scholarly journals Enhanced Ganoderic Acids Accumulation and Transcriptional Responses of Biosynthetic Genes in Ganoderma lucidum Fruiting Bodies by Elicitation Supplementation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 2830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Meng ◽  
Xiaoran Bai ◽  
Shaoyan Zhang ◽  
Mengfei Zhang ◽  
Sen Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Biosynthetic Genes ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Ganoderic Acids ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Calcineurin Signaling

Ganoderic acids (GAs) are a type of highly oxygenated lanostane-type triterpenoids that are responsible for the pharmacological activities of Ganoderma lucidum. They have been investigated for their biological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, anti-HIV-1, antioxidation, and cholesterol reduction functions. Inducer supplementation is viewed as a promising technology for the production of GAs. This study found that supplementation with sodium acetate (4 mM) significantly increased the GAs content of fruiting bodies by 28.63% compared to the control. In order to explore the mechanism of ganoderic acid accumulation, the transcriptional responses of key GAs biosynthetic genes, including the acetyl coenzyme A synthase gene, and the expression levels of genes involved in calcineurin signaling and acetyl-CoA content have been analyzed. The results showed that the expression of three key GAs biosynthetic genes (hmgs, fps, and sqs) were significantly up-regulated. Analysis indicated that the acetate ion increased the expression of genes related to acetic acid assimilation and increased GAs biosynthesis, thereby resulting in the accumulation of GAs. Further investigation of the expression levels of genes involved in calcineurin signaling revealed that Na+ supplementation and the consequent exchange of Na+/Ca2+ induced GAs biosynthesis. Overall, this study indicates a feasible new approach of utilizing sodium acetate elicitation for the enhanced production of valuable GAs content in G. lucidum, and also provided the primary mechanism of GAs accumulation.

scholarly journals Possibility of modernization of Ganoderma lucidum strains substrate

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Maszlavér ◽  
D. Kovácsné ◽  
K. Ferenc ◽  
E. Fehérvári-Póczik
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Ganoderic Acids ◽  
Medicinal Compounds

Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi mushroom), the object of our experiments, is also known to contain medicinal compounds. This fungus has been used for many centuries as medicine in China. The fruiting body of the fungus contains carbohydrates, amino acids, little protein, fat, alkaloids, vitamins and minerals. Two groups of its substances are reported to be effective particularly. One of them is constituted by the polysaccharides, whose antitumor and immunostimulating effects are well demonstrated, and the other is constituted by the triterpenes. The latter include ganoderic acids, ganolucidic acids and lucideric acids. These acids have been reported to suppress liver hyperactivity (Lelley 1999). The experiment was carried out with 8 Reishi mushroom strains in 3 repetitions. Experiments were performed on 3 different substrates The spawn run period took approximately 2 weeks, the first fruiting bodies appeared on the 33rd day from inoculation, but the formation of the fruiting bodies took almost 70 days on the different substrates. Spawn run presented a diversified picture as influenced by the specific substrates. No spawn run was seen with any of the strains on the substrate composed of 100% wheat straw. Among the strains the fastest spawn run was produced by GA02 and GA06. The earliest start of spawn run was registered for substrate 1 after 1 week.

scholarly journals Postharvest Drying Techniques Regulate Secondary Metabolites and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Activities of Ganoderma lucidum

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4484
Author(s):  
Nooruddin-bin Sadiq ◽  
Da-Hye Ryu ◽  
Jwa-Yeong Cho ◽  
A-Hyeon Lee ◽  
Dae-Geun Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Map Kinase ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Fructose Bisphosphate ◽  
Primary Metabolite ◽  
Ganoderic Acids ◽  
Bv2 Cells ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Bv2 Microglia

Ganoderma lucidum extract is a potent traditional remedy for curing various ailments. Drying is the most important postharvest step during the processing of Ganoderma lucidum. The drying process mainly involves heat (36 h at 60 °C) and freeze-drying (36 h at −80 °C). We investigated the effects of different postharvest drying protocols on the metabolites profiling of Ganoderma lucidum using GC-MS, followed by an investigation of the anti-neuroinflammatory potential in LPS-treated BV2 microglial cells. A total of 109 primary metabolites were detected from heat and freeze-dried samples. Primary metabolite profiling showed higher levels of amino acids (17.4%) and monosaccharides (8.8%) in the heat-dried extracts, whereas high levels of organic acids (64.1%) were present in the freeze-dried samples. The enzymatic activity, such as ATP-citrate synthase, pyruvate kinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatase dehydrogenase, glutamine synthase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, and D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, related to the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle were significantly high in the heat-dried samples. We also observed a decreased phosphorylation level of the MAP kinase (Erk1/2, p38, and JNK) and NF-κB subunit p65 in the heat-dried samples of the BV2 microglia cells. The current study suggests that heat drying improves the production of ganoderic acids by the upregulation of TCA-related pathways, which, in turn, gives a significant reduction in the inflammatory response of LPS-induced BV2 cells. This may be attributed to the inhibition of NF-κB and MAP kinase signaling pathways in cells treated with heat-dried extracts.

scholarly journals Optimization of Culture Condition for Ganoderic Acid Production in Ganoderma lucidum Liquid Static Culture and Design of a Suitable Bioreactor

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaosheng Hu ◽  
Manhuayun Zhai ◽  
Rong Niu ◽  
Xiaoqiang Xu ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Ganoderic Acid ◽  
Static Culture ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Liquid Static Culture

Ganoderma lucidum, a famous medicinal mushroom used worldwide, is a rich source of triterpenoids which, together with polysaccharides, are believed to be the main effective constituents of G. lucidum. With the increase of market demand, the wild resource is facing serious limitations, and the quality of cultivated fruiting bodies can be seriously affected by the availability of wood resources and by cultivation management practices. In the present study, we aimed to develop an alternative way to produce useful triterpenoids from G. lucidum. We cultured the strain using a two-stage liquid culture strategy and investigated the effects of nitrogen limitation, carbon supply, static culture volume and air supply in the static culture stage on the accumulation of five triterpenoids (GA-P, GA-Q, GA-T, GA-S, GA-R). Our results showed that, under optimized condition, the total yield of the five triterpenoids reached 963 mg/L (as determined by HPLC). Among the five triterpenoids, GA-T accounted for about 75% of the total yield. Besides, a bioreactor suitable for fungal liquid static culture with a 10 L extensible plastic bag shaped culture unit was designed and in which the maximum total yield of the five GAs reached 856.8 mg/L, and the GAs content reached 5.99%. Our results demonstrate the potential of industrial application of G. lucidum culture for the production of triterpenoids, especially GA-T. Air supply significantly improved the accumulation of triterpenoids, and this will provide important clues to understand why more triterpenoids are produced in the mycelia mat under static liquid culture conditions.

scholarly journals Lanostane-type Triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum and G. multipileum Fruiting Bodies

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801301
Author(s):  
Pham Thanh Binh ◽  
Nguyen Phuong Thao ◽  
Nguyen Thi Luyen ◽  
Duong Thu Trang ◽  
Phung Thi Xuan Binh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Fruiting Bodies

Sixteen lanostane-type triterpeneoids were isolated from the fruiting bodies of wild Ganoderma lucidum and G. multipileum. The new structures 3 S,24 S,25,26-tetrahydroxy-5α-lanost-8-en-11-one (1) and ganodermanondiol 24,25-acetonide (10) were elucidated by means of spectroscopic data and Mosher's experiments. Lanosta-7,9(11)-dien-3β-ol (9) strongly inhibited α-glucosidase with the IC50 values of 198.8 μM in compared with acarbose (IC50 712.4 μM).

scholarly journals Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.: Fr.) Karst. – health-promoting properties. A review

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Siwulski ◽  
Krzysztof Sobieralski ◽  
Iwona Golak-Siwulska ◽  
Sławomir Sokół ◽  
Agnieszka Sękara
Keyword(s):  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Active Substances

SummaryThis paper presents the characteristics of the speciesGanoderma lucidumin terms of health-promoting properties. This species is rare in Poland, and is subject to strict protection. Reishi is classified as a medicinal mushroom which fruiting bodies are characterized by a content of active substances with diverse positive effects on human health.G. lucidumis particularly rich source of bioactive compounds, which are obtained from fruiting bodies, mycelium and spores of this species. The therapeutic effect ofG. lucidumextracts has been demonstrated in many scientific studies. The most important pharmacological and physiological effects include: immunomodulatory, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-atherosclerosis, antidiabetic and anti-aging. Reishi has also a beneficial effect on liver cells and the cardiovascular system and protects in case of stomach ulcers. Due to its propertiesG. lucidumcan be used in the prevention and treatment of life-threatening diseases, such as cancer, stroke and heart diseases.

scholarly journals Improved ganoderic acids production in Ganoderma lucidum by wood decaying components

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanru Hu ◽  
Shakeel Ahmed ◽  
Jiawei Li ◽  
Biaobiao Luo ◽  
Zengyan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Ganoderic Acids

scholarly journals Enhancement of Ganoderic Acid Accumulation by Overexpression of an N-Terminally Truncated 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Gene in the Basidiomycete Ganoderma lucidum

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (22) ◽  
pp. 7968-7976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Wei Xu ◽  
Yi-Ning Xu ◽  
Jian-Jiang Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Selection Marker ◽  
Transformation System ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Ganoderic Acid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ganoderic Acids ◽  
Coenzyme A Reductase

ABSTRACTGanoderic acids produced byGanoderma lucidum, a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal mushroom, exhibit antitumor and antimetastasis activities. Genetic modification ofG. lucidumis difficult but critical for the enhancement of cellular accumulation of ganoderic acids. In this study, a homologous genetic transformation system forG. lucidumwas developed for the first time using mutatedsdhB, encoding the iron-sulfur protein subunit of succinate dehydrogenase, as a selection marker. The truncatedG. lucidumgene encoding the catalytic domain of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) was overexpressed by using theAgrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system. The results showed that the mutatedsdhBsuccessfully conferred carboxin resistance upon transformation. Most of the integrated transfer DNA (T-DNA) appeared as a single copy in the genome. Moreover, deregulated constitutive overexpression of the HMGR gene led to a 2-fold increase in ganoderic acid content. It also increased the accumulation of intermediates (squalene and lanosterol) and the upregulation of downstream genes such as those of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, squalene synthase, and lanosterol synthase. This study demonstrates that transgenic basidiomyceteG. lucidumis a promising system to achieve metabolic engineering of the ganoderic acid pathway.

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