scholarly journals In Vitro Antagonistic Effect of Gut Bacteriota Isolated from Indigenous Honey Bees and Essential Oils against Paenibacillus Larvae

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslava Kačániová ◽  
Margarita Terentjeva ◽  
Jana Žiarovská ◽  
Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Paenibacillus Larvae ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Microbial Groups ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of study was to isolate and identify the gut bacteria of Apis mellifera and to evaluate antagonistic effect of the bacteriota against Paenibacillus larvae, which causes American foulbrood (AFB) in honeybees. The dilution plating method was used for the quantification of selected microbial groups from digestive tract of bees, with an emphasis on the bacteriota of the bees’ intestines. Bacteria were identified using mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS Biotyper). Overall, five classes, 27 genera and 66 species of bacteria were identified. Genera Lactobacillus (10 species) and Bacillus (8 species) were the most abundant. Gram-negative bacteria were represented with 16 genera, whereas Gram-positive with 10 genera. Delftia acidovorans and Escherichia coli were the most abundant in the digestive tract of honey bee. Resistance to a selection of antimicrobials was assessed for the bacterial isolates from bee gut and confirmed against all antimicrobials included in the study, with the exception of cefepime. Lactobacillus spp., especially L. kunkeei, L. crispatus and L. acidophilus. showed the strongest antimicrobial activity against P. larvae, the causal pathogen of AFB. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils against isolated bacteria and two isolates of P. larvae were assessed. Application of a broad selection of plant essential oils indicated that Thymus vulgaris had the highest antimicrobial activity against P. larvae.

scholarly journals In Vitro Susceptibility of Multidrug Resistant Strains of Salmonella to Essential Oils

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1987890
Author(s):  
Valeria Listorti ◽  
Roberta Battistini ◽  
Carlo Ercolini ◽  
Clara Tramuta ◽  
Elisabetta Razzuoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Resistant Strains

Antimicrobial resistance has become a global threat to public health. There is a critical need to find new antimicrobial substances from natural sources. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of essential oils (EOs) obtained from Origanum vulgare, Thymus serpyllum, Thymus vulgaris, and Melaleuca alternifolia against multidrug resistant strains of Salmonella isolated from samples of diverse animal origin. The strains were biochemically identified, serotyped, and characterized for their antimicrobial resistance profiles. The antimicrobial activity of the EOs against the strains was evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method, followed by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentrations. The EOs of T. serpyllum and O. vulgare, which contain carvacrol as the main compound, show excellent antimicrobial activity.

scholarly journals Thymus vulgaris (red thyme) and Caryophyllus aromaticus (clove) essential oils to control spoilage microorganisms in pork under modified atmosphere

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena D'Amato ◽  
Giovanni Mazzarrino ◽  
Chiara Rossi ◽  
Annalisa Serio ◽  
Clemencia Chaves López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Fresh Meat ◽  
The Matrix

In recent years, it has been confirmed that essential oils (EOs) exert antimicrobial activity as they are able to inhibit cell growth and inactivate microbial cells. The application of biopreservation strategies by means of EOs opens up interesting perspectives in the food industry, including meat production. The paper aims to evaluate the effects of <em>Thymus vulgaris</em> (red thyme) and <em>Caryophyllus aromaticus</em> (cloves) EOs on the development of the spoilage population of fresh pork packaged under modified atmosphere (MAP). In particular, the research was focused on <em>Brochothrix thermosphacta</em>, a specific spoilage microorganism of fresh meat packed in anaerobic conditions or under MAP. Amongst seven EOs, those that showed the highest antimicrobial activity on 5 <em>B. thermosphacta</em> strains <em>in vitro</em> were: cloves [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 0.6-2.5 mg/mL], savory (MIC 2.5-5.0 mg/mL), and red thyme (MIC 2.5 to 20 mg/mL). Red thyme and cloves EOs were selected for meat treatment, by increasing the dose at 20 and 40 mg/mL respectively, to take into account the matrix effect that can reduce EO availability. In spite of the minor efficacy observed <em>in vitro</em>, 40 mg/mL red thyme EO strongly limited the growth of <em>B. thermosphacta</em> in pork samples up to day 6 of storage [below 3.0 Log colony forming unit (CFU)/g, starting from 2.0 Log CFU/g at time 0], and exerted an antimicrobial effect also on the aerobic mesophilic count. Good results were obtained also with 20 mg/mL red thyme EO. The control of <em>B. thermosphacta</em> growth through EOs encourages research on alternative methods for extending the shelf life of fresh meat under MAP.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of a selection of organic acids, their salts and essential oils against swine enteropathogenic bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Gómez-García ◽  
Cinta Sol ◽  
Pedro J. G. de Nova ◽  
Mónica Puyalto ◽  
Luis Mesas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
Similar Activity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background Accurate screening of new alternative antimicrobial compounds is essential for their use to control pathogens in swine production due to the replacement of antibiotics and zinc oxide. Most in vitro studies have separately reported the antimicrobial activity of organic acids and essential oils (EOs) using diverse methods for susceptibility testing. In addition, in vitro outcomes can help in the selection of the suitable antimicrobial compound and effective combinations of these compounds in the control of pathogens of interest in pork production. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determinate the antibacterial activity of six organic acids and six EOs against Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Clostridium perfringens isolates, some of them multi-resistant to antibiotics, from swine origin. The synergistic effects between the products with higher activity for each bacteria were also calculated. Results All products tested showed activity against at least one bacterial species, except for black pepper EO. The results showed that formic acid with the shortest chain length was the most effective against E. coli and Salmonella spp., while the sodium salt of coconut fatty acid distillates with long chain acids was the most effective against C. perfringens. The susceptibility of isolates tested to EOs was similar, a result that demonstrates a similar activity of these products against phylogenetically unrelated pathogens. In addition, an additive effect was shown for carvacrol-oregano EO for E. coli, formic acid-carvacrol and formic acid-thymol for Salmonella spp. and carvacrol-cinamaldehyde for C. perfringens. Conclusions The susceptibility of isolates to EOs was similar, a result that demonstrates a similar activity of these products against phylogenetically unrelated pathogens in contrast to organic acids. In addition, an additive effect was shown for several combinations of these compounds.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils against Staphylococcus and Malassezia Strains Isolated from Canine Dermatitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Virginia Ebani ◽  
Fabrizio Bertelloni ◽  
Basma Najar ◽  
Simona Nardoni ◽  
Luisa Pistelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Malassezia Pachydermatis ◽  
Antistaphylococcal Activity ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Staphylococcus spp. bacteria are the most frequently involved agents in canine cutaneous infections. Treatment of these infections is based on antibiotic therapy, that often is not effective because of the antibiotic-resistance of the bacterial strains. Cutaneous staphylococcal infections are often complicated by Malassezia yeasts, that may be resistant to the conventional antifungal drugs. The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of some essential oils (EOs) in view of a potential cutaneous application. In detail, EOs obtained from lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla L’Hèr. Britton), cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum J. Presl), myrrh (Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl. var. molmol), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf), litsea (Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers.), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), savory (Satureja montana L.), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) were assayed against Staphylococcus spp. and Malassezia pachydermatis strains previously isolated from dogs with dermatitis. All EOs were tested by agar disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration methods to verify the antistaphylococcal activity, and by a microdilution method to evaluate the activity against M. pachydermatis. O. vulgare, T. vulgaris, and S. montana showed the best antibacterial activity against all the selected strains, with MICs ranging from 0.29 to 0.58 mg/mL, from 0.58 to 1.16 mg/mL, and from 0.56 to 1.12 mg/mL, respectively, whereas A. triphylla (1.03 mg/mL) and S. montana (1.8 mg/mL) were the most active against M. pachydermatis. After a proper in vivo evaluation, O. vulgare, T. vulgaris, and S. montana EOs could be a promising treatment to combat canine cutaneous mixed infections.

scholarly journals In vitro activity of essential oils against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from infected hip implants

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 996-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Amorese ◽  
Matthew Donadu ◽  
Donatella Usai ◽  
Angelino Sanna ◽  
Fabio Milia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Hip Implants ◽  
Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Normal Human

Introduction: Essential oils have been used since ancient times and are known for their anti-inflammatory, anti-depressive, antiseptic, antifungal and antimicrobial properties. Methodology: in this study the antimicrobial activity of two essential oils from Melaleuca alternifolia and Thymus vulgaris–red thyme geraniol was tested against 16 multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa strains from infected hip implants as well as the “in vitro” cytotoxic activity on normal human Wong-Kilbourne derivative (WKD) cells. Results: Thymus vulgaris–red thyme geraniol showed lower antimicrobial activity when compared to Melaleuca alternifolia. All tested oils were cytotoxic at concentrations lower than 0.12%. Conclusion: Increase in drug resistance and lack of new antibiotics may encourage the development of natural treatments together with higher concern on environmental issues and natural lifestyle.

scholarly journals Essential oils in ocular pathology: an experimental study

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (06) ◽  
pp. 650-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Cannas ◽  
Donatella Usai ◽  
Antonio Pinna ◽  
Stefania Benvenuti ◽  
Roberta Tardugno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽  
Natural Drugs

Introduction: The antimicrobial activity of essential oils (EOs) has been known for ages; in particular, the EOs of Melaleuca alternifolia, Thymus vulgaris, Mentha piperita, and Rosmarinus officinalis have been used for the treatment of fungal and bacterial infections. Methodology: This study focused on the in vitro cytotoxicity to normal human conjunctiva cells and antimicrobial activity of 20 EOs. Results: The oils tested showed no cytotoxic effect at very low concentrations. Rosmarinus officinalis, Melaleuca alternifolia, and Thymus vulgaris L. red thyme geraniol sel oils had good antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. Conclusions: The results of this study are of great interest and may have a major impact on public health, providing useful tips to optimize the therapeutic use of some natural drugs.

scholarly journals Sensitivity to Fungicides and Esential Oils in Czech Isolates of Phytophthora infestans

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
J. Mazáková ◽  
M. Zouhar ◽  
P. Sedlák ◽  
E. Zusková ◽  
P. Ryšánek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Agar Method

Abstract A total of 235 Phytophthora infestans isolates were collected from five regions of the Czech Republic during the growing seasons 2012–2014 and 2016 and examined using the in vitro amended agar method for their sensitivity to metalaxyl-M (MFX), propamocarb-HCl (PCH), and dimethomorph (DMM). A majority of the isolates (50%) were sensitive to MFX. Resistant isolates were found in all four years of the survey; they represented 30% of the samples. The EC50 values of PCH in inhibiting mycelial growth of 65% of the overall isolates were higher than 100 μg ml−1, which indicates the occurrence of insensitivity to PCH in the Czech P. infestans populations. DMM was very effective, and the mycelial growth of all isolates tested was completely suppressed at the concentration of 0.1 μg ml−1. Furthermore, the efficacy of 12 plant essential oils was tested against 20 isolates of P. infestans using the in vitro amended agar method. Essential oils of Cymbopogon winterianus, Litsea cubeba, Mentha spicata, Pelargonium graveolens, Syzygium aromaticum, and Thymus vulgaris were observed to have the highest antifungal activity against P. infestans, with minimal inhibitory concentrations less than or equal to 1 μl ml−1.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document