scholarly journals Evidence for the Involvement of the Chemosensory Protein AgosCSP5 in Resistance to Insecticides in the Cotton Aphid, Aphis gossypii

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Fen Li ◽  
Herbert Venthur ◽  
Shang Wang ◽  
Rafael A. Homem ◽  
Jing-Jiang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Homology Modelling ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Gene Gain ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cotton Aphid ◽  
Chemosensory Protein ◽  
First Time

It has been speculated that insect chemosensory proteins (CSPs) may have additional roles beyond olfaction. In this study, the phylogenetic and genomic analyses of the CSPs of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, revealed the presence of gene gain-and-loss among different aphid field populations. Differential expressions of eight CSP genes were demonstrated after treatments with insecticides of different modes of action. The expression of AgosCSP5 was significantly upregulated by the insecticide treatments in a dose-dependent manner. The Drosophila flies overexpressing AgosCSP5 were significantly less susceptible to the insecticides, omethoate, imidacloprid and cypermethrin but not to deltamethrin and tau-fluvalinate, compared with control flies. The transgenic Drosophila flies exhibited an LC50 resistance ratio of 2.6 to omethoate, compared with control flies. Likewise, the mortality of the transgenic flies to imidacloprid and cypermethrin was significantly lower than that of the control flies (p < 0.01). Homology modelling, molecular docking and dynamic simulation supported the interactions and revealed a higher stability of AgosCSP5/insecticide complexes than AgosCSP5/semiochemical complexes. Our study demonstrates for first time the in vivo evidence for the involvement of CSP genes in insecticide resistance of crop insect pests and provides new insights of the newly discovered CSP-mediated insect resistance mechanism to insecticides.

scholarly journals Secreted KIAA1199 promotes the progression of rheumatoid arthritis by mediating hyaluronic acid degradation in an ANXA1-dependent manner

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Guoyu Yin ◽  
Heping Zhao ◽  
Hanzhi Ling ◽  
Zhen Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Collagen Induced Arthritis ◽  
Intracellular Degradation ◽  
Main Pathway ◽  
First Time

AbstractIn inflamed joints, enhanced hyaluronic acid (HA) degradation is closely related to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). KIAA1199 has been identified as a hyaladherin that mediates the intracellular degradation of HA, but its extracellular function remains unclear. In this study, we found that the serum and synovial levels of secreted KIAA1199 (sKIAA1199) and low-molecular-weight HA (LMW-HA, MW < 100 kDa) in RA patients were significantly increased, and the positive correlation between them was shown for the first time. Of note, treatment with anti-KIAA1199 mAb effectively alleviated the severity of arthritis and reduced serum LMW-HA levels and cytokine secretion in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. In vitro, sKIAA1199 was shown to mediate exogenous HA degradation by attaching to the cell membrane of RA fibroblast-like synoviosytes (RA FLS). Furthermore, the HA-degrading activity of sKIAA1199 depended largely on its adhesion to the membrane, which was achieved by its G8 domain binding to ANXA1. In vivo, kiaa1199-KO mice exhibited greater resistance to collagen-induced arthritis. Interestingly, this resistance could be partially reversed by intra-articular injection of vectors encoding full-length KIAA1199 instead of G8-deleted KIAA119 mutant, which further confirmed the indispensable role of G8 domain in KIAA1199 involvement in RA pathological processes. Mechanically, the activation of NF-κB by interleukin-6 (IL-6) through PI3K/Akt signaling is suggested to be the main pathway to induce KIAA1199 expression in RA FLS. In conclusion, our study supported the contribution of sKIAA1199 to RA pathogenesis, providing a new therapeutic target for RA by blocking sKIAA1199-mediated HA degradation.

scholarly journals INTEGRINS MEDIATE PLACENTAL EXTRACELLULAR VESICLE TRAFFICKING TO LUNG AND LIVER IN VIVO

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean L. Nguyen ◽  
Soo Hyun Ahn ◽  
Jacob W. Greenberg ◽  
Benjamin W. Collaer ◽  
Dalen W. Agnew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cellular Phenotype ◽  
Reporter Mouse ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTMembrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular communication in all organisms, and those produced by placental mammals have become increasingly recognized as significant mediators of fetal-maternal communication. Here, we aimed to identify maternal cells targeted by placental EVs and elucidate the mechanisms by which they traffic to these cells. Exogenously administered pregnancy-associated EVs traffic specifically to the lung; further, placental EVs associate with lung interstitial macrophages and liver Kupffer cells in an integrin-dependent manner. Localization of EV to maternal lungs was confirmed in unmanipulated pregnancy using a transgenic reporter mouse model, which also provided in situ and in vitro evidence that fetally-derived EVs, rarely, may cause genetic alteration of maternal cells. These results provide for the first time direct in vivo evidence for targeting of placental EVs to maternal immune cells, and further, evidence that EVs can alter cellular phenotype.

scholarly journals Inhibition of FGF2-Mediated Signaling in GIST—Promising Approach for Overcoming Resistance to Imatinib

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1674
Author(s):  
Sergei Boichuk ◽  
Aigul Galembikova ◽  
Ekaterina Mikheeva ◽  
Firuza Bikinieva ◽  
Aida Aukhadieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Response ◽  
Molecular Target ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
First Line ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
First Time ◽  
Malignant Behavior ◽  
First Line Treatment

Inhibition of KIT-signaling is a major molecular target for gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) therapy, and imatinib mesylate (IM) is known as the most effective first-line treatment option for patients with advanced, unresectable, and/or metastatic GISTs. We show here for the first time that the inhibition of KIT-signaling in GISTs induces profound changes in the cellular secretome, leading to the release of multiple chemokines, including FGF-2. IM increased migration, invasion, and colony formation of IM-resistant GISTs in an FGF2-dependent manner, whereas the use of blocking anti-FGF2 antibodies or BGJ398, a selective FGFR inhibitor, abolished these effects, thus suggesting that the activation of FGF2-mediated signaling could serve as a compensatory mechanism of KIT-signaling inhibited in GISTs. Conversely, FGF-2 rescued the growth of IM-naive GISTs treated by IM and protected them from IM-induced apoptosis, consistent with the possible involvement of FGF-2 in tumor response to IM-based therapy. Indeed, increased FGF-2 levels in serum and tumor specimens were found in IM-treated mice bearing IM-resistant GIST xenografts, whereas BGJ398 used in combination with IM effectively inhibited their growth. Similarly, increased FGF-2 expression in tumor specimens from IM-treated patients revealed the activation of FGF2-signaling in GISTs in vivo. Collectively, the continuation of IM-based therapy for IM-resistant GISTs might facilitate disease progression by promoting the malignant behavior of tumors in an FGF2-dependent manner. This provides a rationale to evaluate the effectiveness of the inhibitors of FGF-signaling for IM-resistant GISTs.

A phase I clinical study of safingol followed by cisplatin: promising activity in refractory adrenocortical cancer with novel pharmacology

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 13044-13044 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Carvajal ◽  
A. H. Merrill ◽  
H. Dials ◽  
A. Barbi ◽  
G. K. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Sphingosine Kinase ◽  
Competitive Inhibitor ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Adrenocortical Cancer ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Human Blood Cells ◽  
First Time

13044 Background: Safingol (L-threo-dihydrosphingosine), originally identified as a competitive inhibitor of protein kinase C, has been re-identified as an inhibitor of sphingosine kinase (SK). Inhibition of SK induces apotosis and autophagy by increasing intracellular conversion of sphingosine to ceramide. In vivo, safingol enhances the antitumor activity of cisplatin in a sequence dependent manner (safingol→cisplatin). Methods: We designed a phase I trial of escalating doses of safingol (60→120→240→ 360→480→600 mg/m2) followed 1 hr later by fixed-dose cisplatin 75 mg/m2 given q21 days in pts with advanced solid tumors. Standard phase I eligibility critieria apply. Prior cisplatin is allowed. Results: 13 evaluable pts have been enrolled: 5 male/8 female, median age 54 (range 36–68), median KPS 90% (range 80–100%), mean number of priors 2.8 (range 1–6). 2 dose limiting toxicities (DLT) were observed with escalation of safingol to 240 mg/m2 (gr 3 fatigue, gr 3 hyponatremia), both felt to be due primarily to cisplatin. The protocol was amended to reduce cisplatin to 60 mg/m2, given with 240 mg/m2 of safingol. We observed 1 DLT (persistent gr 3 thrombocytopenia) at this dose level. Pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis by mass spectroscopy shows nearly complete clearance of safingol from circulation within 24 hours of treatment with a 10-fold greater amount of safingol in whole blood than in plasma. An increase in sphingosine and dihydroceramide levels were observed with therapy, and N-acyl- and N-methyl- metabolites of safingol were detected. We observed 1 PR (4+ months) in a pt with cisplatin-refractory adrenocortical cancer metastatic to the liver and lung after only 1 cycle of therapy. 1 additional pt with adrenocortical cancer has SD (2+ months) on therapy. Conclusions: Escalating doses of safingol can be safely administered with a fixed dose of cisplatin. PK data reveal acyl- and methyl-safingol for the first time in human plasma, with a significant fraction of safingol bound to human blood cells. We observed unusual activity in pts with adrenocortical cancer. Further dose escalation of safingol with cisplatin 60 mg/m2 is ongoing, and additional PK data and complete sphingolipid profiles will be presented. (Supported by NCI R21-CA112910). No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Hydroxyl radical induced structural changes of collagen

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helan Xiao ◽  
Guoping Cai ◽  
Mingyao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Hydroxyl Radicals ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Type I ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
First Time

Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in cell differentiation, growth, migration and apoptosis. Collagen is the most abundant protein familyin vivo, but its function has still not been clearly defined yet. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have a central role in oxidative cell stress. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy indicates that type I collagen could uniquely scavenge hydroxyl radicals in dose- and time-dependent manner; whereas BSA and gelatin (a denatured collagen) have no such an effect. However, the mechanism by which type I collagen scavenges hydroxyl radicals is different from that of GSH, a well-known free radical scavenger. Using a new method, two-dimensional FTIR correlation analysis, for the first time, we show that the order of functional group changes of type I collagen in this process is amide I earlier than amide II than amide III than –CH– thanν(C=O). The results indicates that the structure of the main chain of collagen changed first, followed by more residue groupν(C=O) exposed to hydroxyl radicals. The reaction with the carbonyl group in collagen causes the hydroxyl free radicals to be scavenged. Therefore, ECM can effectively scavenge ROS under normal physiological conditions. When the proteins of ECM were denatured in the same way as gelatin, they lost their function as a free radical scavenger. All of these results provide new insight into therapy or prevention of oxidative stress, apoptosis and ageing.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Profiling of Cotton Leaves in Response to Cotton Aphid Attack

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianmin Zhang ◽  
Xiao Zhong ◽  
Pei Feng ◽  
Qiqi Ma ◽  
Qi Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Functional Annotation ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Cotton Aphid ◽  
Time Points ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Comparison Results

Abstract Main conclusion The molecular mechanism of the interaction between cotton and cotton aphids remains unclear currently. The RNA-Seq study of cotton leaves was performed in response to cotton aphid damage at different time points. The transcriptome analysis revealed that a lot of cotton gene transcripts were regulated by cotton aphid damage. Cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover) are regarded as one of the most harmful insect pests for cotton production. They are usually capable of causing severe yield loss through sucking cotton liquids, secreting honeydews and transmitting plant viral diseases. However, the molecular mechanism of the interaction between cotton and cotton aphids remains unclear currently. Therefore, the RNA-Seq study of cotton leaves was performed in response to cotton aphid damage at different time points (0 h,6 h,12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h). A total of 9, 103 new genes were identified, and 7, 510 of them were annotated functionally. Based on the comparison results, the gene expression was analyzed according to the expression amount of genes in different samples. 24,793 differentially expressed genes were authenticate in all and their functional annotation and enrichment analysis were conducted. Compared with 0 h (without aphid damage, CK), the amount of down-regulated DEGs was largely more than that of the up-regulated genes at different time points under cotton aphid attack except for 48h. As revealed by the functional annotation of DEGs, these genes were involved in all kinds of plant biological process, including various resistance to abiotic and biotic stress, hormone metabolism, signaling transduction and transcriptional regulation. These results established a firm foundation for the study of the molecular mechanism of the interaction between cotton and cotton aphids and would facilitate the development of plant aphid resistant cultivars.

scholarly journals Effect of NaHS on carbonic anhydrase activity of human erythrocyte

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijit Bhakta ◽  
Maitreyi Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Sayantan Dasgupta ◽  
Santanu Sen ◽  
Arun Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Activity ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrases ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
First Time

Background: In contrast to its role as poison, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is recently considered as a gaso-transmitter which mediates important physiologic functions in humans. Evidence is accumulating to demonstrate that inhibitors of H2S production or therapeutic H2S donor compounds exert significant effects in various experimental models. Carbonic anhydrases (CA) are a group of zinc-containing metalloenzymes that catalyse the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. CAs activity in erythrocytes (CAI and CAII) has recently been observed to be associated with various pathological conditions especially in diabetes mellitus, hypertension and lipid disorders. Alteration of this enzyme activity has been reported by the effect of advanced glycation end products methylglyoxal and reduced glutathione.   Aims and Objectives: As H2S, being a mediator of many physiological functions and synthesized in vivo, may affect functions of many intracellular proteins like carbonic anhydrase, the objective of this study is to find out if there is any change in the carbonic anhydrase activity under the effect of H2S- donor NaHS in dose dependant manner using RBC model in vitro.Materials and Methods: Blood sample was collected from forty (40) numbers of healthy volunteers of 18-40 years of in heparin containing vials and packed cells were prepared immediately by centrifugation  The packed erythrocytes were washed three times with normal saline and  diluted (1:10) with the normal saline. One ml each of diluted packed cells was taken in eight test tubes. Serial dilutions of NaHS (1to 250 µMol/L) was added to all the test tubes except for the first test tube where only normal saline was added and   incubated at room temperature for one hour. Haemolysates was prepared from the erythrocytes with equal volume of distilled water in each tube and the CA activity was determined in the haemolysates using standardized method.Results: There is significant increase of CA activity in dose dependent manner under the effect of NaHS and also compared to the activity of hemolysate prepared without NaHS.  Conclusions:Our study for the first time demonstrated that the Carbonic Anhydrase activity of erythrocytes is significantly increases by the effect of NaHS and this study reveals some important biological role of H2S and carbonic anhydrase.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 7(3) 2016 23-27

scholarly journals Incidence of Insect Pests on Chayote, Sechium edule (Swartz.) in Nepal

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 161-164
Author(s):  
FP Neupane ◽  
MD Sharma ◽  
KR Neupane
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Cotton Aphid ◽  
White Grubs ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Tobacco Caterpillar

The insect pests recorded during 1993-96 on chayote in Chitwan, Lalitpur and Parbat districts were as follows: white grubs (Phyllophaga spp.), mole cricket (Gryllotalpa fussor Fab.), field cricket (Brachytrypes portentosus Licht.), red pumpkin beetle (Aulacophora foveicollis Lucas), blue pumpkin beetle (Aulacophora lewisii Baly), flea beetle (Monolepta signata Oliv.), tobacco caterpillar (Spodoptera litura Fab.), stink bug (Coridius janus Fab.), spotted beetle (Epilachna pusilanima Mulsant), banded blister beetle (Mylabris phalerata Pallas), brown bug (Agonoscelis nubila Fab.), cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glov.), pumpkin fruit fly (Bacterocera cucurbitae Coq.), and three unidentified insect pests- brown weevil, hairy caterpillars and stem boring beetle. Of them, the fruit fly and cotton aphid were the serious ones. Nepalese and Mexican accessions of chayotes varied for their susceptibility to both the above insects. The chayote fruits with tough fruit skin and dense and long spines were less susceptible to fruit fly, while the spineless and smooth fruits were the most susceptible. Key words: Chayote germplasm, insect pests, aphid and fruit fly J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 27:161-164 (2006)

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Profiling of Cotton Leaves in Response to Cotton Aphid Attack

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianmin Zhang ◽  
Xiao Zhong ◽  
Pei Feng ◽  
Qiqi Ma ◽  
Qi Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Functional Annotation ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Cotton Aphid ◽  
Time Points ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Comparison Results

Abstract Main conclusion The molecular mechanism of the interaction between cotton and cotton aphids remains unclear currently. The RNA-Seq study of cotton leaves was performed in response to cotton aphid damage at different time points. The transcriptome analysis revealed that a lot of cotton gene transcripts were regulated by cotton aphid damage. Cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover) are regarded as one of the most harmful insect pests for cotton production. They are usually capable of causing severe yield loss through sucking cotton liquids, secreting honeydews and transmitting plant viral diseases. However, the molecular mechanism of the interaction between cotton and cotton aphids remains unclear currently. Therefore, the RNA-Seq study of cotton leaves was performed in response to cotton aphid damage at different time points (0 h,6 h,12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h). A total of 9, 103 new genes were identified, and 7, 510 of them were annotated functionally. Based on the comparison results, the gene expression was analyzed according to the expression amount of genes in different samples. 24,793 differentially expressed genes were authenticate in all and their functional annotation and enrichment analysis were conducted. Compared with 0 h (without aphid damage, CK), the amount of down-regulated DEGs was largely more than that of the up-regulated genes at different time points under cotton aphid attack except for 48h. As revealed by the functional annotation of DEGs, these genes were involved in all kinds of plant biological process, including various resistance to abiotic and biotic stress, hormone metabolism, signaling transduction and transcriptional regulation. These results established a firm foundation for the study of the molecular mechanism of the interaction between cotton and cotton aphids and would facilitate the development of plant aphid resistant cultivars.

scholarly journals Partial Leaf Chemical Profiles of a Desert Watermelon Species (Citrullus colocynthis) and Heirloom Watermelon Cultivars (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus)

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelechi Ogbuji ◽  
Gloria S. McCutcheon ◽  
Alvin M. Simmons ◽  
Maurice E. Snook ◽  
Howard F. Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Citrullus Colocynthis ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
First Time ◽  
Derivatives Of

Whiteflies [Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)] and aphids [Aphis gossypii Glover and Myzus persicae (Sulzer)] are serious threats to watermelon by direct feeding and by transmitting viruses of important virus diseases. The desert watermelon Citrullus colocynthis (L.) has been shown to exhibit resistance to these insect pests and could be a useful source for breeding resistance into watermelon [Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus (Thunbs) Matsum & Nakai]. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we found differences among the chemical profiles of two U.S. PIs of C. colocynthis, one PI of C. lanatus var. citroides, and two heirloom watermelon (C. lanatus var. lanatus) cultivars (‘Charleston Gray’ and ‘Mickey Lee’). Flavonoid and caffeic acid derivatives were identified in the leaf extracts by a combination of ultraviolet (UV) and mass spectrometry (MS) spectral analyses. Four phenolic derivatives of caffeic and/or ferulic acid were found to be essentially unique to C. colocynthis. Total flavonoid content was found to be approximately four to 18 times higher in C. colocynthis accessions and seven to nine times higher in C. lanatus var. citroides as compared with watermelon cultivars. Caffeoyl-glucose was also identified in the leaves of watermelon cultivars for the first time. Leaf sugar concentrations (198 to 211 mg·dL−1), read from a glucometer, were statistically the same among the various germplasm entries. These results will help in the development of pest-resistant watermelon.

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