scholarly journals Strigolactones And Auxin Cooperate To Regulate Maize Root Development and Response to Nitrate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ravazzolo ◽  
Stéphanie Boutet-Mercey ◽  
François Perreau ◽  
Cristian Forestan ◽  
Serena Varotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Density ◽  
Maize Root ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Transcriptional Signature ◽  
Downstream Target ◽  
Nitrate Supply ◽  
Root Response

Abstract In maize, nitrate regulates root development thanks to the coordinated action of many players. In this study, the involvement of SLs and auxin as putative components of the nitrate regulation of lateral root was investigated. To this aim, the endogenous SL content of maize root in response to nitrate was assessed by LC-MS/MS and measurements of lateral root density in the presence of analogues or inhibitors of auxin and strigolactones were performed. Furthermore, an untargeted RNA-seq based approach was used to better characterize the participation of auxin and strigolactones to the transcriptional signature of maize root response to nitrate. Our results suggested that N deprivation induces zealactone and carlactonoic acid biosynthesis in root, to a higher extent if compared to P-deprived roots. Moreover, data on lateral root density led to hypothesise that the induction of LR development early occurring upon nitrate supply involves the inhibition of SL biosynthesis, but that the downstream target of SL shutdown, beside auxin, includes also additional unknown players. Furthermore, RNA-seq results provided a set of putative markers for the auxin- or SL-dependent action of nitrate, meanwhile allowing to identify also novel components of the molecular regulation of maize root response to nitrate. Globally the existence of at least four different pathways was hypothesised, one dependent on auxin, a second one mediated by SLs, a third deriving from the SL-auxin interplay and one last attributable to nitrate itself through further downstream signals. Further work will be necessary to better assess the reliability of the model proposed.

scholarly journals Comparative RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals That Regulatory Network of Maize Root Development Controls the Expression of Genes in Response to N Stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e0151697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiujing He ◽  
Haixia Ma ◽  
Xiongwei Zhao ◽  
Shujun Nie ◽  
Yuhua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Maize Root ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Expression Of Genes

scholarly journals The Control of Zealactone Biosynthesis and Exudation is Involved in the Response to Nitrogen in Maize Root

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 2100-2112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ravazzolo ◽  
Sara Trevisan ◽  
Alessandro Manoli ◽  
St�phanie Boutet-Mercey ◽  
Fran�ois Perreau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Root ◽  
Maize Root ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Lateral Root Development ◽  
Nitrogen Acquisition ◽  
Endogenous Regulators ◽  
Root Response ◽  
Maize Response

Abstract Nitrate acts as a signal in regulating plant development in response to environment. In particular nitric oxide, auxin and strigolactones (SLs) were supposed to cooperate to regulate the maize root response to this anion. In this study, a combined approach based on liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry and on physiological and molecular analyses was adopted to specify the involvement of SLs in the maize response to N. Our results showed that N deficiency strongly induces SL exudation, likely through stimulating their biosynthesis. Nitrate provision early counteracts and also ammonium lowers SL exudation, but less markedly. Exudates obtained from N-starved and ammonium-provided seedlings stimulated Phelipanche germination, whereas when seeds were treated with exudates harvested from nitrate-provided plants no germination was observed. Furthermore, our findings support the idea that the inhibition of SL production observed in response to nitrate and ammonium would contribute to the regulation of lateral root development. Moreover, the transcriptional regulation of a gene encoding a putative maize WBC transporter, in response to various nitrogen supplies, together with its mRNA tissue localization, supported its role in SL allocation. Our results highlight the dual role of SLs as molecules able to signal outwards a nutritional need and as endogenous regulators of root architecture adjustments to N, thus synchronizing plant growth with nitrogen acquisition.

scholarly journals Nitrate Regulates Maize Root Transcriptome through Nitric Oxide Dependent and Independent Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9527
Author(s):  
Laura Ravazzolo ◽  
Sara Trevisan ◽  
Silvia Iori ◽  
Cristian Forestan ◽  
Mario Malagoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Gene Ontology ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Functional Annotation ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Maize Root ◽  
Molecular Signatures ◽  
Root Response

Maize root responds to nitrate by modulating its development through the coordinated action of many interacting players. Nitric oxide is produced in primary root early after the nitrate provision, thus inducing root elongation. In this study, RNA sequencing was applied to discover the main molecular signatures distinguishing the response of maize root to nitrate according to their dependency on, or independency of, nitric oxide, thus discriminating the signaling pathways regulated by nitrate through nitric oxide from those regulated by nitrate itself of by further downstream factors. A set of subsequent detailed functional annotation tools (Gene Ontology enrichment, MapMan, KEGG reconstruction pathway, transcription factors detection) were used to gain further information and the lateral root density was measured both in the presence of nitrate and in the presence of nitrate plus cPTIO, a specific NO scavenger, and compared to that observed for N-depleted roots. Our results led us to identify six clusters of transcripts according to their responsiveness to nitric oxide and to their regulation by nitrate provision. In general, shared and specific features for the six clusters were identified, allowing us to determine the overall root response to nitrate according to its dependency on nitric oxide.

scholarly journals MODL-16. ABEMACICLIB, A SELECTIVE CDK4/6 INHIBITOR, RESTRICTS GROWTH OF PEDIATRIC GLIAL-LINEAGE TUMORS IN VITRO AND IN VIVO

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii414-iii414
Author(s):  
Muh-Lii Liang ◽  
Tsung-Han Hsieh ◽  
Tai-Tong Wong
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Downstream Target ◽  
Rb Phosphorylation ◽  
Glial Lineage

Abstract BACKGROUND Glial-lineage tumors constitute a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, comprising gliomas, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas, which account for 40%–50% of all pediatric central nervous system tumors. Advances in modern neuro-oncological therapeutics are aimed at improving neoadjuvant chemotherapy and deferring radiotherapy because radiation exposure may cause long-term side effects on the developing brain in young children. Despite aggressive treatment, more than half the high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) and one-third of ependymomas exhibit recurrence within 2 years of initial treatment. METHODS By using integrated bioinformatics and through experimental validation, we found that at least one gene among CCND1, CDK4, and CDK6 was overexpressed in pHGGs and ependymomas. RESULTS The use of abemaciclib, a highly selective CDK4/6 inhibitor, effectively inhibited cell proliferation and reduced the expression of cell cycle–related and DNA repair–related gene expression, which was determined through RNA-seq analysis. The efficiency of abemaciclib was validated in vitro in pHGGs and ependymoma cells and in vivo by using subcutaneously implanted ependymoma cells from patient-derived xenograft (PDX) in mouse models. Abemaciclib demonstrated the suppression of RB phosphorylation, downstream target genes of E2F, G2M checkpoint, and DNA repair, resulting in tumor suppression. CONCLUSION Abemaciclib showed encouraging results in preclinical pediatric glial-lineage tumors models and represented a potential therapeutic strategy for treating challenging tumors in children.

Lateral root formation and nutrients: nitrogen in the spotlight

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Mathieu Pélissier ◽  
Hans Motte ◽  
Tom Beeckman
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Root System ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Lateral Root Formation ◽  
Lateral Root Development

Abstract Lateral roots are important to forage for nutrients due to their ability to increase the uptake area of a root system. Hence, it comes as no surprise that lateral root formation is affected by nutrients or nutrient starvation, and as such contributes to the root system plasticity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating root adaptation dynamics towards nutrient availability is useful to optimize plant nutrient use efficiency. There is at present a profound, though still evolving, knowledge on lateral root pathways. Here, we aimed to review the intersection with nutrient signaling pathways to give an update on the regulation of lateral root development by nutrients, with a particular focus on nitrogen. Remarkably, it is for most nutrients not clear how lateral root formation is controlled. Only for nitrogen, one of the most dominant nutrients in the control of lateral root formation, the crosstalk with multiple key signals determining lateral root development is clearly shown. In this update, we first present a general overview of the current knowledge of how nutrients affect lateral root formation, followed by a deeper discussion on how nitrogen signaling pathways act on different lateral root-mediating mechanisms for which multiple recent studies yield insights.

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