Variations in Triterpenoid Deposition in Cuticular Waxes during Development and Maturation of Selected Fruits of Rosaceae Family

The process of fruit ripening involves many chemical changes occurring not only in the mesocarp but also in the epicarp, including changes in the triterpenoid content of fruit cuticular waxes that can modify the susceptibility to pathogens and mechanical properties of the fruit surface. The aim of the study was the determination of the ripening-related changes in the triterpenoid content of fruit cuticular waxes of three plant species from the Rosaceae family, including rugosa rose (Rosa rugosa), black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa var. “Galicjanka”) and apple (Malus domestica var. “Antonovka”). The triterpenoid and steroid content in chloroform-soluble cuticular waxes was determined by a GC-MS/FID method at four different phenological stages. The profile of identified compounds was rather similar in selected fruit samples with triterpenoids with ursane-, oleanane- and lupane-type carbon skeletons, prevalence of ursolic acid and the composition of steroids. Increasing accumulation of triterpenoids and steroids, as well as the progressive enrichment of the composition of these compounds in cuticular wax during fruit development, was observed. The changes in triterpenoid content resulted from modifications of metabolic pathways, particularly hydroxylation and esterification, that can alter interactions with complementary functional groups of aliphatic constituents and lead to important changes in fruit surface quality.

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DETERMINATION OF ANTHOCYANINS AND CHLOROGENIC ACIDS IN FRUITS OF ARONIA GENUS: THE EX-PERIENCE OF CHEMOSYSTEMETICS

chemistry of plant raw material ◽

10.14258/jcprm.2019024601 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 161-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Viktor Ivanovich Deineka ◽

Mikhail Yur'yevich Tret’akov ◽

Yelena Yur'yevna Oleiniz ◽

Aleksandr Alekeyevich Pavlov ◽

Lyudmila Aleksandrovna Deineka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Differentiation ◽

Chlorogenic Acids ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Caffeoylquinic Acid ◽

Aronia Melanocarpa ◽

Fruit Samples ◽

Total Anthocyanins ◽

Black Chokeberry ◽

Main Component

The fruits of several species of Aronia genus were studied on the content of anthocyanins and chlorogenic acids. It was found that errors in determining the Aronia species can be excluded by using quantitative ratios between the main anthocyanins – cyanidin-3-galactozide (Cy3Gala, the main component), cyanidin-3-arabinoside (Cy3Ara), cyanidin-3-glucoside (Cy3Glu) and cyanidin-3-xyloside (Cy3Xyl). The highest level of anthocyanin accumulation was found for Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott. fruits. Meanwhile for the species differentiation the least accumulation in fruits of Cy3Glu (no more than 0.8% of the total anthocyanins) and Cy3Xyl (not more than 1.5 mole % of the amount of anthocyanins) may explored in comparison with that of A. prunifolia (Marshall) Rehder and A. mitschurinii A. K. Skvortsov & Maitul., the latter being often mistaken for black chokeberry. Even more reliable for the differentiation is the content and ratio of isomeric chlorogenic acids in the fruits. So, fruits of A. melanocarpa accumulate as the main chlorogenic acid 3-caffeoylquinic acid (3CQA, about 69.4 mole % of the sum of chlorogenic acids) and, in smaller but comparable amounts 5-caffeoylquinic (5CQA) and 4-caffeoylquinic (4CQA) acids, which account for about 14 mole %. In fruits of other species of chokeberry accumulation levels of 3CQA and 5CQA are comparable, but may vary with the change of the dominant one, while the accumulation 4CQA is characteristically low (less than 3.5 mole %). The paper discusses and experimentally confirms some errors in the sample preparation of Aronia fruit samples before the qualitative and quantitative determination of anthocyanins, and proposes a method of excluding them.

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Determination of Carotenoids in Fruits of Rosa sp. (Rosa Canina and Rosa Rugosa) and of Chokeberry (Aronia Melanocarpa)

Journal of Food Science ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2621.1989.tb04709.x ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 774-775 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

ALAIN RAZUNGLES ◽

JAN OSZMIANSKI ◽

JEAN-C. SAPIS

Keyword(s):

Rosa Rugosa ◽

Rosa Canina ◽

Aronia Melanocarpa

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Various Patterns of Composition and Accumulation of Steroids and Triterpenoids in Cuticular Waxes from Screened Ericaceae and Caprifoliaceae Berries during Fruit Development

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24213826 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (21) ◽

pp. 3826 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Soyol Dashbaldan ◽

Rafał Becker ◽

Cezary Pączkowski ◽

Anna Szakiel

Keyword(s):

Fruit Development ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Cuticular Waxes ◽

Phenological Stages ◽

Biotic Stresses ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Species Specific ◽

Trace Concentrations ◽

Long Chain

Cuticular waxes are primarily composed of two classes of lipids: compounds derived from very-long-chain fatty acids and isoprenoids, particularly triterpenoids and steroids. Isoprenoids can occur in cuticular waxes in high amounts, dominating the mixture of aliphatic long-chain hydrocarbons, while in other plants they are found in trace concentrations. Triterpenoids occurring in fruit cuticular waxes are of interest due to their potential role in the protection against biotic stresses, including pathogen infections, and their impact on the mechanical toughness of the fruit surface, maintaining fruit integrity, and post-harvest quality. The aim of the present study was the determination of the changes in the triterpenoid profile of the fruit cuticular waxes of four plant species bearing edible berries: Vaccinium myrtillus, V. vitis-idaea, and Arbutus unedo of the Ericaceae and the edible honeysuckle Lonicera caerulea of the Caprifoliaceae. Triterpenoids were identified and quantified by GC-MS/FID (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/flame ionization detection) at three different phenological stages: young berries, berries at the onset of ripening, and mature berries. During fruit development and maturation, the triterpenoid content in cuticular waxes displayed species-specific patterns of changes. The steroid content seemed to be directly correlated with the developmental stage, with a very typical point of transition between growth and ripening being observed in all the fruit analyzed in this study.

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Distribution of Triterpenoids and Steroids in Developing Rugosa Rose (Rosarugosa Thunb.) Accessory Fruit

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26175158 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (17) ◽

pp. 5158

Author(s):

Soyol Dashbaldan ◽

Agata Rogowska ◽

Cezary Pączkowski ◽

Anna Szakiel

Keyword(s):

Practical Application ◽

Bioactive Constituents ◽

Steroid Biosynthesis ◽

Rosa Rugosa ◽

Phenological Stages ◽

Important Data ◽

Fruit Development And Ripening ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Selective Process

Triterpenoids and steroids are considered to be important for the fruit quality and health-promoting properties for the consumers. The aim of the study was the determination of the changes in triterpenoid and steroid biosynthesis and the accumulation in hypanthium and achenes of rugosa rose (Rosa rugosa Thunb.) hip during fruit development and ripening at three different phenological stages (young fruits, fully developed unripe fruits, and matured fruits). Triterpenoids and steroids were also determined in the peel and the pulp of the matured hips. The obtained results indicated that the distribution of the analyzed compounds in different fruit tissues is a selective process. The increased rate of hydroxylation of triterpenoids, the deposition of hydroxylated acids in fruit surface layer, and the continuous biosynthesis of phytosterols in achenes versus its gradual repression in hypanthium accompanied by the accumulation of their biosynthetic intermediates and ketone derivatives seem to be characteristic metabolic features of maturation of rugosa rose accessory fruit. These observations, apart from providing the important data on metabolic modifications occurring in developing fruits, might have a practical application in defining fruit parts, particularly rich in bioactive constituents, to enable the development of novel functional products.

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Soil properties and tree growth of organic black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) grown under biodegradable plastic mulch

Research on Crops ◽

10.31830/2348-7542.2019.048 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Tree Growth ◽

Biodegradable Plastic ◽

Plastic Mulch ◽

Aronia Melanocarpa ◽

Black Chokeberry

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Authenticity of sugar – Identification of plant source and determination of geographical origin of sucrose

Sugar Industry ◽

10.36961/si17158 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 40-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andreas G. Degenhardt

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Isotope Ratio ◽

Geographical Origin ◽

Hydrological Cycle ◽

Isotope Ratios ◽

Saccharum Officinarum ◽

Mass Spectrometric ◽

C3 And C4 Plants ◽

Plant Source

The isotope ratios of water, organic matter and micronutrients from food are dependent on the circumstances and sites of their origin and production. Analytical methods, based on mass spectrometry, are established for routine determination of isotopes. Differentiation between metabolic pathways of C3 and C4 plants is realizable by determination 13C/12C ratios which can distinguish and identify sucrose from pure beet (Beta vulgaris) and pure cane (Saccharum officinarum). Influenced by the worldwide hydrological cycle the isotope ratios of 2H/1H and 18O/16O vary systematically, the variations give information about geographical origin. The exemplarily determination of authenticity is demonstrated by using mass spectrometric isotope ratio evaluation for identification of plant source and geographical origin with the help of selected sugar samples with known origin.

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