scholarly journals How 2.5D Maps Design Improve the Wayfinding Performance and Spatial Ability of Map Users

Informatics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Meng-Cong Zheng ◽  
Yi-Wen Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Map Reading ◽  
Optimal Methods ◽  
Additional Dimension ◽  
Map Design

Useful information can be provided by 2.5D maps that can take advantage of the additional dimension. However, aside from stereoscopic landmarks, optimal methods for presenting other essential information is unclear. Two experiments were conducted to explore how the presentation of 2.5D maps can effectively increase wayfinding performance. First, analysis was performed to understand the effects of 2.5D maps on wayfinding behavior and map reading. Then, a 2.5D map design was proposed and verified to optimize the 2.5D map presentation of urban environments. The results showed that compared with users of low view angle maps, those using high view angle maps orientated more easily with elements of the map during wayfinding tasks. High view angle maps allowed superior performance, and including transparency and lines improved wayfinding performance. The participants using maps that were opaque and with lines exhibited the most confusion and hesitation. The participants who used maps that were transparent and had lines exhibited the least confusion and hesitation. Highlighting buildings at intersections can help map users use the intersections as references and increase their intuitive spatial ability.

scholarly journals Accessible maps for the color vision deficient observers: past and present knowledge and future possibilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Kristin Kvitle
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Map Reading ◽  
Visual Variables ◽  
Map Design

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Color is part of the visual variables in map, serving an aesthetic part and as a guide of attention. Impaired color vision affects the ability to distinguish colors, which makes the task of decoding the map colors difficult. Map reading is reported as a challenging task for these observers, especially when the size of stimuli is small. The aim of this study is to review existing methods for map design for color vision deficient users. A systematic review of research literature and case studies of map design for CVD observers has been conducted in order to give an overview of current knowledge and future research challenges. In addition, relevant research on simulations of CVD and color image enhancement for these observers from other fields of industry is included. The study identified two main approaches: pre-processing by using accessible colors and post-processing by using enhancement methods. Some of the methods may be applied for maps, but requires tailoring of test images according to map types.</p>

Map Use - Perspectives in Geographic Undergraduate Education

1997 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Derek Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Undergraduate Education ◽  
Reading Strategies ◽  
Spatial Reasoning ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Computer Mapping ◽  
Reasoning Process ◽  
Map Reading ◽  
Map Design

The author introduces junior-level students with no background to various tasks involving maps, computer mapping and GIS as part of a project called Urban World. A concern is how to evaluate the student's learning as well as the products the students produce, whether on paper or electronically. Three challenges are posed to the cartographic community. What can we offer in terms of map reading strategies? Do we have guidelines for good cartographic practice and helpful hints about map design? What research has there been on the complexities of the individualistic analysis and decision-making that are major elements of the spatial reasoning process?

scholarly journals Tailoring Map Design Based on Map-Reading and Way-Finding Behaviour in Subway Stations

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 466-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Ying Li ◽  
Haruo Hibino ◽  
Shinichi Koyama ◽  
Meng-Cong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Map Reading ◽  
Map Design ◽  
Way Finding ◽  
Subway Stations

Contour Design and the Topographic Map User

1977 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian W. Cromie
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Map Reading ◽  
Map Design ◽  
Visual Characteristics ◽  
Contour Design ◽  
Speed And Accuracy ◽  
Complete Deletion ◽  
Selection Of

Owing to their considerable information content and unique visual characteristics, terrain contours may be a particularly noisy element of the topographic map. Theoretical arguments based on recent psychological and psychophysical research are presented in support of this hypothesis. As a test, an experiment is carried out on sample maps having various contour designs. Subjects are asked to perform a selection of tasks on the maps; speed and accuracy are used to measure contouring influence. It appears that most users are adversely affected by contours, but also that, of the alternatives tested, only complete deletion of the contouring image would lead to a consistent improvement of map reading. Results are discussed in terms of user abilities, and implications for map design are suggested.

scholarly journals Map compiling, map reading, and cartographic design in "Pragmatic pyramid of thematic mapping"

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Medyńska-Gulij
Keyword(s):  
Simple Relationship ◽  
Functional Dependencies ◽  
Thematic Maps ◽  
Map Reading ◽  
Special Regard ◽  
Sources Of Knowledge ◽  
Thematic Mapping ◽  
Map Design

Map compiling, map reading, and cartographic design in "Pragmatic pyramid of thematic mapping" This paper concerns the dependent relationships between map compilation, map reading, and cartographic design with special regard to thematic mapping. The first step is to measure the simple relationship between cartographic practice and map design and present a pyramid of pragmatic thematic mapping. The model contains various types of maps, a range of cartographic principles, and sources of knowledge for map design. When presented as a pyramid, these functional dependencies can refer to a series of pragmatic criteria which relate to the use of thematic maps.

scholarly journals Modeling Patterns in Map Use Contexts and Mobile Map Design Usability

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 527
Author(s):  
Mona Bartling ◽  
Clemens R. Havas ◽  
Stefan Wegenkittl ◽  
Tumasch Reichenbacher ◽  
Bernd Resch
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Archetypal Analysis ◽  
Map Reading ◽  
Map Design ◽  
Use Context ◽  
Context Data ◽  
Reading Activities

Mobile map applications are increasingly used in various aspects of our lives, leading to an increase in different map use situations and, therefore, map use contexts. Several empirical usability studies have identified how map design is associated with and impacted by selected map use context attributes. This research seeks to expand on these studies and analyzes combinations of map use contexts to identify relevant contextual factors that influence mobile map design usability. In a study with 50 participants from Colombia, we assessed in an online survey the usability of 27 map design variations (consisting of three map-reading tasks, three base map styles, and three interactivity variants). We found that the overall map design is critical in supporting map-reading activities (e.g., identifying a location on a map was supported by a simplified base map, whereas selecting points on the map was supported by a more detailed base map). We then evaluated user patterns in the collected data with archetypal analysis. It was possible to create archetypal representations of the participants with a corresponding map design profile and establish a workflow for modeling patterns in usability and context data. We recommend that future research continues assessing archetypal analysis as it provides a means for context-based decision-making on map design adaptation and transferability.

scholarly journals The Role of Map Legends in the Process of Map Use. Conclusions from An Exploratory Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Gołębiowska
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Map Reading ◽  
Think Aloud Protocols ◽  
Map Design

Abstract Map and geospatial information is an essential tool in many fields of human activities. Although cartographers were extensively involved in cognitive map design research during the second part of the 20th century, the map use process as well as the significance of individual map design elements have not been studied in sufficient depth. The article discusses the results of a controlled experiment. The exploratory study aimed to simulate the execution of some problem-solving tasks based on the information derived from thematic maps with differently designed legends, viz.: list-legend, grouping-legend and natural-legend. On the basis of think-aloud protocols, it has been confirmed that some differences in map reading depend on the legend used.

scholarly journals Urban Running Activity Detected Using a Seismic Sensor during COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumin Zhao ◽  
Yunyue Elita Li ◽  
Enhedelihai Nilot ◽  
Gang Fang
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Screening Criteria ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Human Foot ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Seismic Sensors ◽  
Primary Frequency

Abstract Human foot traffic in urban environments provides essential information for city planners to manage the urban resources and urban residents to plan their activities. Compared to camera or mobile-based solutions, seismic sensors detect human footstep signals with fewer privacy concerns. However, seismic sensors often record signals generated from multiple sources, particularly in an urban outdoor environment. In this article, we monitor people’s running activities during COVID-19 pandemic with a seismic sensor in a park in Singapore. We compare the spectra of natural and urban events in the recorded seismic data. For each 3 s seismic data, we define hierarchical screening criteria to identify footsteps based on the spectrum of the signal and its envelope. We derive the cadence of each runner by detecting the primary frequency of the footstep signals. The resulting algorithm achieves higher accuracy and higher temporal resolution for weak and overlapping signals compared to existing methods. Runner statistics based on four-month long seismic data show that urban running activities have clear daily and weekly cycles. Lockdown measures to mitigate COVID-19 pandemic promoted running activities, particularly over the weekends. Cadence statistics show that morning runners have higher cadence on average.

scholarly journals Evidence for a unitary structure of spatial cognition beyond general intelligence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margherita Malanchini ◽  
Kaili Rimfeld ◽  
Nicholas G. Shakeshaft ◽  
Andrew McMillan ◽  
Kerry L. Schofield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Genetic Network ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Map Reading ◽  
Object Based ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

ABSTRACTPerformance in everyday spatial orientation tasks (e.g. map reading and navigation) has been considered functionally separate from performance on more abstract object-based spatial abilities (e.g. mental rotation and visualization). However, evidence remains scarce and unsystematic. With a novel gamified battery, we assessed six tests of spatial orientation in a virtual environment and examined their association with ten object-based spatial tests, as well as their links to general cognitive ability (g). We further estimated the role of genetic and environmental factors in underlying variation and covariation in these spatial tests. Participants (N = 2,660) were part of the Twins Early Development Study, aged 19 to 22. The 6 tests of spatial orientation clustered into a single ‘Navigation’ factor that was 64% heritable. Examining the structure of spatial ability across all 16 tests, three factors emerged: Navigation, Object Manipulation and Visualization. These, in turn, loaded strongly onto a general factor of Spatial Ability, which was highly heritable (84%). A large portion (45%) of this high heritability was independent of g. The results from this most comprehensive investigation of spatial abilities to date point towards the existence of a common genetic network that supports all spatial abilities.

scholarly journals Map Design in Subway Stations through Passengers’ Wayfinding Behavior Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Ying Li ◽  
Meng-Cong Zheng ◽  
Haruo Hibino
Keyword(s):  
Publishing House ◽  
Verbal Report ◽  
Subway Station ◽  
Map Reading ◽  
Map Design ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
Subway Stations ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Open Access Article ◽  
Selection Of

This empirical study of behavioural observation with a verbal report attempts to understand the process of map-reading for purposes of wayfinding in a subway station at Taipei in Taiwan. Subjects were required to find the shortest way in reaching an exit via three manners - without a map, aided by 2D, and 3D map. The results indicated that the design of underground space maps should support a direction and floor wayfinding strategy, plus the selection of a suitable angle of vision.. Important considerations include marking the nearest exit, marking scale, intensifying wall performance, and clarifying the discrimination of different floors and areas. Keywords: subway station, map-reading, map design, wayfinding. © 2017 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document