scholarly journals The Selected Issues of Adaptation of 19th and 20th Century Post-Industrial Buildings in Łódź

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Urban ◽  
Michał Gołdyn
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structure ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Historical Structures ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Historical Masonry ◽  
Post Industrial

The paper deals with selected technical problems related to the adaptation for new uses of the structure of existing post-industrial buildings from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. A major difficulty is the fact that the strength and geometric properties of cast-iron, steel, and masonry elements often differ significantly from the values characterizing contemporary materials. Due to uncertainty regarding the load-carrying capacity of historical structures, in many cases there is a need to carry out destructive tests of elements taken from the buildings. As the example of cast-iron girders in the former spinning mill of “I. Poznański” demonstrated, such tests can prove a significant margin of load-carrying capacity and confirm the possibility of adapting the structure to new purposes. The paper also presents examples of strengthening the existing wooden ceilings by joining with the reinforced concrete structure, which allowed the keeping of the original elements and an increase of the allowable load. Selected problems related to the assessment of historical masonry structures were also described. The discussed examples of structural failures showed that they often resulted from incorrect assessment of the strength of historical masonry elements as well as improperly conducted construction works.

scholarly journals About problems with cast iron columns of the revitalized post-industrial buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 05010
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Urban ◽  
Michał Gołdyn
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Material Uncertainties ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Existing Structure

The paper discusses examples of the use of cast iron columns in existing post-industrial buildings. The results of experimental investigations in which a cast iron column originating from an existing structure was subjected to compression, were presented. The load carrying capacity of the element was assessed in the light of historical design procedures, demonstrating their conservativeness resulting from material uncertainties. The examples of failures of cast iron columns, resulting from errors committed during modernization works, were also presented.

scholarly journals Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams Subjected to Concentrated Loads

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Foraboschi
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Shear Capacity ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structure ◽  
Concentrated Loads ◽  
Concentrated Load ◽  
Load Carrying

Renovation, restoration, remodeling, refurbishment, and retrofitting of build-ings often imply modifying the behavior of the structural system. Modification sometimes includes applying forces (i.e., concentrated loads) to beams that before were subjected to distributed loads only. For a reinforced concrete structure, the new condition causes a beam to bear a concentrated load with the crack pattern that was produced by the distributed loads that acted in the past. If the concentrated load is applied at or near the beam’s midspan, the new shear demand reaches the maximum around the midspan. But around the midspan, the cracks are vertical or quasi-vertical, and no inclined bar is present. So, the actual shear capacity around the midspan not only is low, but also can be substantially lower than the new demand. In order to bring the beam capacity up to the demand, fiber-reinforced-polymer composites can be used. This paper presents a design method to increase the concentrated load-carrying capacity of reinforced concrete beams whose load distribution has to be changed from distributed to concentrated, and an analytical model to pre-dict the concentrated load-carrying capacity of a beam in the strengthened state.

scholarly journals Failures of the Cast-Iron Columns of Historic Buildings—Case Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Michał Gołdyn ◽  
Tadeusz Urban
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
Material Uncertainties ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
Post Industrial

Selected technical problems related to the rehabilitation of cast-iron columns in structures from the turn of the 19th and 20th century are discussed in the paper. Lack of contemporary standard regulations related to the design of cast-iron structures is a significant problem in the design works and experimental investigations on cast-iron columns are frequently required. The paper presents results of the tests concerning principal properties of cast-iron—strength and deformability. The historical design principles are discussed in the light of the results of experimental investigations. As it was demonstrated, the actual load-carrying capacities of cast-iron columns may exceed by several times the values resulting from the 20th century design rules. The conservatism of the design principles resulted, however, from the material uncertainties—lack of homogeneity and hidden defects of the cast-iron. Selected examples of failures of cast-iron columns from 19th-century structures such as post-industrial buildings and engineering structures are discussed. They resulted from errors made during adaptation works. The reasons for these failures and considered methods of repairing the structures are presented.

scholarly journals Starred angles supporting secondary trusses

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-129
Author(s):  
Murray C. Temple ◽  
Kenneth Hon-Wa Mok
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
The Other ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
Compression Members ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Structural Connections ◽  
Open Nature

In some large industrial buildings, it is common to span large areas by using primary trusses in one direction and secondary trusses in the other. The secondary trusses frame into the vertical web members in the primary trusses. Starred angles are frequently used as the vertical web members in the primary trusses because of their symmetrical cross section and the ease with which the connections can be made. These starred angles are usually designed as axially loaded members, but the open nature of the cross section and the fact that the secondary truss frames into one of the angles has raised some doubts about this loading assumption. As a result of this concern, an experimental research program was undertaken to investigate the behaviour and strength of starred angle web members supporting secondary trusses. The results obtained indicate that these starred angle compression members are not concentrically loaded, as the stress distribution across the angles is not uniform. It was found that if the slenderness ratio is modified in accordance with the requirements of ASCE Manual 52, the load-carrying capacity of the starred angles supporting secondary trusses can be determined using Clause 13.3.1 of CAN3-S16.1-M84. Key words: angles (starred), buckling, columns (structural), connections, trusses.

Assessment of Cast-Iron Columns Using Analytical Models

2016 ◽  
Vol 821 ◽  
pp. 782-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Brych ◽  
Miroslav Sýkora
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Industrial Heritage ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Extensive Experimental Data ◽  
Good Agreement

The paper focuses on the assessment of cast-iron columns in industrial heritage structures. For cast-iron structures it is difficult to verify metallurgical composition and processing technology, which directly affect the geometry of cross-sections. The crucial issue of reliability of cast-iron structures is their brittle fracture in tension at higher slenderness ratios. The load carrying capacity of columns is affected by their stability and cast-iron strength in compression and tension. Outcomes of two recently proposed analytical models are compared with extensive experimental data and model uncertainty is quantified. It appears that the model is in a good agreement with experimental data and provides reasonably conservative estimates of load carrying capacity. Outcomes of the study may provide basis for foreseen improvements in calculating buckling coefficient according to ČSN 730038:2014.

Influence of Yield Strength Variability over Cross-Section to Steel Beam Load-Carrying Capacity

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kala ◽  
Z. Kala
Keyword(s):  
Yield Strength ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Strength Variability ◽  
Hot Rolled ◽  
Hot Rolled Steel

Authors of article analysed influence of variability of yield strength over cross-section of hot rolled steel member to its load-carrying capacity. In calculation models, the yield strength is usually taken as constant. But yield strength of a steel hot-rolled beam is generally a random quantity. Not only the whole beam but also its parts have slightly different material characteristics. According to the results of more accurate measurements, the statistical characteristics of the material taken from various cross-section points (e.g. from a web and a flange) are, however, more or less different. This variation is described by one dimensional random field. The load-carrying capacity of the beam IPE300 under bending moment at its ends with the lateral buckling influence included is analysed, nondimensional slenderness according to EC3 is λ¯ = 0.6. For this relatively low slender beam the influence of the yield strength on the load-carrying capacity is large. Also the influence of all the other imperfections as accurately as possible, the load-carrying capacity was determined by geometrically and materially nonlinear solution of very accurate FEM model by the ANSYS programme.

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