scholarly journals Controlled Transdermal Iontophoresis of Insulin from Water-Soluble Polypyrrole Nanoparticles: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12479
Author(s):  
Kamran Tari ◽  
Soroush Khamoushian ◽  
Tayyebeh Madrakian ◽  
Abbas Afkhami ◽  
Marek Jan Łos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Drug Permeation ◽  
Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Polypyrrole Nanoparticles ◽  
Transdermal Iontophoresis

The iontophoresis delivery of insulin (INS) remains a serious challenge due to the low permeability of the drug through the skin. This work aims to investigate the potential of water-soluble polypyrrole nanoparticles (WS-PPyNPs) as a drug donor matrix for controlled transdermal iontophoresis of INS. WS-PPyNPs have been prepared via a simple chemical polymerization in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as both dopant and the stabilizing agent. The synthesis of the soluble polymer was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluorescence spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FT–IR) spectroscopy. The loading mechanism of INS onto the WS-PPyNPs is based on the fact that the drug molecules can be replaced with doped dodecyl sulfate. A two-compartment Franz-type diffusion cell was employed to study the effect of current density, formulation pH, INS concentration, and sodium chloride concentration on anodal iontophoresis (AIP) and cathodal iontophoresis (CIP) of INS across the rat skin. Both AIP and CIP delivery of INS using WS-PPyNPs were significantly increased compared to passive delivery. Furthermore, while the AIP experiment (60 min at 0.13 mA cm–2) show low cumulative drug permeation for INS (about 20.48 µg cm−2); the CIP stimulation exhibited a cumulative drug permeation of 68.29 µg cm−2. This improvement is due to the separation of positively charged WS-PPyNPs and negatively charged INS that has occurred in the presence of cathodal stimulation. The obtained results confirm the potential applicability of WS-PPyNPs as an effective approach in the development of controlled transdermal iontophoresis of INS.

scholarly journals Chitosan/Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Complexes for Microencapsulation of Vitamin E and Its Release Profile—Understanding the Effect of Anionic Surfactant

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Jelena Milinković Budinčić ◽  
Lidija Petrović ◽  
Ljiljana Đekić ◽  
Milijana Aleksić ◽  
Jadranka Fraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Anionic Surfactant ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Dodecyl Sulfate

Microencapsulation of bioactive substances is a common strategy for their protection and release rate control. The use of chitosan (Ch) is particularly promising due to its abundance, biocompatibility, and interaction with anionic surfactants to form complexes of different characteristics with relevance for use in microcapsule wall design. In this study, Ch/sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) microcapsules, without and with cross-linking agent (formaldehyde (FA) or glutaraldehyde (GA)), were obtained by the spray drying of vitamin E loaded oil-in-water emulsion. All of the microcapsules had good stability during the drying process. Depending on the composition, their product yield, moisture content, and encapsulation efficiency varied between 11–34%, 1.14–1.62%, and 94–126%, respectively. SEM and FTIR analysis results indicate that SDS as well as cross-linkers significantly affected the microcapsule wall properties. The profiles of in vitro vitamin E release from the investigated microcapsules fit with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model (r2 > 0.9). The chemical structure of the anionic surfactant was found to have a significant effect on the vitamin E release mechanism. Ch/SDS coacervates may build a microcapsule wall without toxic crosslinkers. This enabled the combined diffusion/swelling based release mechanism of the encapsulated lipophilic substance, which can be considered favorable for utilization in food and pharmaceutical products.

scholarly journals Comparative In Vitro Sensitivities of Human Immune Cell Lines, Vaginal and Cervical Epithelial Cell Lines, and Primary Cells to Candidate Microbicides Nonoxynol 9, C31G, and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 2292-2298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred C. Krebs ◽  
Shendra R. Miller ◽  
Bradley J. Catalone ◽  
Raina Fichorova ◽  
Deborah Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Primary Cells ◽  
Cytokine Activation ◽  
Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Human Immune

ABSTRACT In experiments to assess the in vitro impact of the candidate microbicides nonoxynol 9 (N-9), C31G, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on human immune and epithelial cell viability, cell lines and primary cell populations of lymphocytic and monocytic origin were generally shown to be equally sensitive to exposures ranging from 10 min to 48 h. However, U-937 cells were more sensitive to N-9 and C31G after 48 h than were primary monocyte-derived macrophages. Cytokine activation of monocytes and lymphocytes had no effect on cell viability following exposure to these microbicidal compounds. Primary and passaged vaginal epithelial cultures and cell lines differed in sensitivity to N-9 and C31G but not SDS. These studies provide a foundation for in vitro experiments in which cell lines of human immune and epithelial origin can be used as suitable surrogates for primary cells to further investigate the effects of microbicides on cell metabolism, membrane composition, and integrity and the effects of cell type, proliferation, and differentiation on microbicide sensitivity.

Effects of microwave irradiation on ruminal degradation and in vitro digestibility of soya-bean meal

2005 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Sadeghi ◽  
A. Nikkhah ◽  
P. Shawrang
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

AbstractThis study was carried out to determine ruminal dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradation characteristics of untreated, 2-, 4- and 6-min microwave-treated soya-bean meal (SBM) by using nylon bags and sodium dodecyl sulphatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) techniques. Nylon bags of untreated or treated SBM were suspended into the rumen of three Holstein steers from 0 to 48 h, and data were fitted to non-linear degradation characteristics to calculate effective rumen degradation (ERD). There were significant differences (P < 0·05) for DM and CP degradation parameters between untreated and microwave-treated SBM. Microwave treatments decreased the water-soluble fraction and increased the potentially degradable fraction of CP. The degradation rate of the latter fraction decreased with these treatments. As a consequence, microwave treatments decreased (P < 0·05) ERD of CP. From densitometric scanning, SBM proteins were seen to be composed of two major components; β-conglycinin and glycinin, accounting for proportionately 0·30 and 0·40 of buffer-soluble SBM proteins, respectively. Electrophoretic analysis of untreated, 2-, 4- and 6-min microwave-treated SBM protein residues revealed that two of the subunits of β-conglycinin (α -and α) were degraded completely after 2, 4, 24 and 48 h, respectively, whereas the α subunit of this protein was more resistant to degradation. In untreated SBM, the two subunits of glycinin (acidic and basic polypeptides) were degraded in the middle of the incubation period, but in microwave-treated SBM were not degraded until 48 h of incubation. In vitro digestibility of ruminally undegraded CP of untreated and treated SBM increased (P < 0·05) with increases in rumen incubation time from 8 to 24 h. In conclusion, SBM proteins appeared to be effectively protected from ruminal degradation by a 4-min microwave treatment. SDS-PAGE results indicated that ruminally undegraded protein from untreated SBM was mainly composed of the basic subunit of glycinin, whereas that from microwave-treated SBM was composed of β-conglycinin and both basic and acidic subunits of glycinin.

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