scholarly journals Nitrate Regulates Maize Root Transcriptome through Nitric Oxide Dependent and Independent Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9527
Author(s):  
Laura Ravazzolo ◽  
Sara Trevisan ◽  
Silvia Iori ◽  
Cristian Forestan ◽  
Mario Malagoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Gene Ontology ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Functional Annotation ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Maize Root ◽  
Molecular Signatures ◽  
Root Response

Maize root responds to nitrate by modulating its development through the coordinated action of many interacting players. Nitric oxide is produced in primary root early after the nitrate provision, thus inducing root elongation. In this study, RNA sequencing was applied to discover the main molecular signatures distinguishing the response of maize root to nitrate according to their dependency on, or independency of, nitric oxide, thus discriminating the signaling pathways regulated by nitrate through nitric oxide from those regulated by nitrate itself of by further downstream factors. A set of subsequent detailed functional annotation tools (Gene Ontology enrichment, MapMan, KEGG reconstruction pathway, transcription factors detection) were used to gain further information and the lateral root density was measured both in the presence of nitrate and in the presence of nitrate plus cPTIO, a specific NO scavenger, and compared to that observed for N-depleted roots. Our results led us to identify six clusters of transcripts according to their responsiveness to nitric oxide and to their regulation by nitrate provision. In general, shared and specific features for the six clusters were identified, allowing us to determine the overall root response to nitrate according to its dependency on nitric oxide.

scholarly journals Nitric Oxide Overproduction by cue1 Mutants Differs on Developmental Stages and Growth Conditions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Lechón ◽  
Luis Sanz ◽  
Inmaculada Sánchez-Vicente ◽  
Oscar Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
No Production

The cue1 nitric oxide (NO) overproducer mutants are impaired in a plastid phosphoenolpyruvate/phosphate translocator, mainly expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. cue1 mutants present an increased content of arginine, a precursor of NO in oxidative synthesis processes. However, the pathways of plant NO biosynthesis and signaling have not yet been fully characterized, and the role of CUE1 in these processes is not clear. Here, in an attempt to advance our knowledge regarding NO homeostasis, we performed a deep characterization of the NO production of four different cue1 alleles (cue1-1, cue1-5, cue1-6 and nox1) during seed germination, primary root elongation, and salt stress resistance. Furthermore, we analyzed the production of NO in different carbon sources to improve our understanding of the interplay between carbon metabolism and NO homeostasis. After in vivo NO imaging and spectrofluorometric quantification of the endogenous NO levels of cue1 mutants, we demonstrate that CUE1 does not directly contribute to the rapid NO synthesis during seed imbibition. Although cue1 mutants do not overproduce NO during germination and early plant development, they are able to accumulate NO after the seedling is completely established. Thus, CUE1 regulates NO homeostasis during post-germinative growth to modulate root development in response to carbon metabolism, as different sugars modify root elongation and meristem organization in cue1 mutants. Therefore, cue1 mutants are a useful tool to study the physiological effects of NO in post-germinative growth.

scholarly journals Strigolactones And Auxin Cooperate To Regulate Maize Root Development and Response to Nitrate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ravazzolo ◽  
Stéphanie Boutet-Mercey ◽  
François Perreau ◽  
Cristian Forestan ◽  
Serena Varotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Density ◽  
Maize Root ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Transcriptional Signature ◽  
Downstream Target ◽  
Nitrate Supply ◽  
Root Response

Abstract In maize, nitrate regulates root development thanks to the coordinated action of many players. In this study, the involvement of SLs and auxin as putative components of the nitrate regulation of lateral root was investigated. To this aim, the endogenous SL content of maize root in response to nitrate was assessed by LC-MS/MS and measurements of lateral root density in the presence of analogues or inhibitors of auxin and strigolactones were performed. Furthermore, an untargeted RNA-seq based approach was used to better characterize the participation of auxin and strigolactones to the transcriptional signature of maize root response to nitrate. Our results suggested that N deprivation induces zealactone and carlactonoic acid biosynthesis in root, to a higher extent if compared to P-deprived roots. Moreover, data on lateral root density led to hypothesise that the induction of LR development early occurring upon nitrate supply involves the inhibition of SL biosynthesis, but that the downstream target of SL shutdown, beside auxin, includes also additional unknown players. Furthermore, RNA-seq results provided a set of putative markers for the auxin- or SL-dependent action of nitrate, meanwhile allowing to identify also novel components of the molecular regulation of maize root response to nitrate. Globally the existence of at least four different pathways was hypothesised, one dependent on auxin, a second one mediated by SLs, a third deriving from the SL-auxin interplay and one last attributable to nitrate itself through further downstream signals. Further work will be necessary to better assess the reliability of the model proposed.

scholarly journals Systemic signalling through translationally controlled tumour protein controls lateral root formation in Arabidopsis

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (15) ◽  
pp. 3927-3940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi Branco ◽  
Josette Masle
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Lateral Root Initiation

Abstract The plant body plan and primary organs are established during embryogenesis. However, in contrast to animals, plants have the ability to generate new organs throughout their whole life. These give them an extraordinary developmental plasticity to modulate their size and architecture according to environmental constraints and opportunities. How this plasticity is regulated at the whole-organism level is elusive. Here we provide evidence for a role for translationally controlled tumour protein (TCTP) in regulating the iterative formation of lateral roots in Arabidopsis. AtTCTP1 modulates root system architecture through a dual function: as a general constitutive growth promoter enhancing root elongation and as a systemic signalling agent via mobility in the vasculature. AtTCTP1 encodes mRNAs with long-distance mobility between the shoot and roots. Mobile shoot-derived TCTP1 gene products act specifically to enhance the frequency of lateral root initiation and emergence sites along the primary root pericycle, while root elongation is controlled by local constitutive TCTP1 expression and scion size. These findings uncover a novel type for an integrative signal in the control of lateral root initiation and the compromise for roots between branching more profusely or elongating further. They also provide the first evidence in plants of an extracellular function of the vital, highly expressed ubiquitous TCTP1.

scholarly journals The Control of Zealactone Biosynthesis and Exudation is Involved in the Response to Nitrogen in Maize Root

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 2100-2112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ravazzolo ◽  
Sara Trevisan ◽  
Alessandro Manoli ◽  
St�phanie Boutet-Mercey ◽  
Fran�ois Perreau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Root ◽  
Maize Root ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Lateral Root Development ◽  
Nitrogen Acquisition ◽  
Endogenous Regulators ◽  
Root Response ◽  
Maize Response

Abstract Nitrate acts as a signal in regulating plant development in response to environment. In particular nitric oxide, auxin and strigolactones (SLs) were supposed to cooperate to regulate the maize root response to this anion. In this study, a combined approach based on liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry and on physiological and molecular analyses was adopted to specify the involvement of SLs in the maize response to N. Our results showed that N deficiency strongly induces SL exudation, likely through stimulating their biosynthesis. Nitrate provision early counteracts and also ammonium lowers SL exudation, but less markedly. Exudates obtained from N-starved and ammonium-provided seedlings stimulated Phelipanche germination, whereas when seeds were treated with exudates harvested from nitrate-provided plants no germination was observed. Furthermore, our findings support the idea that the inhibition of SL production observed in response to nitrate and ammonium would contribute to the regulation of lateral root development. Moreover, the transcriptional regulation of a gene encoding a putative maize WBC transporter, in response to various nitrogen supplies, together with its mRNA tissue localization, supported its role in SL allocation. Our results highlight the dual role of SLs as molecules able to signal outwards a nutritional need and as endogenous regulators of root architecture adjustments to N, thus synchronizing plant growth with nitrogen acquisition.

INHIBITION OF POLYAMINE BIOSYNTHESIS BY L-CANAVANINE AND ITS EFFECT ON MERISTEMATIC ACTIVITY, GROWTH, AND DEVELOPMENT OF ZEA MAYS ROOTS

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Schwartz ◽  
Arie Altman ◽  
Yael Cohen ◽  
Tova Arzee
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Arginine Decarboxylase ◽  
Quiescent Center ◽  
Lateral Root Primordia ◽  
Root Differentiation ◽  
Polyamine Content ◽  
Meristematic Activity

The effects of L-canavanine, a structural analogue of L-arginine and a competitive inhibitor of arginine decarboxylase, were studied in corn (Zea mays L.) on primary root elongation and lateral root differentiation, meristematic activity, and on polyamine content and biosynthesis. Incubation of seedlings in 10−3 M L-canavanine for 3 h inhibited both elongation of the primary root and differentiation of lateral root primordia. A marked decrease in cell division and DNA synthesis, along with an inhibition of the activation of the primary root quiescent center, was clearly evident in L-canavanine-treated roots. Putrescine content in subapical segments of the primary root decreased significantly during the first 24 h, while spermidine content increased at 48–72 h, coinciding with lateral root emergence and elongation. A 3 h incubation with 103 M L-canavanine completely inhibited the increase in spermidine content, thus modifying the ratio of putrescine to spermidine tissue concentrations. The activity of arginine decarboxylase, and less significantly that of ornithine decarboxylase, increased steadily during the 72 h period of lateral root differentiation and elongation. Activation of both enzymes was inhibited by L-canavanine. Addition of L-arginine at 10−3 M partially relieved the inhibitory effects of L-canavanine on primary root elongation, lateral root differentiation, activation of the quiescent center, changes in polyamine content, and the activity of arginine and ornithine decarboxylases. These and previous data suggest that root development and meristematic activity in Zea mays are associated, perhaps causally, with changes in biosynthesis and content of polyamines.

Differential Response of First-Order Lateral Root Elongation to Low Potassium Involves Nitric Oxide in Two Tobacco Cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjing Song ◽  
Ren Xue ◽  
Yao Song ◽  
Yang Bi ◽  
Zhihao Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
First Order ◽  
Low Potassium

scholarly journals Effects of a Pregermination Pulse Treatment with Morphactin on Pisum Sativum

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1125
Author(s):  
RD Linke ◽  
NG Marinos
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Pulse Treatment ◽  
Lateral Root Formation

A 24�hr pregermination application of morphactin to seeds of P. sativum was found, particularly at the higher concentrations used (1-30 mg/l), to stimulate primary root elongation but partially inhibit the initiation and growth of laterals. The latter effect was accompanied by the production of undifferentiated outgrowths at the base of the primary root and a shift of the region of lateral root formation towards the tip.

scholarly journals Role of Ascorbate in the Regulation of the Arabidopsis thaliana Root Growth by Phosphate Availability

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Tyburski ◽  
Kamila Dunajska-Ordak ◽  
Monika Skorupa ◽  
Andrzej Tretyn
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Phosphate Availability

Arabidopsis root system responds to phosphorus (P) deficiency by decreasing primary root elongation and developing abundant lateral roots. Feeding plants with ascorbic acid (ASC) stimulated primary root elongation in seedlings grown under limiting P concentration. However, at high P, ASC inhibited root growth. Seedlings of ascorbate-deficient mutant (vtc1) formed short roots irrespective of P availability. P-starved plants accumulated less ascorbate in primary root tips than those grown under high P. ASC-treatment stimulated cell divisions in root tips of seedlings grown at low P. At high P concentrations ASC decreased the number of mitotic cells in the root tips. The lateral root density in seedlings grown under P deficiency was decreased by ASC treatments. At high P, this parameter was not affected by ASC-supplementation. vtc1 mutant exhibited increased lateral root formation on either, P-deficient or P-sufficient medium. Irrespective of P availability, high ASC concentrations reduced density and growth of root hairs. These results suggest that ascorbate may participate in the regulation of primary root elongation at different phosphate availability via its effect on mitotic activity in the root tips.

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