scholarly journals Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.: Fr.) Karst. – health-promoting properties. A review

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Siwulski ◽  
Krzysztof Sobieralski ◽  
Iwona Golak-Siwulska ◽  
Sławomir Sokół ◽  
Agnieszka Sękara
Keyword(s):  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Active Substances

SummaryThis paper presents the characteristics of the speciesGanoderma lucidumin terms of health-promoting properties. This species is rare in Poland, and is subject to strict protection. Reishi is classified as a medicinal mushroom which fruiting bodies are characterized by a content of active substances with diverse positive effects on human health.G. lucidumis particularly rich source of bioactive compounds, which are obtained from fruiting bodies, mycelium and spores of this species. The therapeutic effect ofG. lucidumextracts has been demonstrated in many scientific studies. The most important pharmacological and physiological effects include: immunomodulatory, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-atherosclerosis, antidiabetic and anti-aging. Reishi has also a beneficial effect on liver cells and the cardiovascular system and protects in case of stomach ulcers. Due to its propertiesG. lucidumcan be used in the prevention and treatment of life-threatening diseases, such as cancer, stroke and heart diseases.

scholarly journals Putative Repurposing of Lamivudine, a Nucleoside/Nucleotide Analogue and Antiretroviral to Improve the Outcome of Cancer and COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
José J. García-Trejo ◽  
Raquel Ortega ◽  
Mariel Zarco-Zavala
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Reactivation ◽  
Anticancer Chemotherapy ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Prevention Of Cancer ◽  
Cancerous Cells ◽  
Hiv 1

Lamivudine, also widely known as 3TC belongs to a family of nucleotide/nucleoside analogues of cytidine or cytosine that inhibits the Reverse Transcriptase (RT) of retroviruses such as HIV. Lamivudine is currently indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection or for chronic Hepatitis B (HBV) virus infection associated with evidence of hepatitis B viral replication and active liver inflammation. HBV reactivation in patients with HBV infections who receive anticancer chemotherapy can be a life-threatening complication during and after the completion of chemotherapy. Lamivudine is used, as well as other antiretrovirals, to prevent the reactivation of the Hepatitis B virus during and after chemotherapy. In addition, Lamivudine has been shown to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy. Lamivudine and other similar analogues also have direct positive effects in the prevention of cancer in hepatitis B or HIV positive patients, independently of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Recently, it has been proposed that Lamivudine might be also repurposed against SARS-CoV-2 in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this review we first examine recent reports on the re-usage of Lamivudine or 3TC against the SARS-CoV-2, and we present docking evidence carried out in silico suggesting that Lamivudine may bind and possibly work as an inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp RNA polymerase. We also evaluate and propose assessment of repurposing Lamivudine as anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-COVID-19 antiviral. Secondly, we summarize the published literature on the use of Lamivudine or (3TC) before or during chemotherapy to prevent reactivation of HBV, and examine reports of enhanced effectiveness of radiotherapy in combination with Lamivudine treatment against the cancerous cells or tissues. We show that the anti-cancer properties of Lamivudine are well established, whereas its putative anti-COVID effect is under investigation. The side effects of lamivudine and the appearance of resistance to 3TC are also discussed.

Resveratrol: A new potential therapeutic agent for melanoma?

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Hossein Pourhanifeh ◽  
Kazem Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi ◽  
Mohammad Goodarzi ◽  
Sara G.M. Piccirillo ◽  
Alimohammad Shafiee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Apoptosis Inducer ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
First Time

: Melanoma is the most life-threatening and aggressive class of skin malignancies. The incidence of melanoma has steadily increased. Metastatic melanoma is greatly resistant to standard anti-melanomatreatments such as chemotherapy, and 5-year survival rate of cases with melanoma who have metastatic form of disease is less than 10%. The contributing role of apoptosis, angiogenesis and autophagy in the pathophysiology of melanoma has been previously demonstrated. Thus, it is extremely urgent to search for complementary therapeutic approachesthat couldenhance the quality of life of subjects and reduce treatment resistance and adverse effects. Resveratrol, known as a polyphenol component present in grapes and some plants, has anti-cancer properties due to its function as an apoptosis inducer in tumor cells, and anti-angiogenic agent to prevent metastasis. However, more clinical trials should be conducted to prove resveratrol efficacy. : Herein, for first time, we summarize current knowledge of anti-cancerous activities of resveratrol in melanoma.

Effects of Minor Compounds of Edible Oils on Human Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1196-1208
Author(s):  
Ramin Ghodsi ◽  
Rahmat Nosrati
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Minor Compounds ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Background: Oils and fats are the densest sources of food energy among food groups. Vegetable oils are constituted predominantly of triglycerides. Due to the importance of edible oils in nutrition, food industry and human health, great attention has been paid to them in recent years. Some minor bioactive constituents in oils include phospholipids, tocols, sterols, carotenoid, chlorophyll, phenols, phylokynon and terpenes. Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine beneficial effects of minor compounds in edible oils on human health. Results: Minor compounds of edible oils that we use daily can produce remarkable results in the prevention and treatment of various diseases like diabetes, inflammation, hypertension, cancer, allergy and central nervous system disorders due to their antimicrobial, anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammation, anti-mutagenic, hypolipidemic, and hypoglycemic properties, among others. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the presence of beneficial minor compounds in oils could have significant impact on the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Therefore, the type of consumed oil can play an important role in human health.

scholarly journals Wine-Derived Phenolic Metabolites in the Digestive and Brain Function

Beverages ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Zorraquín-Peña ◽  
Adelaida Esteban-Fernández ◽  
Dolores González de Llano ◽  
Begoña Bartolomé ◽  
M. Moreno-Arribas
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Neuronal Response ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Phenolic Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Complexity ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Wine Polyphenols ◽  
Health Promoting

Wine, and specifically red wine, is a beverage with a great chemical complexity comprising a particular combination of phenolic compounds which are directly associated with its health-promoting properties. Wine polyphenols could induce changes in the composition of intestinal microbiota that would affect the production of physiologically active phenolic metabolites modifying the content and phenolic profile at the systemic level. In addition, in the human population, it seems that different “metabotypes”, or patterns of metabolizing wine polyphenols, exist, which would be reflected in the different biological fluids (i.e., plasma, urine and feces) and tissues of the human body. Moreover, wine polyphenols might change the composition of oral microbiota by an antimicrobial action and/or by inhibition of the adhesion of pathogens to oral cells, thus contributing to the maintenance of oral health. In turn, polyphenols and/or its metabolites could have a direct action on brain function, by positively affecting signaling routes involved in stress-induced neuronal response, as well as by preventing neuroticism-like disorders (i.e., anxiety and depression) through anti-inflammatory and epigenetic mechanisms. All of this would condition the positive effects on health derived from moderate wine consumption. This paper reviews all these topics, which are directly related with the effects of wine polyphenols at both digestive and brain level. Further progresses expected in the coming years in these fields are also discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Phlorotannins Isolated From Eisenia bicyclis on Melanogenesis in Mouse B16 Melanoma Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2110192
Author(s):  
Yuki Ohno ◽  
Shiori Kondo ◽  
Kiho Tajima ◽  
Toshiyuki Shibata ◽  
Tomohiro Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
B16 Melanoma ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Eisenia Bicyclis ◽  
Melanin Production ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
B16 Melanoma Cells ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Tyrosinase Related Protein

Phlorotannins isolated from brown algae, such as Eisena bicyclis, have positive physiological effects, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-Alzheimer’s disease. Although phlorotannins have been shown to inhibit tyrosinase, an enzyme essential for melanogenesis, their effect on melanogenesis remains unexplored. Thus, we isolated phlorotannins from E. bicyclis and examined their effects on α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced melanogenesis in murine B16 melanoma cells. Both fucofuroeckol-A (FF-A) and phlorofucofuroeckol-A (PFF-A) suppressed α-MSH-induced melanogenesis. Neither inhibited human tyrosinase (TYR) activity, but both inhibited tyrosinase-related protein-2 activity. FF-A downregulated the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and TYR, which subsequently suppressed melanin production. These results suggest that phlorotannins could be beneficial as melanin control drugs for hyperpigmentation disorders.

scholarly journals Autoimmune Responses in Oncology: Causes and Significance

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8030
Author(s):  
Halin Bareke ◽  
Pablo Juanes-Velasco ◽  
Alicia Landeira-Viñuela ◽  
Angela-Patricia Hernandez ◽  
Juan Jesús Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Protein Microarrays ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Considerable Impact

Specific anti-tumor immune responses have proven to be pivotal in shaping tumorigenesis and tumor progression in solid cancers. These responses can also be of an autoimmune nature, and autoantibodies can sometimes be present even before the onset of clinically overt disease. Autoantibodies can be generated due to mutated gene products, aberrant expression and post-transcriptional modification of proteins, a pro-immunogenic milieu, anti-cancer treatments, cross-reactivity of tumor-specific lymphocytes, epitope spreading, and microbiota-related and genetic factors. Understanding these responses has implications for both basic and clinical immunology. Autoantibodies in solid cancers can be used for early detection of cancer as well as for biomarkers of prognosis and treatment response. High-throughput techniques such as protein microarrays make parallel detection of multiple autoantibodies for increased specificity and sensitivity feasible, affordable, and quick. Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatments and has made a considerable impact on reducing cancer-associated morbidity and mortality. However, immunotherapeutic interventions such as immune checkpoint inhibition can induce immune-related toxicities, which can even be life-threatening. Uncovering the reasons for treatment-induced autoimmunity can lead to fine-tuning of cancer immunotherapy approaches to evade toxic events while inducing an effective anti-tumor immune response.

Kolaviron, a Biflavonoid Compound: Pharmacological activity and Therapeutic Efficacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damilare Rotimi ◽  
Jennifer Chidubem Amanze ◽  
Adebola Busola Ojo ◽  
Matthew Iyobhebhe ◽  
Tobiloba Christiana Elebiyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Garcinia Kola ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Grown Plant ◽  
Viable Treatment

Abstract: The use of herbal remedies for medicinal purposes is becoming more popular around the world. As a result, plants have become viable treatment options for a variety of diseases. Garcinia kola (bitter kola) is a perennially grown plant in the Guttiferae family that has been evaluated and reported to have numerous health-promoting properties. Kolaviron is a biflavanoid and major phytochemical found in Garcinia kola that includes Garcinia Biflavanoid-1 (GB-1), kolaflavanone, and Garcinia Biflavanoid-2 (GB-2). It is obtained as a fraction extracted from Garcinia kola. Kolaviron's pharmacological properties include anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, ameliorative, anti-asthmatic, anti-cancer, anti-malarial, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-atherogenic, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, and anti-amnesic properties. Kolaviron is recommended for use in clinical settings because it has been shown to have a high therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials. The purpose of this review is to assess the therapeutic efficacy of kolaviron.

scholarly journals Medicinal herbs with anti-depressant effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahbubeh Setorki
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Echium Amoenum

Depression is a life-threatening chronic illness which affects people worldwide. Drugs used to treat this disease have multiple side effects and may cause drug-drug or drug-food interactions. Additionally, only 30% of patients respond adequately to the existing drugs and the remaining do not achieve complete recovery. Thus, finding effective treatments that have adequate efficacy, fewer side effects and lower cost seem to be necessary. The purpose of this study was to review animal and double-blind clinical studies on the anti-depressant effects of medicinal herbs. In this study, validated scientific articles indexed in PubMed, SID, Web of Science and Scopus databases were reviewed. A database search was performed using the following terms: clinical trials, depression, major depressive disorder, essential oil, extract and medicinal plant. Positive effects of a number of herbs and their active compounds such as St John’s-wort, saffron, turmeric, ginkgo, chamomile, valerian, Lavender, Echium amoenum and Rhodiola rosea L. in improvement of symptoms of mild, moderate or major depression have been shown in clinical trials. The above plants show antidepressant effects and have fewer side effects than synthetic drugs. Hence, they have the potential to treat patients with depression.

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