scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Aedes aegypti Oviposition Temporal Patterns and Their Relationship with Environment and Dengue Incidence

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 919
Author(s):  
Verónica Andreo ◽  
Ximena Porcasi ◽  
Claudio Guzman ◽  
Laura Lopez ◽  
Carlos M. Scavuzzo
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Machine Learning Classification

Aedes aegypti, the mosquito species transmitting dengue, zika, chikungunya and yellow fever viruses, is fully adapted to thrive in urban areas. The temporal activity of this mosquito, however, varies within urban areas which might imply different transmission risk. In this work, we hypothesize that temporal differences in mosquito activity patterns are determined by local environmental conditions. Hence, we explore the existence of groups of temporal patterns in weekly time series of Ae. aegypti ovitraps records (2017–2019) by means of time series clustering. Next, with the aim of predicting risk in places with no mosquito field data, we use machine learning classification tools to assess the association of temporal patterns with environmental variables derived from satellite imagery and predict temporal patterns over the city area to finally test the relationship with dengue incidence. We found three groups of temporal patterns that showed association with land cover diversity, variability in vegetation and humidity and, heterogeneity measured by texture indices estimated over buffer areas surrounding ovitraps. Dengue incidence on a neighborhood basis showed a weak but positive association with the percentage of pixels belonging to only one of the temporal patterns detected. The understanding of the spatial distribution of temporal patterns and their environmental determinants might then become highly relevant to guide the allocation of prevention and potential interventions. Further investigation is still needed though to incorporate other determinants not considered here.

Spatial distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in relation to geo-ecological features in South Andaman, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Shriram ◽  
A. Sivan ◽  
A.P. Sugunan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
South Andaman ◽  
Coconut Shells

AbstractThe study was undertaken in South Andaman district, comprising three tehsils, viz. Port Blair, Ferrargunj and Little Andaman Tehsils, respectively. Intensive pupal infestation surveys were carried out along the National Highway (NH 223), the main passenger and trade route, referred to as Great Andaman Trunk Road. Sampling locations at every 3 km were geo-referenced with global positioning system unit. A total of 17314 water collections were examined from 29 locations across the South Andaman district, among which 1021 (5.9%) were colonized by immature stages of Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti and other mosquito species. Ae. aegypti were found in 12 locations, showing higher infestation in the densely built Aberdeen Bazaar. Breeding populations of Ae. albopictus were observed in 27 sampling locations. Both the species were not recorded in two Northern localities. In the areas where both the species are present, they were often found in the same developmental sites, suggesting convergent habitat selection. The most frequently encountered man-made, artificial and natural developmental sites were fixed cement tanks, plastic drums, plastic cans, metal drums, metal pots, discarded tires, coconut shells, leaf axils and tree holes. Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were observed in varying proportions in Port Blair and Ferrargunj Tehsils, while the former species appeared to be absent in Little Andaman. This study elucidates the spatial distribution of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus with preponderance of the latter species, pointing towards arboviral transmission and assumes public health importance in South Andaman district, endemic for dengue.

scholarly journals Assessing the re-introduction of Aedes aegypti in Europe. Will the Yellow Fever Mosquito colonize the Old World?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Da Re ◽  
Diego Montecino-Latorre ◽  
Sophie O. Vanwambeke ◽  
Matteo Marcantonio
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
List Type ◽  
Species Introduction ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Ship Traffic ◽  
Species Establishment

AbstractAedes aegypti are feared invasive mosquitoes as they transmit pathogens which cause debilitating diseases in humans. Although mainland Europe has not yet witnessed re-establishment and diffusion of Ae. aegypti populations, several urban areas along coastlines represent suitable habitats for the species. In addition, European coastal areas are characterized by a high exotic species propagule pressure, due to the dense international ship traffic.Here, we applied a process-based population dynamical model to simulate both the life cycle and dispersal of Ae. aegypti at the local scale after its introduction through ship traffic. We selected five European ports along a gradient of latitude by considering both environmental conditions and the economical importance of ports: Algeciras and Barcelona in Spain; Venice and Genoa in Italy and Rotterdam in the Netherlands. The model was informed using parameters relevant for Ae. aegypti biology, fine-scale temperature time-series, urban structures and road networks.According to model results, the introduction of small quantities of Ae. aegypti eggs, from 10 to 1000, has the potential to cause species establishment, high local densities and slow initial dispersal in the two southernmost study areas, Algeciras and Barcelona, whereas Genoa may be considered only close to suitability. Barcelona had the highest simulated mosquito densities (584 females/ha), whereas Algeciras densities were never more than 32 females/ha, but remained higher during winter. The spatial spread of the species varied between a few hundred meters to 2 km/year and was affected by the structure of the road network, topography and urban sprawl along the coast in the surrounding of the port of introduction. The study areas of Genoa, Venice and Rotterdam were found not suitable for establishment of this mosquito species, however climate change could create conditions for Ae. aegypti invasion in these regions in the next decades.It is commonly accepted that targeted monitoring and early control actions are the most effective methods to hinder the establishment of invasive species in new areas. Our findings and model framework may support surveillance initiatives for those European coastal urban areas which have a known high propagule pressure and a high modelled probability of Ae. aegypti establishment.HighlightsEuropean coasts present favourable conditions for Aedes aegypti establishmentWe assess the species introduction and establishment using a process-based modelWe selected five ports: Algeciras, Barcelona, Venice, Genoa and RotterdamAlgeciras and Barcelona were the most suitable areas for the species establishmentClimate change could make more suitable the northernmost study areas

scholarly journals Video Recording Can Conveniently Assay Mosquito Locomotor Activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maisa da Silva Araujo ◽  
Fang Guo ◽  
Michael Rosbash
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Daily Rhythms ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractAnopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti are perhaps the best studied mosquito species and important carriers of human malaria and arbovirus, respectively. Mosquitoes have daily rhythms in behaviors and show a wide range of activity patterns. Although Anopheles is known to be principally nocturnal and Aedes principally diurnal, details of mosquito activity are not easily assayed in the laboratory. We recently described FlyBox, a simple tracking system for assaying Drosophila locomotor activity rhythms and thought that it might also be applicable to monitoring mosquito activity. Indeed, we show here that FlyBox can easily, conveniently, affordably and accurately measure the activity of Anopheles as well as Aedes over several days. The resulting profiles under light-dark as well as constant darkness conditions are compatible with results in the literature, indicating that this or similar systems will be useful in the future for more detailed studies on a range of insect species and under more diverse laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals Urbanization creates diverse aquatic habitats for immature mosquitoes in urban areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
André B. B. Wilke ◽  
Catherine Chase ◽  
Chalmers Vasquez ◽  
Augusto Carvajal ◽  
Johana Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Dade County ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Environmental Resources ◽  
Aquatic Habitats ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Different Types

Abstract Global increases in temperatures and urbanization are impacting the epidemiology of mosquito-borne diseases. Urbanization processes create suitable habitats for vector mosquitoes in which there are a reduced number of predators, and human hosts are widely available. We hypothesize that mosquito vector species, especially Aedes aegypti, are locally concentrated primarily in those specific habitats at the neighborhood levels that provide suitable conditions and environmental resources needed for mosquito survival. Determining how mosquito vector species composition and abundance depend on environmental resources across habitats addresses where different types of vector control need to be applied. Therefore, our goal was to analyze and identify the most productive aquatic habitats for mosquitoes in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Immature mosquito surveys were conducted throughout Miami-Dade County from April 2018 to June 2019, totaling 2,488 inspections. Mosquitoes were collected in 76 different types of aquatic habitats scattered throughout 141 neighborhoods located in the urbanized areas of Miami-Dade County. A total of 44,599 immature mosquitoes were collected and Ae. aegypti was the most common and abundant species, comprising 43% of all specimens collected. Aedes aegypti was primarily found in buckets, bromeliads, and flower pots, concentrated in specific neighborhoods. Our results showed that aquatic habitats created by anthropogenic land-use modifications (e.g., ornamental bromeliads, buckets, etc.) were positively correlated with the abundance of Ae. aegypti. This study serves to identify how vector mosquitoes utilize the resources available in urban environments and to determine the exact role of these specific urban features in supporting populations of vector mosquito species. Ultimately, the identification of modifiable urban features will allow the development of targeted mosquito control strategies optimized to preventatively control vector mosquitoes in urban areas.

scholarly journals Larval habitat diversity and mosquito species distribution along the coast of Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Karuitha ◽  
Joel Bargul ◽  
Joel Lutomiah ◽  
Simon Muriu ◽  
Joseph Nzovu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Larval Habitat ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Aquatic Habitats ◽  
Forested Areas

Background: Management of arboviruses relies heavily on vector control. Implementation and sustenance of effective control measures requires regular surveillance of mosquito occurrences, species abundance and distribution. The current study evaluated larval habitat diversity and productivity, mosquito species diversity and distribution in selected sites along the coast of Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of mosquito breeding habitats, species diversity and distribution was conducted in urban, peri-urban and forested ecological zones in Mombasa and Kilifi counties. Results: A total of 13,009 immature mosquitoes were collected from 17 diverse aquatic habitats along the coast of Kenya. Larval productivity differed significantly (F (16, 243) = 3.21, P < 0.0001) among the aquatic habitats, with tyre habitats recording the highest larval population. Culex pipiens (50.17%) and Aedes aegypti (38.73%) were the dominant mosquito species in urban areas, while Ae. vittatus (89%) was the dominant species in forested areas.  In total, 4,735 adult mosquitoes belonging to 19 species were collected in Haller Park, Bamburi, Gede and Arabuko Sokoke forest. Urban areas supported higher densities of Ae. aegypti compared to peri-urban and forest areas, which, on the other hand, supported greater mosquito species diversity. Conclusions: High Ae. aegypti production in urban and peri-urban areas present a greater risk of arbovirus outbreaks. Targeting productive habitats of Aedes aegypti, such as discarded tyres, containers and poorly maintained drainage systems in urban areas and preventing human-vector contact in peri-urban and forested areas could have a significant impact on the prevalence of arboviruses along the coast of Kenya, forestalling the periodic outbreaks experienced in the region.

scholarly journals Zika virus replication in the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. D. Guedes ◽  
M. H. S. Paiva ◽  
M. M. A. Donato ◽  
P. P. Barbosa ◽  
L. Krokovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Mosquito Bite ◽  
Vectorial Competence

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus that has recently been associated with increased incidence of neonatal microcephaly and other neurological disorders. The virus is primarily transmitted by mosquito bite, although other routes of infection have been implicated in some cases. The Aedes aegypti mosquito is considered to be the main vector to humans worldwide, but there is evidence of other mosquito species, including Culex quinquefasciatus, playing a role in the Brazilian outbreak. To test this hypothesis, we experimentally compared the vectorial competence of laboratory-reared A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus. We found ZIKV in the midgut, salivary glands, and saliva of artificially fed C. quinquefasciatus. Additionally, we collected ZIKV-infected C. quinquefasciatus from urban areas of high microcephaly incidence in Recife, Brazil. Take into account; these findings indicate that there may be a wider range of vectors for ZIKV than anticipated.

scholarly journals Aedes Mosquito Distribution along a Transect from Rural to Urban Settings in Yaoundé, Cameroon

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 819
Author(s):  
Borel Djiappi-Tchamen ◽  
Mariette Stella Nana-Ndjangwo ◽  
Timoléon Tchuinkam ◽  
Idene Makoudjou ◽  
Elysée Nchoutpouen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Aedes Mosquito ◽  
Mosquito Abundance ◽  
Rural Sites

Introduction: The surveillance of mosquito vectors is important for the control of arboviruses diseases worldwide. Detailed information on the bionomics and distribution of their main vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, is essential for assessing disease transmission risk and for better planning of control interventions. Methods: Entomological surveys were carried out from November 2019 to November 2020 in six localities of Yaoundé city following a transect from urban to rural settings: two urban (Obili, Mvan), two peri-urban (Simbock, Ahala) and two rural areas (Lendom, Elig-essomballa)—during rainy and dry seasons. All water containers were inspected. Aedes mosquito abundance, species distribution and seasonal distribution patterns were compared using generalized linear models. Stegomyia indexes were estimated to determine the risk of arbovirus transmission. Results: A total of 6332 mosquitoes larvae were collected (2342 in urban areas, 1694 in peri-urban areas and 2296 in rural sites). Aedes species recorded included Ae. albopictus, Ae. aegytpi, Ae. simpsoni and Aedes spp. High mosquito abundance was registered in the rainy season (4706) compared to the dry season (1626) (p < 0.0001). Ae. albopictus was the most abundant Aedes species in urban (96.89%) and peri-urban (95.09%) sites whereas Ae. aegypti was more prevalent in rural sites (68.56%) (p < 0.0001). Both species were found together in 71 larval habitats. Ae. albopictus was mostly found in discarded tires (42.51%), whereas Ae. aegypti was more prevalent in plastic containers used for storing water (65.87%). The majority of Aedes mosquitoes’ breeding places were situated close to human dwellings (0–10 m). Conclusion: Uncontrolled urbanization seems to greatly favour the presence of Aedes mosquito species around human dwellings in Yaoundé. Controlling Aedes mosquito distribution is becoming urgent to reduce the risk of arbovirus outbreaks in the city of Yaoundé.

scholarly journals Mosquito species occurrence in association with landscape composition in green urban areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. G. Montagner ◽  
O. S. Silva ◽  
S. M. Jahnke
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Species Response

Abstract Aedes aegypti prefers densely populated habitats, but has been shown to explore less anthropogenic environments. We investigated composition of the abundance of mosquitoes in forested areas and assessed relationships between species occurrences and different types of land use and land cover at three spatial scales (100m, 500m and 1000m). Mosquitoes were collected from October 2012 to March 2013 using oviposition traps. We collected 4,179 mosquitoes in total including at least 10 species. Aedes albopictus and Limatus durhami were eudominant species, representing 90% of all collected individuals. We found intraspecific differences in response to land use and land cover, and species response patterns were similar at all spatial scales. Ae. albopictus relative abundance was associated with urbanized areas, while Li. durhami, Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Toxorhynchites sp., abundances were associated with native forest. Aedes aegypti were found in five of the eight areas studied, including in an Atlantic forest fragment at a considerable distance from the forest edge (370 m). Aedes aegypti occurrence was not influenced by type of land use or land cover.

First Record of Aedes aegypti (L.) Vector of Dengue Virus from Kathmandu, Nepal

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishan Gautam ◽  
Megh Nath Dhimal ◽  
Shambhu Raj Shrestha ◽  
Anand Shova Tamrakar
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
First Record ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
Larval Survey ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Primary Vector

Aedes aegypti is the primary vector for the transmission of Dengue Fever (DF)/Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF). Entomological investigations on breeding habitats and larval prevalence of mosquitoes Aedes aegypti (L.) and Ae. albopictus (Skuse) were conducted from April to June 2009 in Kathmandu district, Nepal. Different water-filled containers were examined for the presence or absence of Aedes larvae. Larval survey techniques were used to obtain the House Index (HI), Container Index (CI) and Breteau Index (BI). The over all HI, CI and BI for Aedes aegypti were 6.25, 4.83, 9.37 and for Aedes albopictus were 6.25, 3.22 and 6.25 respectively. It was also observed that discarded tires lying outdoors were the preferred breeding habitats. No breeding was observed in other containers in April and May during this three months survey. Herewith, we report the first collection and identification of Aedes aegypti in Kathmandu during June, 2009. Indeed, this finding constitutes the first record from the capital of Nepal within the urban agglomeration of Basundhara and Gongabu-Balaju area.Therefore, DF/DHF transmission risk may occur locally if imported cases are introduced.  Key Words: Aedes aegypti; Ae. albopictus;  Kathmandu; First record; Dengue Fever.Journal of Natural History MuseumVol 24, 2009.Page:

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