scholarly journals Genetic Carriers and Genomic Distribution of cadA6—A Novel Variant of a Cadmium Resistance Determinant Identified in Listeria spp.

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8713
Author(s):  
Cora Chmielowska ◽  
Dorota Korsak ◽  
Barbara Szmulkowska ◽  
Alicja Krop ◽  
Kinga Lipka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Cadmium Resistance ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Listeria Ivanovii ◽  
Resistance Plasmids ◽  
Novel Variant ◽  
Listeria Seeligeri

Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogen responsible for severe cases of food poisoning. Listeria spp. strains occurring in soil and water environments may serve as a reservoir of resistance determinants for pathogenic L. monocytogenes strains. A large collection of Listeria spp. strains (155) isolated from natural, agricultural, and urban areas was screened for resistance to heavy metals and metalloids, and the presence of resistance determinants and extrachromosomal replicons. Of the tested strains, 35% were resistant to cadmium and 17% to arsenic. Sequence analysis of resistance plasmids isolated from strains of Listeria seeligeri and Listeria ivanovii, and the chromosome of L. seeligeri strain Sr73, identified a novel variant of the cadAC cadmium resistance efflux system, cadA6, that was functional in L. monocytogenes cells. The cadA6 cassette was detected in four Listeria species, including strains of L. monocytogenes, isolated from various countries and sources—environmental, food-associated, and clinical samples. This resistance cassette is harbored by four novel composite or non-composite transposons, which increases its potential for horizontal transmission. Since some cadAC cassettes may influence virulence and biofilm formation, it is important to monitor their presence in Listeria spp. strains inhabiting different environments.

scholarly journals Diversity of Listeria Species in Urban and Natural Environments

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 4420-4433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D. Sauders ◽  
Jon Overdevest ◽  
Esther Fortes ◽  
Katy Windham ◽  
Ynte Schukken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Molecular Source ◽  
Listeria Seeligeri

ABSTRACTA total of 442Listeriaisolates, including 234Listeria seeligeri, 80L. monocytogenes, 74L. welshimeri, 50L. innocua, and 4L. marthiiisolates, were obtained from 1,805 soil, water, and other environmental samples collected over 2 years from four urban areas and four areas representing natural environments.Listeriaspp. showed similar prevalences in samples from natural (23.4%) and urban (22.3%) environments. WhileL. seeligeriandL. welshimeriwere significantly associated with natural environments (P≤ 0.0001),L. innocuaandL. monocytogeneswere significantly associated with urban environments (P≤ 0.0001). Sequencing ofsigBfor all isolates revealed 67 allelic types with a higher level of allelic diversity among isolates from urban environments. SomeListeriaspp. andsigBallelic types showed significant associations with specific urban and natural areas. Nearest-neighbor analyses also showed that certainListeriaspp. andsigBallelic types were spatially clustered within both natural and urban environments, and there was evidence that these species and allelic types persisted over time in specific areas. Our data show that members of the genusListerianot only are common in urban and natural environments but also show species- and subtype-specific associations with different environments and areas. This indicates thatListeriaspecies and subtypes within these species may show distinct ecological preferences, which suggests (i) that molecular source-tracking approaches can be developed forListeriaand (ii) that detection of someListeriaspecies may not be a good indicator forL. monocytogenes.

Epidemiology of Collective Food poisoning in Tlemcen- Western Algeria: A retrospective analysis of data from 2011-2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-547
Author(s):  
Meryem Allioua ◽  
Waffa Bouali ◽  
Ilham Mkedder
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Epidemiological Monitoring ◽  
The World ◽  
Western Algeria ◽  
Family Focus

Food poisoning is a serious public health problem in the world that needs to be addressed as early as possible. However, mitigation efforts can be possi-ble only when data and information resulting from the implementation of monitoring or continuous surveillance are available. Here we report a study that was conducted taking into account all the data of poisoning report sheets, filled in by the doctor in charge of the case or, failing that, by the nurse, coming from health facilities (in sixteen regions in Tlemcen) were in-cluded in the analysis. For data processing, we have used some descriptive tools such as the frequencies and the lethality rates. The description of the sample concerned the characteristics of the poisoned population (year, gen-der, age, origin, hospitalisation, etc.) and the characteristics related to the suspected food. The survey showed a concentration of family focus, espe-cially in urban areas. Meats, Chickens and cream filled bakery food were the three most important incriminated foods and most of the infections in the outbreaks were related to fecal coliform, Clostridium and Staphylococcus. Some of the factors identified to contribute to food poisoning were lack of self-hygiene by food handlers and poor water and environmental supplies, poor preservation of food, the consumption of inadequately cooked or thawed meat or chicken, cross-contamination of food from infected food handlers, as well as the lack of awareness and information transmission and the lack of health infrastructures and means of communications. The present study highlights the needs for creating adequate infrastructure related to hygiene, regular epidemiological monitoring and increasing the awareness level of the residents.

scholarly journals Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants in Enterobacteriaceae from urine clinical samples

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orsolya Szabó ◽  
Dániel Gulyás ◽  
Nikolett Szabó ◽  
Katalin Kristóf ◽  
Béla Kocsis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Determinants

scholarly journals Leptospirosis in South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne Saif ◽  
John Frean ◽  
Jenny Rossouw ◽  
Anastasia N. Trataris
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
The People ◽  
Local Case ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

Leptospirosis is a common zoonosis worldwide. It has a ubiquitous distribution and causes a wide spectrum of disease. Leptospirosis therefore has a broad reservoir host range, and many infected species of animals excrete leptospires in their urine, which leads to contamination of soil and water. Typical descriptions of the disease include a biphasic (anicteric form) and fulminant disease in the icterohaemorrhagic form. Only a few local case reports of human leptospirosis have been published, the most recent one being in 1974. A rodent-related zoonosis study (RatZooMan) was conducted from 2003 until 2006 in three provinces (Limpopo, KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape). Of the people sampled in Cato Crest (Durban, KwaZulu-Natal Province), 43/217 (19.8%) were seropositive for leptospirosis. Of the clinical samples sent to the Special Bacterial Pathogens Reference Unit from all over the country for testing in 2009, 16/176 (9%) were IgM positive; in 2010 and January 2011 to May 2011, 14/215 (6.5%) and 12/96 (12.5%), respectively, were IgM positive.The apparent incidence of leptospirosis in the South African population is moderately high based on the detected positives in suspected cases; it is thought that the circulating infection rate may be even higher when looking at the RatZooMan results. This may be due to underreporting and undiagnosed cases. Communities in informal settlements in urban areas are especially at risk as infected rodent populations are a continuous source of transmission.

scholarly journals Identification of a Modified HOXB9 mRNA in Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ayako Nakashoji ◽  
Tetsu Hayashida ◽  
Yuko Kawai ◽  
Masayuki Kikuchi ◽  
Rurina Watanuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Human Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Novel Variant

First identified as a developmental gene, HOXB9 is also known to be involved in tumor biological processes, and its aberrant expression correlates with poor prognosis of various cancers. In this study, we isolated a homeodomain-less, novel HOXB9 variant (HOXB9v) from human breast cancer cell line-derived mRNA. We confirmed that the novel variant was produced from variationless HOXB9 genomic DNA. RT-PCR of mRNA isolated from clinical samples and reanalysis of publicly available RNA-seq data proved that the new transcript is frequently expressed in human breast cancer. Exogenous HOXB9v expression significantly enhanced the proliferation of breast cancer cells, and gene ontology analysis indicated that apoptotic signaling was suppressed in these cells. Considering that HOXB9v lacks key domains of homeobox proteins, its behavior could be completely different from that of the previously described variationless HOXB9. Because none of the previous studies on HOXB9 have considered the presence of HOXB9v, further research analyzing the two transcripts individually is warranted to re-evaluate the true role of HOXB9 in cancer.

Quantitative Evaluation of Three Selective Enrichment Broths and Agars Used in Recovering Listeria Microorganisms

1990 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSE FERNANDEZ-GARAYZABAL ◽  
CONSTANTIN GEMGEORGIS
Keyword(s):  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Enrichment Broth ◽  
Selective Enrichment ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Listeria Ivanovii ◽  
Soft Cheese ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Listeria Seeligeri ◽  
University Of Vermont

Three selective enrichment broths (FDA, University of Vermont and Dominguez Rodriguez) and lithium chloride-phenylethanol-moxolactam (LPM) agar, modified McBride (MMA) agar, Listeria selective agar (LSAM of Dominguez-Rodriguez), and Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) agar (as reference) were evaluated for their suitability to support the growth of six different species/strains of Listeria (Listeria monocytogenes Scott A, L. monocytogenes V7, L. monocytogenes VPH-1, Listeria innocua, Listeria seeligeri, and Listeria ivanovii). All Listeria strains grew faster and yielded a higher number of cells in FDA enrichment broth. Based on MPN studies, 1 to 2.1 cells of L. monocytogenes and L. innocua were needed for visible colony formation, on all three selective and BHI agars after 48 h incubation of 37°C. The LPM agar was more inhibitory for L. seeligeri and L. ivanovii requiring 9.6 and 917 cells, respectively, as compared to 1 to 2.7 cells for the other agars. The effectiveness of a particular combination among the selective enrichment broths and agars for recovering L. monocytogenes Scott A from inoculated cheese and meat samples was quantitated. Any enrichment broth combined with plating on LPM or LSAM agar gave 100% Listeria recovery as compared to 50 to 67% for plating on MMA agar. Both LPM and LSAM agars have also shown a superior performance to MMA agar in the recovery of naturally occurring Listeria from soft cheese and raw meat. The use of a secondary broth enrichment step improved the recovery of Listeria spp. from meat samples.

Rabbit Meat as a Source of Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1106-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSE M. RODRÍGUEZ-CALLEJA ◽  
ISABEL GARCÍA-LÓPEZ ◽  
MARÍA-LUISA GARCÍA-LÓPEZ ◽  
JESÚS A. SANTOS ◽  
ANDRÉS OTERO
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Aeromonas Veronii ◽  
Listeria Ivanovii ◽  
Worldwide Production ◽  
Rabbit Meat ◽  
Listeria Seeligeri ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Even though worldwide production of rabbit meat is >1,000,000 tons, little information is available for rabbit meat microbiology. This study provides data on the prevalence of Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria spp., motile Aeromonas spp., and Staphylococcus aureus on rabbit meat. A total of 24 rabbit carcasses from two abattoirs and 27 rabbit meat packages from supermarket displays were examined. In addition to culturing methods, associated virulence genes were investigated by PCR in suspect isolates and samples. Neither Salmonella nor E. coli O157:H7 was detected. All samples were negative for virulence-associated invA, stx1, and stx2 genes. At one abattoir, two carcasses (3.9%) carried Y. enterocolitica yst−, and two were positive for the yst gene, although viable Y. enterocolitica cells were not recovered from these samples. Seven samples (13.7%) were contaminated with Listeria. Of them, three were positive for hly and iap genes (Listeria monocytogenes hly+/iap+), two carried Listeria seeligeri, one carried Listeria ivanovii, and one carried Listeria innocua. For detectable motile Aeromonas spp. (average count, 1.77 ± 0.62 log CFU/g), the contamination rate was 35.3%, although ca. 90% of the samples were positive for the aerA and/or hlyA genes. The majority of aeromonad isolates were Aeromonas hydrophila aerA+/hlyA+. Aeromonas caviae, Aeromonas popoffii, Aeromonas schubertii, and the two biovars of Aeromonas veronii were also isolated. The prevalence of S. aureus contamination (average count, 1.37 ± 0.79 log CFU/g) was 52.9%. Among 27 S. aureus isolates, two harbored genes for staphylococcal enterotoxin B (seb), and two harbored genes for staphylococcal enterotoxin C (sec). The remaining isolates were negative for sea, seb, sec, sed, and see.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Copper and Cadmium Resistance Determinants in the Biomining Thermoacidophilic ArchaeonSulfolobus metallicus

Archaea ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Orell ◽  
Francisco Remonsellez ◽  
Rafaela Arancibia ◽  
Carlos A. Jerez
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistance ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Cadmium Resistance ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Thermophilic Archaeon ◽  
General Response

Sulfolobus metallicusis a thermoacidophilic crenarchaeon used in high-temperature bioleaching processes that is able to grow under stressing conditions such as high concentrations of heavy metals. Nevertheless, the genetic and biochemical mechanisms responsible for heavy metal resistance inS. metallicusremain uncharacterized. Proteomic analysis ofS. metallicuscells exposed to 100 mM Cu revealed that 18 out of 30 upregulated proteins are related to the production and conversion of energy, amino acids biosynthesis, and stress responses. Ten of these last proteins were also up-regulated inS. metallicustreated in the presence of 1 mM Cd suggesting that at least in part, a common general response to these two heavy metals. TheS. metallicusgenome contained two completecopgene clusters, each encoding a metallochaperone (CopM), a Cu-exporting ATPase (CopA), and a transcriptional regulator (CopT). Transcriptional expression analysis revealed thatcopMandcopAfrom eachcopgene cluster were cotranscribed and their transcript levels increased whenS. metallicuswas grown either in the presence of Cu or using chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) as oxidizable substrate. This study shows for the first time the presence of a duplicated version of thecopgene cluster inArchaeaand characterizes some of the Cu and Cd resistance determinants in a thermophilic archaeon employed for industrial biomining.

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