scholarly journals Selected Essential and Toxic Chemical Elements in Hypothyroidism—A Literature Review (2001–2021)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 10147
Author(s):  
Anna Błażewicz ◽  
Patrycja Wiśniewska ◽  
Katarzyna Skórzyńska-Dziduszko
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Chemical ◽  
Thyroid Status ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Essential Chemical

Thyroid hormones are known for controlling metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, and electrolytes and for regulating body temperature. Normal thyroid status depends on the chemical/elemental composition of body fluids and tissues, which changes depending on physiological state, lifestyle and environment. A deficiency or excess of certain essential chemical elements (selenium, zinc, copper, iron or fluorine) or exposure to toxic (cadmium or lead) or potentially toxic elements (manganese or chromium) interacts with thyroid hormone synthesis and may disturb thyroid homeostasis. In our review, accessible databases (Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science) were searched for articles from 2001–2021 on the influence of selected chemical elements on the development of hypothyroidism. Our review adopted some of the strengths of a systematic review. After non-eligible reports were rejected, 29 remaining articles were reviewed. The review found that disruption of the physiological levels of elements in the body adversely affects the functioning of cells and tissues, which can lead to the development of disease.

POTENTIALLY TOXIC CHEMICAL ELEMENTS OF SHALE PLAYS – ECOLOGICAL THREAT TO THE ENVIRONMENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Punanova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Organometallic Compounds ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Toxic Chemical ◽  
Horizontal Drilling ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Economic Use

This research considered the content of trace elements (TE), including potentially toxic elements (PTE) in shale plays and deposits in various regions of the world. Their comparative analysis was carried out and the highest concentrations of PTE in the shales of some regions were revealed. The author notes that the destruction of organometallic compounds occurs during the development of shale hydrocarbon (HC) using horizontal drilling with hydraulic fracturing – injecting large volumes of chemicals while increasing the temperature. During such destruction processes, PTE can escape into the environment: into groundwater, soil layers, and other objects of economic use, and also deteriorate well equipment. In connection with the noted environmental hazards present during the development of shale HC, this paper proposes to monitor the content of TE in both shale rocks as well as in extracted shale oil in order to mitigate the risks of their release into the environment. In addition, developers and scientists should consider the losses of industrially significant volumes of valuable metals that occur due to the lack of cost-effective technologies for their capture and extraction from naphthides.

scholarly journals It’s Time to Replace the Term “Heavy Metals” with “Potentially Toxic Elements” When Reporting Environmental Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Pourret ◽  
Andrew Hursthouse
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Toxic Element ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Environmental Sciences ◽  
Common Term ◽  
Pollution Impacts

Even if the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements is relatively well defined, some controversial terms are still in use. Indeed, the term “heavy metal” is a common term used for decades in the natural sciences, and even more in environmental sciences, particularly in studies of pollution impacts. As the use of the term appears to have increased, we highlight the relevance of the use of the term “Potentially Toxic Element(s)”, which needs more explicit endorsement, and we illustrate the chemical elements that need to be considered.

scholarly journals Significant Correlations Dependence of High-Risk Chemical Elements in the Environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Jana Urminská
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Risk Element

Abstract With the development of industry, agriculture, exploitation of natural sources and with boom of settlement density, the environment is being affected by potentially toxic elements; the phenomenon is consequently reflected on human health. Cadmium is a high risk element for the whole environment. The aim of this research was to analyse and evaluate sediments of selected water reservoirs during the ten-year period in order to determine the concentrations of selected, potentially toxic elements. For statistical processing, the correlation coefficient by the Spearman method and the analysis of the index were used. Sediments are reliable indicators of environmental pollution. The analyses of the sediment samples were carried out by the flow electrochemistry and the atomic absorption spectrometry methods. The total concentration of Cd in sediments was up to 22.60 mg kg−1 of dry matter. pH/KCl was marked in the range from 5.6 to 7.2. From statistical processing of sediments data by Spearman, we determined the dependencies between Cd and the following elements: As, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn. The relations between Cd and the following elements: Pb, As and Cu were very highly positive.

Accumulation of potentially toxic elements in the body tissues of sheep grazed on grassland given repeated applications of sewage sludge

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Wilkinson ◽  
J. Hill ◽  
C.T. Livesey
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
The Body ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Treated Site

AbstractIngestion of sewage sludge with soil, together with herbage containing elevated concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) might pose a risk to the human food chain through the accumulation of PTEs in edible tissues of livestock grazed on pastures which have received repeated doses of sludge. The accumulation of PTEs in tissues of animals grazed on a permanent pasture which had received repeated applications of sewage sludge between 1981 and 1994 was studied over two consecutive grazing seasons by monthly serial slaughter. Blocks of six weaned lambs were allocated at random at the start of the grazing seasons to slaughter date. Blocks of lambs were also allocated at random to an adjacent untreated pasture and to initial slaughter groups. Animals grazed continuously for two periods of 181 days and 152 days in 1994 (experiment 1) and 1995 (experiment 2), respectively. An application of sewage sludge was made to the treated site between the two experiments. The concentration of cadmium (Cd) in soil samples taken to 25 cm depth from the treated site was close to the United Kingdom statutory limit of 3 mg Cd per kg dry matter (DM) and 1·67 times the limit at the soil surface. Concentrations of other PTEs in soil were below statutory limis. The concentrations of PTEs in herbage at the treated site increased as each grazing period advanced (P < 0·05). Mean concentrations of Cd, lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were higher (P < 0·05) in both experiments for herbage at the treated site than at the untreated site. No differences were observed in the concentrations of PTEs in muscle tissue between lambs grazed on treated or untreated pastures. The concentration of Cd in kidneys of lambs grazed on the treated pasture increased as the grazing seasons progressed from 0·19 to 0·36 mg/kg DM (P < 0·01) in experiment 1 and from 0·03 to 2·57 mg/kg DM in experiment 2 (P < 0·001). There was no measurable accumulation of Pb into kidney in either experiment. Concentrations of Cu in kidney remained similar during experiment 1 but increased during experiment 2 in lambs grazed on the treated pasture only (P < 0·05). Similar trends to those for kidney were observed for Cd in liver in both experiments. The concentrations of Pb increased in liver for lambs grazed on the treated site in experiment 1 (P < 0·01) but not in experiment 2. The concentrations of Cu in lambs grazed on the treated pasture in liver decreased (P < 0·01) in experiment 1 from 139 to 28 mg Cu per kg DM. Liver concentrations of Cu in experiment 2 increased (P < 0·01) from 63·5 to 197 mg Cu per kg DM, possibly reflecting the application of sludge to the experimental site between the two experiments. The results indicated that soil and herbage concentrations of PTEs were elevated following repeated applications of sewage sludge to grassland. The accumulation of PTEs in edible body tissues was generally low, with the greatest being of Cd and Cu in the second experiment, possibly reflecting recent application of sludge.

scholarly journals Concentration of Potentially Toxic Elements in Various Berries Grown in Allotment Gardens of Rīga City, Latvia

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 496-501
Author(s):  
Zane Vincēviča-Gaile ◽  
Dāvis Varakājs
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Element Concentration ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Allotment Gardens ◽  
Trace And Major Elements

AbstractConcentration of trace and major elements is an important indicator of nutritional value of food, also regarding cultivated food crops like fruits, berries, and vegetables. Concentration of elements differs regionally and is influenced by various factors. Nevertheless, some chemical elements (As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn, etc.) are known as environmental pollutants and may affect the quality and safety of crops and food products. The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of potentially toxic elements like Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn in samples of berries grown in allotment gardens of Rīga city. Dried and homogenised samples of raspberries, strawberries, red currants, black currants, gooseberries, and cherries were mineralised in a solution of concentrated HNO3/H2O2by heating on a thermoblock. Quantitative analysis of sample solutions was performed using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Potentially toxic elements were in concentrations as follows: Fe > Zn > Cu > Ni > Pb > Cr > Cd. Mean concentrations of the elements of the major concern were: Ni 0.54 mg/kg, Pb 0.20 mg/kg, Cr 0.10 mg/kg, and Cd 0.03 mg/kg. Results indicated significant variability of element concentration among the species.

scholarly journals Elemental state of the organism of workers and population as manifestation of adaptation to the technogenic effect of metals: new methodological approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 174-180
Author(s):  
I.М.  Andrusyshyna
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Professional Contact

The problem of adaptive, prepathological and pathological reactions of the body to the action of exogenous chemicals is closely intersected with the assessment of the norm and its fluctuations. The imbalance of chemical elements in the human body directly affects the functioning of almost all organs and systems, causing significant stress of adaptation mechanisms. In this article we study the elemental state of the human body depending on the physiological state (endocrine pathology and professional contact with heavy metals), analyze the correlation between macro- and microelements and assess the degree of adaptability of the body. In the work the elemental state of the human body, taking into account not only the absolute values of the concentrations of elements in the hair and whole blood was studied, the adaptability of the body according to the indicators of elemental imbalance in the blood and hair of volunteers, individuals with endocrine pathology (autoimmune thyroiditis and type II diabetes mellitus) and for those working in conditions of contact with heavy metals (for jewelers, welders and batterymen) is analyzed. The results of the study indicate that various non-specific adaptation reactions are accompanied by changes in the elemental state of a person. Under the prevailing pathology of the endocrine system (diabetes mellitus or autoimmune thyroiditis), the adaptation of the body was determined as a stage of tension and is associated with the duration of the disease. In persons exposed to professional contact with heavy metals (Mn, Cr, Pb, Ag), adaptation depended on the nature and duration of professional contact with them: the highest tension of adaptation processes was found in jewelers, and the least in welders and batterymen, which is associated with the duration of professional contact with these metals. The high number of connections between the elements indicates the tension of adaptive reactions in people with endocrine pathology and especially in jewelry workers. Adaptation to the high content of metals in the air of welders and batteries due to the longer experience of these workers and adaptation to production conditions with a decrease in the number of correlations between the elements, as a means of reliable operation.

scholarly journals Objective Assessment of an Ionic Footbath (IonCleanse): Testing Its Ability to Remove Potentially Toxic Elements from the Body

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Kennedy ◽  
Kieran Cooley ◽  
Thomas R. Einarson ◽  
Dugald Seely
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Holistic Health ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Toxic Element ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Specific Induction ◽  
Healthy Participants

Ionic footbaths are often used in holistic health centres and spas to aid in detoxification; however, claims that these machines eliminate toxins from the body have not been rigorously evaluated. In this proof-of-principle study, we sought to measure the release of potentially toxic elements from ionic footbaths into distilled and tap water with and without feet. Water samples were collected and analyzed following 30-minute ionic footbath sessions without feet using both distilled (n=1) and tap water (n=6) and following four ionic footbaths using tap water (once/week for 4 weeks) in six healthy participants. Urine collection samples were analyzed at four points during the study. Hair samples were analyzed for element concentrations at baseline and study conclusion. Contrary to claims made for the machine, there does not appear to be any specific induction of toxic element release through the feet when running the machine according to specifications.

scholarly journals Evaluation Of Exchange Reaction In Soil In Sediments Of A Region Affected By Anthropogenic Activity In Relation To The Time And To The Selected Potentially Toxic Elements

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Urminská ◽  
Boris Václav ◽  
Peter Ondrišík
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Spectrometric Method ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometric ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyse sediments of the selected water reservoirs of Piargs group. Secondly, our purpose was to determine values of exchange reactions in soil of these sediments during the period from 2001 to 2010 and to evaluate environmental hazards caused by the selected potentially toxic elements affected by pH. Based on the results gained by analysis we aim to determine the correlation and statistical significance of dependencies of the analysed environmental parameters. Two different methods, the flow electrochemical method and the atomic absorption spectrometric method have been used to analyse the content of potentially toxic chemical elements in leachate. The analysis of leachate samples, in order to find out the values of exchange reactions in soil, was carried out by potentiometry. Ascertained values of exchange reactions in soil ranged from 5.6 to 7.2. According to the calculated indices of dependencies, the development of pH/KCl values can be evaluated as moderately dynamic. The calculated indices of the Spearman‘s correlation coefficient for exchange reactions in soil demonstrate statistically significant dependence, especially for zinc and cadmium.

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