. The relationship between Callitropsis and the New World species of Cupressus was not resolved. Based on the results of the combined analysis, generic circumscriptions were modified: Cupressus was restricted exclusively to Old World species and Callitropsis was expanded to include the New World species previously classified as Cupressus (seventeen new combinations in Callitropsis were made).

Review of the genus Odontophora (Nematoda: Axonolaimidae), with a key to valid species and description of Odontophora atrox sp. n. from the New Zealand coast

Nematology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1125-1139
Author(s):  
Daniel Leduc ◽  
Zeng Qi Zhao
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tail Tip ◽  
Globally Distributed

Odontophora is a globally distributed marine nematode genus common in intertidal and subtidal sediments. Odontophora is one of the most diverse genus of the family Axonolaimidae with over 30 valid species described to date; however, the last revision of the genus was made over four decades ago. In addition, limited molecular sequence data are available for the Axonolaimidae and relationships among axonolaimid genera have not yet been investigated using molecular tools. Here, an updated list of species and a key for the identification of all 34 valid species is provided, and preliminary analyses of phylogenetic relationships within the Axonolaimidae are conducted using SSU and D2-D3 of LSU molecular sequences. Odontophora atrox sp. n. is described from intertidal sediments of Wellington, North Island of New Zealand, and is characterised by cephalic setae 1.1-1.5 corresponding body diam. long, 12 subcephalic setae, eight of which are slightly shorter and four of which are markedly shorter than the cephalic setae, excretory pore located slightly posterior to the amphids, and nerve ring located at two-thirds to three-quarters of pharynx length from anterior. Males are characterised by weakly arcuate spicules and tapering gubernacular apophyses, 9-10 small tubular precloacal supplements, cloacal aperture flanked by two sets of heavily cuticularised and eversible spines, and two elongated laterodorsal setae near the tail tip. Preliminary analyses of phylogenetic relationships within the Axonolaimidae provide some support for the monophyly of Odontophora, but drawing more solid inferences about relationships within the Axonolaimidae will require more molecular sequence data of accurately (and verifiably) identified species.

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