Mutation of YL Results in a Yellow Leaf with Chloroplast RNA Editing Defect in Soybean

RNA editing plays a key role in organelle gene expression. Little is known about how RNA editing factors influence soybean plant development. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a soybean yl (yellow leaf) mutant. The yl plants showed decreased chlorophyll accumulation, lower PS II activity, an impaired net photosynthesis rate, and an altered chloroplast ultrastructure. Fine mapping of YL uncovered a point mutation in Glyma.20G187000, which encodes a chloroplast-localized protein homologous to Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) ORRM1. YL is mainly expressed in trifoliate leaves, and its deficiency affects the editing of multiple chloroplast RNA sites, leading to inferior photosynthesis in soybean. Taken together, these results demonstrate the importance of the soybean YL protein in chloroplast RNA editing and photosynthesis.

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Characteristics and molecular mapping of a novel chlorophyll-deficient yellow-leaf mutant in rice

Hereditas (Beijing) ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1005.2012.00223 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 223-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chao-Hui LIU ◽

Xiao-Yan LI ◽

Jian-Hui ZHANG ◽

Dong-Zhi LIN ◽

Yan-Jun DONG

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mapping ◽

Yellow Leaf ◽

Leaf Mutant

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MORF2 tightly associates with MORF9 to regulate chloroplast RNA editing in Arabidopsis

Plant Science ◽

10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.10.020 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 278 ◽

pp. 64-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Chao Huang ◽

Zi-Ran Li ◽

Qing-Bo Yu ◽

Lin-Shan Ye ◽

Yong-Lan Cui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rna Editing ◽

Chloroplast Rna

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Genome-Wide Analysis of Multiple Organellar RNA Editing Factor (MORF) Family in Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) Reveals Its Roles in Chloroplast RNA Editing and Pathogens Stress

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants11020146 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 146

Author(s):

Yuhong Xiong ◽

Jing Fang ◽

Xiaohan Jiang ◽

Tengfei Wang ◽

Kangchen Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rna Editing ◽

Chloroplast Development ◽

Structural Features ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Actinidia Chinensis ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Good Taste ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Solid Foundation ◽

Chloroplast Rna

Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) is well known for its high vitamin C content and good taste. Various diseases, especially bacterial canker, are a serious threat to the yield of kiwifruit. Multiple organellar RNA editing factor (MORF) genes are pivotal factors in the RNA editosome that mediates Cytosine-to-Uracil RNA editing, and they are also indispensable for the regulation of chloroplast development, plant growth, and response to stresses. Although the kiwifruit genome has been released, little is known about MORF genes in kiwifruit at the genome-wide level, especially those involved in the response to pathogens stress. In this study, we identified ten MORF genes in the kiwifruit genome. The genomic structures and chromosomal locations analysis indicated that all the MORF genes consisted of three conserved motifs, and they were distributed widely across the seven linkage groups and one contig of the kiwifruit genome. Based on the structural features of MORF proteins and the topology of the phylogenetic tree, the kiwifruit MORF gene family members were classified into six groups (Groups A–F). A synteny analysis indicated that two pairs of MORF genes were tandemly duplicated and five pairs of MORF genes were segmentally duplicated. Moreover, based on analysis of RNA-seq data from five tissues of kiwifruit, we found that both expressions of MORF genes and chloroplast RNA editing exhibited tissue-specific patterns. MORF2 and MORF9 were highly expressed in leaf and shoot, and may be responsible for chloroplast RNA editing, especially the ndhB genes. We also observed different MORF expression and chloroplast RNA editing profiles between resistant and susceptible kiwifruits after pathogen infection, indicating the roles of MORF genes in stress response by modulating the editing extend of mRNA. These results provide a solid foundation for further analyses of the functions and molecular evolution of MORF genes, in particular, for clarifying the resistance mechanisms in kiwifruits and breeding new cultivars with high resistance.

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Photosynthesis sensitivity to NH4+-N change with nitrogen fertilizer type

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/7418-pse ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 60 (No. 6) ◽

pp. 274-279 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A. Nasraoui-Hajaji ◽

H. Gouia

Keyword(s):

Net Photosynthesis ◽

Dry Weight ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Photochemical Quenching ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Ps Ii ◽

Chl A ◽

Inhibitory Site ◽

Tomato Growth ◽

Non Photochemical Quenching

N-fertilization type affected differently tomato growth. In the field experiment, hydroponic cultures were conducted using NO3-N (5 mmol); mixture of KNO3-N (3 mmol) and (NH4)2SO4-N (2 mmol); NH4+-N (5 mmol) or urea (5 mmol) as nitrogen source. Compared to nitrate, ammonium and urea had negative effects on morphology and dry matter production. Effects of the different nitrogen forms were investigated by measuring several photosynthesis parameters and chl a fluorescence. Two different significant types of reaction were found. When nitrogen was added as ammonium or urea, dry weight, chlorophyll tenor, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic activity were inhibited. Supply of ammonium or urea, reduced the ratio (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching and enhanced the non photochemical quenching. These data suggest that the adverse decrease in tomato growth under ammonium or urea supply may be related principally to inhibition of net photosynthesis activity. The high non photochemical quenching shown in tomato fed with ammonium or urea indicated that PS II was the inhibitory site of NH4+-N which was directly uptaken by roots, or librated via urea hydrolysis cycle.

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The Evolution of Chloroplast RNA Editing

Molecular Biology and Evolution ◽

10.1093/molbev/msl054 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 1912-1921 ◽

Cited By ~ 98

Author(s):

Michael Tillich ◽

Pascal Lehwark ◽

Brian R. Morton ◽

Uwe G. Maier

Keyword(s):

Rna Editing ◽

Chloroplast Rna

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Thermal Adaptation of Pennisetum: Leaf Structure and Composition

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp9770541 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 541 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

CJ Pearson ◽

DG Bishop ◽

M Vesk

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Temperature Sensitivity ◽

Thermal Adaptation ◽

Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽

Lipid Phase ◽

Genotypic Differences ◽

Lipid Phase Transitions ◽

Chlorophyll Accumulation ◽

Chlorophyll Distribution ◽

Lower Temperature

Studies were made of the effects of growth temperatures and transition to colder temperature on chloroplast ultrastructure, chlorophyll accumulation, lipids and protein of two Pennisetum americanum cultivars and a P. americanum × P. purpureum biotype which differed in temperature sensitivity. All genotypes had structure and chlorophyll distribution consistent with NADP-malic enzyme C4 systems and lipid phase transitions at temperatures similar to those of other 'chilling-sensitive' plants. All accumulated less starch at low temperature and there was mobilization of starch, aggregation of thylakoids in mesophyll chloroplasts and swelling of loculi on transition from 24/19 to 18/13°C. Intolerance of Pennisetum to low temperature was clearly not due to accumulation of starch, nor were genotypic differences in temperature sensitivity related to starch. The cold susceptibility of cv. Ingrid Pearl, in contrast with the tolerance of the intraspecific and interspecific hybrids, was associated with inability to accumulate chlorophyll in the mesophyll of some leaves; fluctuations in chlorophyll a/b ratios within 5 days of transition to lower temperature; and inability to accumulate higher concentrations of soluble proteins in apparently normal leaves grown at 18/13°C. Genotypic differences in temperature sensitivity did not appear related to the physical properties of membranes, which did not change within 5 days of transition to 18/13°C.

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A blueberry MIR156a–SPL12 module coordinates the accumulation of chlorophylls and anthocyanins during fruit ripening

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/eraa327 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (19) ◽

pp. 5976-5989

Author(s):

Xuyan Li ◽

Yanming Hou ◽

Xin Xie ◽

Hongxue Li ◽

Xiaodong Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Color Change ◽

Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽

Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽

Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽

Chlorophyll Degradation ◽

Chlorophyll Metabolism ◽

Functional Roles ◽

Chlorophyll Accumulation ◽

Insight Into ◽

Fruit Stage

Abstract Color change is an important event during fruit maturation in blueberry, usually depending on chlorophyll degradation and anthocyanin accumulation. MicroRNA156 (miR156)–SPL modules are an important group of regulatory hubs involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. However, little is known regarding their roles in blueberry or in chlorophyll metabolism during color change. In this study, a MIR156 gene (VcMIR156a) was experimentally identified in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum). Overexpression of VcMIR156a in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) enhanced anthocyanin biosynthesis and chlorophyll degradation in the stem by altering pigment-associated gene expression. Further investigation indicated that the VcSPL12 transcript could be targeted by miR156, and showed the reverse accumulation patterns during blueberry fruit development and maturation. Noticeably, VcSPL12 was highly expressed at green fruit stages, while VcMIR156a transcripts mainly accumulated at the white fruit stage when expression of VcSPL12 was dramatically decreased, implying that VcMIR156a–VcSPL12 is a key regulatory hub during fruit coloration. Moreover, VcSPL12 decreased the expression of several anthocyanin biosynthetic and regulatory genes, and a yeast two-hybrid assay indicated that VcSPL12 interacted with VcMYBPA1. Intriguingly, expression of VcSPL12 significantly enhanced chlorophyll accumulation and altered the expression of several chlorophyll-associated genes. Additionally, the chloroplast ultrastructure was altered by the expression of VcMIR156a and VcSPL12. These findings provide a novel insight into the functional roles of miR156–SPLs in plants, especially in blueberry fruit coloration.

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