scholarly journals Hetero/Homo-Complexes of Sucrose Transporters May Be a Subtle Mode to Regulate Sucrose Transportation in Grape Berries

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 12062
Author(s):  
Yumeng Cai ◽  
Ling Yin ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Wenjie Dong ◽  
Han Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Functional Variation ◽  
Sucrose Transport ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Sucrose Transporters ◽  
Functional Regulation ◽  
Alignment Analysis ◽  
Effective Distribution

The sugar distribution mechanism in fruits has been the focus of research worldwide; however, it remains unclear. In order to elucidate the relevant mechanisms in grape berries, the expression, localization, function, and regulation of three sucrose transporters were studied in three representative Vitis varieties. Both SUC11 and SUC12 expression levels were positively correlated with sugar accumulation in grape berries, whereas SUC27 showed a negative relationship. The alignment analysis and sucrose transport ability of isolated SUCs were determined to reflect coding region variations among V. vinifera, V. amurensis Ruper, and V. riparia, indicating that functional variation existed in one SUT from different varieties. Furthermore, potentially oligomerized abilities of VvSUCs colocalized in the sieve elements of the phloem as plasma membrane proteins were verified. The effects of oligomerization on transport properties were characterized in yeast. VvSUC11 and VvSUC12 are high-affinity/low-capacity types of SUTs that stimulate each other by upregulating Vmax and Km, inhibiting sucrose transport, and downregulating the Km of VvSUC27. Thus, changes in the distribution of different SUTs in the same cell govern functional regulation. The activation and inhibition of sucrose transport could be achieved in different stages and tissues of grape development to achieve an effective distribution of sugar.

scholarly journals Application of Anti-Transpirant to Control Sugar Accumulation in Grape Berries and Alcohol Degree in Wines Obtained from Thinned and Unthinned Vines of cv. Falanghina (Vitis vinifera L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Di Vaio ◽  
Clizia Villano ◽  
Maria Tiziana Lisanti ◽  
Nadia Marallo ◽  
Aurora Cirillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Net Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
Sensory Profiles ◽  
Vapor Gard

In the last few decades, the accumulation of sugar in grape berries and hence the alcohol degree of wines has been affected by increasing global temperatures. In order to limit plant photosynthetic activity, it is possible to apply anti-transpirant on field, reducing sugar accumulation in berries. In this contest, our aim was to evaluate the efficiency of the application of a di-1-p-menthene-based natural anti-transpirant (Vapor Gard®, VG) on Falanghina vines during 2013 and 2014. Plants were treated at veraison stage with VG and compared with water-sprayed ones for control. The experimental design included also bunch thinned (BT) plants treated with VG or water. The effect of VG and/or BT on grapes was evaluated through physiological measurements on vines and chemical analyses on berries and wines. Moreover, wine sensory profiles were produced. The results we obtained show that by applying anti-transpirant it is possible to induce a significant reduction of net photosynthesis rate (25%–40%) and stomatal conductance (40%–60%) on leaves, a lower sugar accumulation in berries (2 °Brix) and a consequent reduction of alcohol in the obtained wine (0.9%–1.6% vol.). These results suggest that anti-transpirant sprays could be a useful tool in reducing cost of yield manipulation, improving ripeness and reducing wine alcohol, without affecting the wine sensory profile.

scholarly journals Expression of Sucrose Transporters from Vitis vinifera Confer High Yield and Enhances Drought Resistance in Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2624
Author(s):  
Yumeng Cai ◽  
Jing Yan ◽  
Wenrui Tu ◽  
Zhefang Deng ◽  
Wenjie Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Sucrose Transport ◽  
Sucrose Transporters ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Sucrose is the predominant form of sugar transported from photosynthetic (source) to non-photosynthetic (sink) organs in higher plants relying on the transporting function of sucrose transporters (SUTs or SUCs). Many SUTs have been identified and characterized in both monocots and dicots. However, the function of sucrose transporters (SUTs or SUCs) from Vitis is not clear. As the world’s most planted grape species, Vitis vinifera owns three sucrose transport activity verified SUTs. In this study, we constructed three kinds of VvSUC (Vitis vinifera SUC)-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis. VvSUC-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis was cultured on sucrose-supplemented medium. VvSUC11- and VvSUC12-overexpressing lines had similar thrived growth phenotypes, whereas the size and number of leaves and roots from VvSUC27-overexpressing lines were reduced compared with that of WT. When plants were cultured in soil, all SUT transgenic seedlings produced more number of leaves and siliques, resulting in higher yield (38.6% for VvSUC12-transformants) than that of WT. Besides, VvSUC27-transformants and VvSUC11-transformants enhanced drought resistance in Arabidopsis, providing a promising target for crop improvement

scholarly journals Stem Vacuole-targeted Sucrose Isomerase Enhances Sugar Accumulation in Sorghum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoquan Liu ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Hao Gong ◽  
Shan Li ◽  
Yunrong Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Sucrose Transport ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Sucrose Isomerase

Abstract Background: Sugar accumulation is critically important in determining sugar crop productivity. However, improvement in sugar content has been stagnant among sugar crops for decades. Sorghum, especially sweet sorghum with high biomass, has shown great potential for biofuel. In this study, sorghum was investigated as a C4 diploid model for crops with more complicated genomes such as maize and sugarcane. To enhance sugar accumulation, the sucrose isomerase (SI) gene, driven by stem-specific promoters (A2 or LSG) with a vacuole-targeted signal peptide, was transformed into the sorghum inbred line (Tx430).Results: The study demonstrated that transgenic lines of grain sorghum, containing 50-60% isomaltulose, accumulated sevenfold (804 mM) more total sugar than the control Tx430 did (118 mM) in stalks. Subsequently, the elite engineered lines (A5, and LSG9) were crossed with sweet sorghum (R9188, and Rio). Total sugar contents (over 750 mM), were significantly higher in F1, and F2 progenies than the control Rio (480 mM). The sugar contents of the engineered lines (over 750 mM), including T0, T1, F1, and F2, are higher than that of the field-grown sugarcane (normal range 600-700 mmol/L). Additionally, physiological characterization demonstrated that the superior progenies had notably higher rates of photosynthesis, sucrose transport, and sink strength than the controls.Conclusions: The genetic engineering approach has significantly enhanced total sugar content in grain sorghum (T0, and T1) and hybrid sorghum (F1, and F2), demonstrating that sorghum can accumulate sugar contents as high or higher than sugarcane. This research puts sorghum in the spotlight and frontier as a biofuel crop, particularly as it is a shorter duration crop. The substantial increase in sugar content would lead to enormous financial benefits for industrial utilization. This study could have a substantial impact on renewable bioenergy. More importantly, our results demonstrated that the phenotype of high sugar accumulation is inheritable and shed light on improvement for other sugar crops.

scholarly journals Influence of abiotic and biotic factors on the development of sour rot of grape berries

2020 ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
Евгения Спиридоновна Галкина ◽  
Елена Александровна Болотянская ◽  
Владимир Владимирович Андреев ◽  
Сергей Юрьевич Белаш ◽  
Евгения Георгиевна Юрченко
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Grape Variety ◽  
The South ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Sour Rot ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors

В последние годы на виноградниках Южного берега Крыма участились случаи потери весомой доли урожая такого ценного технического сорта винограда, как Мускат белый из-за интенсивного поражения кислой гнилью гроздей в период их созревания. С целью определения факторов биотической и абиотической природы, способствующих развитию данного заболевания и поиска наиболее эффективных способов ее контроля, в 2016-2019 годах на участке сорта Мускат белый (филиал «Ливадия» ГУП РК «ПАО «Массандра», ЮБК) была выполнена серия полевых опытов. В результате проведенных исследований установлено, что основными факторами, способствующими развитию кислой гнили, являются температура воздуха, количество осадков, интенсивность поражения ягод оидиумом и повреждения их растительноядными трипсами, скорость сахаронакопления. За четыре года наблюдений в условиях Южного берега Крыма установлена сильная зависимость степени поражения ягод винограда сорта Мускат белый кислой гнилью от количества осадков за июль-сентябрь (r=0,7-0,8), степени развития оидиума (r=0,8-0,9) и повреждения кожицы ягод трипсами (r=0,6-0,7), а также от содержания сахара в соке ягод винограда (r=0,8-0,9). In recent years cases of loss of a significant share of the yield of such a valuable wine grape variety as ‘Muscat Blanc’ due to intense sour rot of bunches in the ripening period have become more frequent in vineyards of the South Coast of Crimea. In order to determine factors of biotic and abiotic nature contributing to the development of this disease, and for finding the most effective ways to control it, series of field experiments were carried out on the close of ‘Muscat Blanc’ grape variety in 2016-2019 (Livadiya branch of FSUE PJSC Massandra, South Coast of Crimea) . As a result of the studies, it was found that the main factors contributing to the development of sour rot are air temperature, depth of rainfall, the intensity of damage to berries by oidium and affection by phytivorous thrips, and the speed of sugar accumulation. For four years of observations in the conditions of the South Coast of Crimea, a strong dependence of the degree of affection of ‘Muscat Blanc’ grape variety with sour rot on the depth of rainfall in July - September (r = 0.7-0.8), the degree of development of oidium (r = 0.8- 0.9) and damage to the skin of berries by thrips (r = 0.6-0.7), as well as on the sugar content in the juice of grape berries (r = 0.8-0.9).

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