scholarly journals Temporal Dynamics of Host Use by Drosophila suzukii in California’s San Joaquin Valley: Implications for Area-Wide Pest Management

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingeng Wang ◽  
Gülay Kaçar ◽  
Kent M. Daane
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Host Use ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Lower Survival Rate

A major challenge to the area-wide management of Drosophila suzukii is understanding the fly’s host use and temporal dynamics, which may dictate local movement patterns. We determined D. suzukii’s seasonal host use in California’s San Joaquin Valley by sampling common crop and non-crop fruits in a temporal sequence of fruit ripening. We then evaluated the suitability of selected fruits as hosts. Drosophila suzukii emerged from both intact and damaged cherries during the cooler, early season period. Fly density remained low through the hot spring–summer period and re-surged as temperatures lowered in fall when the fly did not cause damage to intact peach, nectarine, plum, pear, grape, pomegranate, apple, persimmon and citrus (in order of ripening) but did emerge from the damaged fruits of these crops. The fly also emerged from two ornamental fruits (loquats and cactus) but was not found on wild plum and two endemic wild fruits (buckthorn and bitter berry). Drosophila suzukii completed development (egg to adult) on cactus, mandarin carpel, pomegranate seed, wild plum and buckthorn at survival rates similar to cherry (51.2–68.8%), whereas it had a lower survival rate on bitter cherry (33.2%), table grape (31.5%), raisin grape (26.5%), and wine grape (4.5%). The high acidity levels of grapes negatively affected the fly’s fitness. Among 10 cherry cultivars, survival rate was not affected by sugar content, but it decreased with increasing egg density per gram of fruit. Results suggest that in California’s San Joaquin Valley, the early season crops are most vulnerable, summer fruits ripen during a period of low pest pressure, and late season fruits, when damaged, serve to sustain D. suzukii’s populations in this region.

scholarly journals Cancers With Bad and Good Survival Among Male Population of Northeast India

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 39s-39s
Author(s):  
M. Kalita ◽  
J.D. Sharma ◽  
N. Baishya ◽  
A.C. Kataki
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Lower Survival Rate

Background: The northeast region of India has an overall high incidence, mortality and lower survival rate of cancer in the country, an annual expected of around 40,000 were diagnosed with cancer every year in this region. Mortality rate due to cancer in northeastern India is increasing mainly because of difficulties in accessing the facilities for cancer diagnosis and treatment, socioeconomic conditions, lack of awareness, taboo, misconception and wide disparity in both diagnosis and treatment of cancers among the eight different states (regions) within northeast India. Furthermore, affordability of cancer care remains a major challenge in this part of India for effective cancer control. Aim: This study was conducted with a vision to provide an idea about the cancer survival pattern of 45 million of people living in the northeastern region of India with correlation to time at diagnosis and treatment competition status. Methods: All the cases registered with a history of cancer in between 2010-2014 calendar years. Five year observed survival was calculated based on all the followed up until 2017. Three categories were made for treatment-wise survival analysis, 1) those that have completed cancer treatment 2) those that did not completed treatment 3) those who have not taken any cancer directed treatment. The 5-year survival rates were generated by using the SPSS V19 software. Kaplan-Meier method was used to generate the statistics. Results: The five years overall survival for all cancers in men is 24.3% with earlier stage at diagnosis has a better survival (Stage I, 52.1%) than later stage (Stage IV, 18.8%) at diagnosis. Completed course of cancer directed treatment found to be playing a significant role in enhancing the survival among the patients. The five-year survival for completed cancer directed treatment is 27.5% followed by 12.5% for incomplete and 8.5% for those with no cancer directed treatment group. Inequality in survival was observed among different sites of cancer, as some cancers harm younger people more than others. The five year observed survival for all sites was ranges from 0% to 75.8%. Cancer of liver (0%), pancreas (0%), lung (2.4%), gallbladder (7.9%) and stomach (10.3%) is found as more lethal than other cancers as the five years survival was in-between the range 0%-10%. Cancer of Hodgkin lymphoma (75.8%) has the highest five year cancer survival rate followed by testis (60.1%), breast-male (55.3%), penis (49.7%) and skin cancer (49.1%). The prostate cancer (19.0%) rate is very low compared with other global parts of the world where it reaches around 100% in many countries. Advances in early detection and treatment can enhance the survival rate in these regions. Conclusion: The 5-year survival showed an increasing survival with decreasing in stage at the time of diagnosis and decreasing in number of decline treatment percentage among northeastern population.

Genetic and non-genetic factors affecting pre-weaning survivability in kids

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Singh ◽  
H. R. Mishra ◽  
C. S. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Genetic Group ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Lower Survival Rate ◽  
Filial Generation ◽  
Group Sex

ABSTRACTThe present study was carried out on 1243 kids (379 Black Bengal; 568 Jamunapari × Black Bengal and 296 Beetal × Black Bengal) born between 1981 and 1986. Data were analysed to study the influence of genetic group, sex, season of birth, type of birth, birth weight, dam's weight at kidding, filial generation and parity of dam (as covariate) on survivability of kids during the pre-weaning period (0 to 90 days of age). The overall survival rates during 0 to 15, 16 to 30, 31 to 60, 61 to 90 and 0 to 90 days of age were 81·68 (s.e. 2·89), 95·55 (s.e. 2·00), 90·77 (s.e. 2·33), 93·31 (s.e. 2·59) and 69·94 (s.e. 3·65) % respectively. Variation in survival rates from 0 to 15 days of age was significant due to genetic group (P < 0·01), birth weight (P < 0·01), dam's weight at kidding and parity of dams as a covariate (P < 0·05). Season of birth (P < 0·05), weight of kids (P < 0·01) and dam's weight at kidding (P < 0·01) had significant effects on survival rate during 0 to 90 days of age. Sex and type of birth had no significant effect on survival rates. The interaction effects of genetic groups with season of birth and sex on pre-weaning survival rates were not significant in all ages except the effect between genetic group and sex during 31 to 60 days of age. An improvement in survival rates during the period of study was noticed with the increase in filial generation number from Fj to F3, although the difference was not significant except from 61 to 90 days of age (P < 0·05). Birth weight of kids had a positive linear relationship with survivability during the pre-weaning period. Summer-born kids had a significantly lower survival rate than those born in the winter and monsoon periods from 16 to 30, 61 to 90 and from 0 to 90 days of age. A negative linear relationship was observed between dam's weight at kidding and survival rates of kids from 0 to 90 days of age except the 25 to 30 kg dams deviate. Heritability estimates of survival rates during pre-weaning periods were not significantly different from zero, indicating that improvement by simple selection is probably limited.

scholarly journals 12-Month Self-Ligating Bracket Failure Rate with a Self-Etching Primer

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1095-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selma Elekdag-Turk ◽  
Fethiye Cakmak ◽  
Devrim Isci ◽  
Tamer Turk
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Bond Failure ◽  
Lower Survival Rate ◽  
Log Rank Test ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objective: To compare the clinical performance of a self-etching primer (SEP) with a conventional two-step etch and primer method (CM). Materials and Methods: Study subjects were 39 patients with a mean age of 15 years 7 months. Six hundred and eighty-eight brackets were bonded by one operator with a split-mouth design, using Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer or a conventional two-step etch and primer (Transbond XT). The survival rate of the brackets was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier analysis. Bracket survival distributions with respect to bonding procedure, dental arch, type of tooth (incisor, canine, and premolar) and patients' gender were compared using the log-rank test. Bond failure interface was determined using the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). Results: The bond failure rates of SEP and CM were 4.7% and 1.7%, respectively. A significant difference was found between the bonding procedures using the log-rank test (P &lt; .05). Furthermore, canine and premolar teeth displayed a lower survival rate than incisor teeth (P &lt; .05). Survival rates did not show significant differences between the upper and lower dental arches and patients' gender (P &gt; .05). No significant difference was observed for ARI scores (P &gt; .05). Conclusion: These findings indicate that the SEP (Transbond Plus) can be effectively used to bond orthodontic brackets.

scholarly journals Testicular Cancer Incidence and Mortality in New Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-364
Author(s):  
Zachariah D. Taylor ◽  
Elizabeth McLeod ◽  
Charlotte C. Gard ◽  
Michael E. Woods
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Testicular Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Lower Survival Rate ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Objective: To examine incidence and survival of testicular cancer in New Mexico, overall and separately for border and non-border counties.Methods: Incidence and 5-year survival rates for testicular cancer were obtained from the SEER18 database using the SEER*Stat program following established NCI protocols. Incidence data were com­pared using Student’s t-test. Age-adjusted 5-year survival and Kaplan-Meier method were used to estimate survival. Log-rank tests were used to compare survival for New Mexico to the remaining17 geographi­cal areas of the SEER 18 and for the New Mexico border counties to the New Mexico non-border counties. Odds ratios were used to compare testicular stage at diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to account for race/ethnicity, and border status.Results: From 2000-2015, New Mexico had a testicular cancer incidence rate of 6.3 per 100,000 people, significantly higher than SEER18 (P<.001). The 5-year survival rate in New Mexico did not differ signifi­cantly from the SEER18 (P=.3). Border His­panics had a lower survival rate than border non-Hispanic populations (P=.03). From 2000-2018, New Mexico had a significantly higher proportion of distant cancers than the SEER18 (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.53, P=.005).Conclusions: The higher incidence of testicular cancer in New Mexico does not appear to have a clear explanation based on the current understanding of risk factors; however, the increased incidence in New Mexico does not appear to be associated with increased mortality. The higher propor­tion of advanced testicular cancers in New Mexico may represent a delay in diagnosis. The increased mortality rate seen in Hispan­ic border populations may be due in part to barriers to care.Ethn Dis. 2020;30(2):357- 364; doi:10.18865/ed.30.2.357

Long-term Survival Rates of Implants Supporting Overdentures

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Balaguer ◽  
Javier Ata-Ali ◽  
David Peñarrocha-Oltra ◽  
Berta García ◽  
María Peñarrocha-Diago
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Lower Survival Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
A Prospective Study

The study aims were to evaluate survival rates of dental implants in patients wearing maxillary and mandibular overdentures in relation to age, sex, smoking, implant splinting or non-splinting, the maxilla rehabilitated, and number of implants per dental arch. This was a prospective study of patients who were completely edentulous in either mandible or maxilla or both, rehabilitated with implant-retained overdentures, with a follow-up of at least 3 years. 95 patients with 107 overdentures were supported by 360 implants were included in the study. Rehabilitations were monitored over an average of 95 ± 20.3 months (range 36–159). Implant survival in the maxilla was 91.9% and in the mandible 98.6%, representing a statistically significant difference (P &lt; .05). Age, sex and implant splinting did not influence survival rates significantly. Smokers presented a lower survival rate. Implant numbers in the maxilla had a significant influence on survival, 100% for 6 but 85.7% for 4. Three mandibular implants achieved higher survival rates (100%) but with 2 (96.6%) or 4 (99%) survival was lower, although without significant difference. Long-term results suggest that 3-implant mandibular overdentures have an equivalent survival rate to 4-implant overdentures. In the maxilla, results showed that 6 implants may be the best treatment strategy. For smokers with fewer implants retaining the overdentures, there were higher numbers of implant failures.

Effect of streamer tags on survival and growth of juvenile tiger prawns, Penaeus monodon, under laboratory conditions

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Primavera ◽  
RM Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Lower Survival Rate ◽  
Lower Survival ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Survival And Growth

The effects of streamer tags and initial prawn size on survival and growth in 2-month- and 7-monthold pond-reared juveniles of Penaeus monodon Fabricius ( 1 1-30 mm carapace length, CL) were assessed under laboratory conditions. Tagging did not cause immediate mortality in juveniles of 11-21 mm CL within a one-week period but led to a significantly lower survival rate after 6 to 8 weeks in 1-m3 tanks. However, tagged prawns of 21-30 mm CL showed high long-term survival rates up to 90% in a 12-m3 tank. The 2-month-old juveniles had lower survival rates than 7-month-old prawns. Specific growth rate was not affected by tagging but was significantly higher in smaller prawns. In general, there was no interaction between the effects of tagging and prawn size in terms of growth and survival rates. The lower long-term survival rate associated with tags may be due to the attractiveness of tags to predators, or to trauma or stress caused by the weight of the tags. These factors are discussed in relation to findings for other penaeid species.

scholarly journals Biomechanics and Load Resistance of Short Dental Implants: A Review of the Literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Istabrak Hasan ◽  
Christoph Bourauel ◽  
Torsten Mundt ◽  
Friedhelm Heinemann
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Lower Survival Rate ◽  
Short Implants ◽  
Single Crown ◽  
Implant Therapy

This paper was aimed to review the studies published about short dental implants. In the focus were the works that investigated the effect of biting forces of the rate of marginal bone resorption around short implants and their survival rates. Bone deformation defined by strain was obviously higher around short implants than the conventional ones. The clinical outcomes of 6 mm short implants after 2 years showed a survival rate of 94% to 95% and lower survival rate (<80%) for 7 mm short implants after 3 to 6 years for single crown restorations. The short implants used for supporting fixed partial prostheses had a survival rate of 98.9%. Short implants can be considered as a good alternative implant therapy to support single crown or partial fixed restorations.

2421Immunosuppressive therapy and prognosis in biopsy-proven fulminant lymphocytic myocarditis requiring veno-arterial extracorporeal membranous oxygenation support

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Okumura ◽  
A Sawamura ◽  
T Kondo ◽  
M Ito ◽  
Y Ozaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Immunosuppressive Therapy ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Ecmo Support ◽  
Fulminant Myocarditis ◽  
Lower Survival Rate ◽  
Curative Therapy ◽  
Lymphocytic Myocarditis ◽  
Va Ecmo

Abstract Background Fulminant myocarditis is one of the fatal diseases for which effective management has not yet been established. Immunosuppressive therapy (IST) using corticosteroid has been actively applied to giant cell or eosinophilic myocarditis, there is no consensus on the efficacy of lymphocytic myocarditis, which is suspected of involving viral infection. Actually, IST for lymphocytic myocarditis is not recommended in the European Society of Cardiology guidelines, but in the Japanese Circulation Society guidelines, it is approved for use in refractory cases in the absence of curative therapy for myocarditis established. Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the potential efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy on acute phase in fulminant lymphocytic myocarditis (FLM) requiring veno-arterial extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (VA-ECMO) support. Method We conducted CHANGE-PUMP study that was retrospectively enrolled 99 patients with fulminant myocarditis required VA-ECMO support in the Tokai area (central part of Japan) for the past 20 years. Lymphocytic myocarditis was defined by pathological category. Patients were divided into two groups depending on whether IST using corticosteroid was performed in the clinical course. Results: Sixty-six patients were pathologically diagnosed as fulminant myocarditis by endomyocardial biopsy, of which only 49 patients were FLM. IST were indicated in 8 (16%) out of 49 patients of FLM (IST group; n=8, non-IST group; n=41). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a lower survival rate in the IST group than in the non-IST group (p=0.073). However, in all cases, based on our guidelines, IST was initiated after becoming refractory to MCS treatment. Immunosupressive therapy and prognosis Conclusion In the retrospective analysis, biopsy-proven FLM patients with IST required VA-ECMO support had low survival rates. However, the timing of IST introduction was late and concerned. In the present era when advanced mechanical support appears and the survival rate of fulminant myocarditis is expected to improve, a multicenter prospective study is needed to establish an indication of IST in the acute phase of fulminant myocarditis.

Gender differences in abdominal aortic aneurysm therapy – a systematic review

VASA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstanze Stoberock ◽  
Tilo Kölbel ◽  
Gülsen Atlihan ◽  
Eike Sebastian Debus ◽  
Nikolaos Tsilimparis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Endovascular Treatment ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Lower Survival Rate ◽  
Lower Survival ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Risk Of Rupture

Abstract. This article analyses if and to what extent gender differences exist in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) therapy. For this purpose Medline (PubMed) was searched from January 1999 to January 2018. Keywords were: “abdominal aortic aneurysm”, “gender”, “prevalence”, “EVAR”, and “open surgery of abdominal aortic aneurysm”. Regardless of open or endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms, women have a higher rate of complications and longer hospitalizations compared to men. The majority of studies showed that women have a lower survival rate for surgical and endovascular treatment of abdominal aneurysms after both elective and emergency interventions. Women receive less surgical/interventional and protective medical treatment. Women seem to have a higher risk of rupture, a lower survival rate in AAA, and a higher rate of complications, regardless of endovascular or open treatment. The gender differences may be due to a higher age of women at diagnosis and therapy associated with higher comorbidity, but also because of genetic, hormonal, anatomical, biological, and socio-cultural differences. Strategies for treatment in female patients must be further defined to optimize outcome.

THE PRINTING OF PACIOLI'S SUMMA IN 1494: HOW MANY COPIES WERE PRINTED?

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Sangster
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Printing Process

This paper considers the printing of Pacioli's Summa de Arithmetica, Geometria, Proportioni et Proportionalita (Summa) in 1494. In particular, it attempts to answer the question, how many copies of Summa were printed in 1494? It does so through consideration of the printing process, the printer of Summa, the size of the book, survival rates of other “serious” books of the period, and the dates it contains revealing when parts of it were completed. It finds that more copies were published than was previously suggested, and that the survival rate of copies has probably as much to do with the manner in which it was treated once acquired as in the number of copies printed.

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