scholarly journals A Novel Reference for Bt-Resistance Mechanism in Plutella xylostella Based on Analysis of the Midgut Transcriptomes

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1091
Author(s):  
Lei Xiong ◽  
Zhaoxia Liu ◽  
Lingling Shen ◽  
Chao Xie ◽  
Min Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Anatomical Entity ◽  
Bt Toxin ◽  
Lepidopteran Insect ◽  
Bt Resistance ◽  
Bt Toxins ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Shock Proteins

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is a lepidopteran insect that mainly harms cruciferous vegetables, with strong resistance to a variety of agrochemicals, including Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins. This study intended to screen genes associated with Bt resistance in P. xylostella by comparing the midgut transcriptome of Cry1Ac-susceptible and -resistant strains together with two toxin-treated strains 24 h before sampling. A total of 12 samples were analyzed by BGISEQ-500, and each sample obtained an average of 6.35 Gb data. Additionally, 3284 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in susceptible and resistant strains. Among them, five DEGs for cadherin, 14 for aminopeptidase, zero for alkaline phosphatase, 14 for ATP binding cassette transport, and five heat shock proteins were potentially involved in resistance to Cry1Ac in P. xylostella. Furthermore, DEGs associated with “binding”, “catalytic activity”, “cellular process”, “metabolic process”, and “cellular anatomical entity” were more likely to be responsible for resistance to Bt toxin. Thus, together with other omics data, our results will offer prospective genes for the development of Bt resistance, thereby providing a brand new reference for revealing the resistance mechanism to Bt of P. xylostella.

scholarly journals Thermotolerance, oxidative stress, apoptosis, heat-shock proteins and damages to reproductive cells of insecticide-susceptible and -resistant strains of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Zhang ◽  
J.L. Chen ◽  
B.L. Yang ◽  
X.G. Kong ◽  
D. Bourguet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Ovary Cells ◽  
Caspase 7 ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Shock Proteins

AbstractIn this study, we investigated thermotolerance, several physiological responses and damage to reproductive cells in chlorpyrifos-resistant (Rc) and -susceptible (Sm) strains of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella subjected to heat stress. The chlorpyrifos resistance of these strains was mediated by a modified acetylcholinesterase encoded by an allele, ace1R, of the ace1 gene. Adults of the Rc strain were less heat resistant than those of the Sm strain; they also had lower levels of enzymatic activity against oxidative damage, higher reactive oxygen species contents, weaker upregulation of two heat shock protein (hsp) genes (hsp69s and hsp20), and stronger upregulation of two apoptotic genes (caspase-7 and -9). The damage to sperm and ovary cells was greater in Rc adults than in Sm adults and was temperature sensitive. The lower fitness of the resistant strain, compared with the susceptible strain, is probably due to higher levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis, which also have deleterious effects on several life history traits. The greater injury observed in conditions of heat stress may be due to both the stronger upregulation of caspase genes and weaker upregulation of hsp genes in resistant than in susceptible individuals.

scholarly journals Increased Responses of Phenoloxidase in Chlorantraniliprole Resistance of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nian-Meng Wang ◽  
Jing-Jing Li ◽  
Ze-Yu Shang ◽  
Qi-Tong Yu ◽  
Chao-Bin Xue
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Cruciferous Vegetables ◽  
Transcriptional Expression ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Resistant Strains

Abstract The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella, DBM) is an important pest of cruciferous vegetables. The use of chlorantraniliprole has been essential in the management of the DBM. However, in many countries and areas, DBM has become highly resistant to chlorantraniliprole. Three different DBM strains, susceptible (S), chlorantraniliprole-selected (Rc), and field-collected (Rb) resistant strains/populations were studied for the role of phenoloxidase in resistance development to the insecticide. By assaying the activity of phenoloxidase (PO) in the three different DBM strains, the results showed that the PO activity in the Rc strain was increased significantly compared with the S strain. The synergistic effects of quercetin showed that the resistant ratio (RR) of the QRc larvae to chlorantraniliprole was decreased from 423.95 to 316.42-fold compared with the Rc larvae. Further studies demonstrated that the transcriptional and translational expression levels of PxPPO1 (P. xylostella prophenoloxidase-1 gene) and PxPPO2 (P. xylostella prophenoloxidase-2 gene) were increased to varying degrees compared with the S strain, such as the transcriptional expression levels of PxPPO2 were 24.02-fold that of the S strain. The responses of phenoloxidase were significantly different in chlorantraniliprole-resistant DBM.

Integrative Model for Binding of Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins in Susceptible and Resistant Larvae of the Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella)

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1413-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Ballester ◽  
Francisco Granero ◽  
Bruce E. Tabashnik ◽  
Thomas Malvar ◽  
Juan Ferré
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Competitive Binding ◽  
Single Mutation ◽  
Crystal Proteins ◽  
Mechanism Of Resistance ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT Insecticidal crystal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis in sprays and transgenic crops are extremely useful for environmentally sound pest management, but their long-term efficacy is threatened by evolution of resistance by target pests. The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) is the first insect to evolve resistance to B. thuringiensis in open-field populations. The only known mechanism of resistance to B. thuringiensis in the diamondback moth is reduced binding of toxin to midgut binding sites. In the present work we analyzed competitive binding of B. thuringiensis toxins Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, and Cry1F to brush border membrane vesicles from larval midguts in a susceptible strain and in resistant strains from the Philippines, Hawaii, and Pennsylvania. Based on the results, we propose a model for binding of B. thuringiensis crystal proteins in susceptible larvae with two binding sites for Cry1Aa, one of which is shared with Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, and Cry1F. Our results show that the common binding site is altered in each of the three resistant strains. In the strain from the Philippines, the alteration reduced binding of Cry1Ab but did not affect binding of the other crystal proteins. In the resistant strains from Hawaii and Pennsylvania, the alteration affected binding of Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, and Cry1F. Previously reported evidence that a single mutation can confer resistance to Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, and Cry1F corresponds to expectations based on the binding model. However, the following two other observations do not: the mutation in the Philippines strain affected binding of only Cry1Ab, and one mutation was sufficient for resistance to Cry1Aa. The imperfect correspondence between the model and observations suggests that reduced binding is not the only mechanism of resistance in the diamondback moth and that some, but not all, patterns of resistance and cross-resistance can be predicted correctly from the results of competitive binding analyses of susceptible strains.

Behavioral response and adaptive cost in resistant and susceptiblePlutella xylostellato Chlorantraniliprole

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Passos ◽  
C.S.A. Silva-Torres ◽  
H.A.A. Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Male Attraction ◽  
Male Response ◽  
Resistant Strains

AbstractDiamides have been used worldwide to manage the diamondback moth (DBM),Plutella xylostellaL. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), however some strains showed resistance to these molecules. Also, pheromone traps could be used to manage this pest, hence reducing the use of insecticides in the field. Resistant DBM strains may have biological disadvantages in comparison to susceptible strains in areas without sprays, including reduction in fitness or behavioral changes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether DBM strains resistant to chlorantraniliprole showed adaptive costs that could alter male attraction to the sex pheromone, in comparison to susceptible strains in the laboratory and semi-field conditions. First, the LC1, LC10, LC25, and LC50of DBM to chlorantraniliprole were established, which were 0.003, 0.005, 0.007, and 0.011 mg a.i. liter−1, and 5.88, 24.80, 57.22, and 144.87 mg a.i. liter−1for the susceptible and resistant strains, respectively. Development and reproduction of DBM strains subjected to those concentrations were compared. Later, male response to the sex pheromone was investigated in a Y-tube in the laboratory and in a greenhouse to pheromone traps. Resistant DBM strain showed an adaptive cost in comparison to the susceptible strain that can result in a delay in population growth in the field when selection pressure is absent. Conversely, resistant males have no olfactory response alteration in comparison to susceptible males, consistently at 3 (P= 0.6848) and 7 days (P= 0.9140) after release, suggesting that pheromone traps continue to be a viable alternative to manage DBM in an IPM system.

scholarly journals The glutathione S-transferase (PxGST2L) may contribute to the detoxification metabolism of chlorantraniliprole in Plutella xylostella(L.)

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Yin ◽  
Qingsheng Lin ◽  
Xiaoxiang Wang ◽  
Zhenyu Li ◽  
Xia Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Proteomics Approach ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Cruciferous Plants ◽  
Economic Pest

AbstractThe diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.), is an economic pest of cruciferous plants worldwide, which causes great economic loss to cruciferous plants production. However, the pest has developed resistance to insecticides. One of such insecticides is chlorantraniliprole. The study of the mechanisms underlying resistance is key for the effective management of resistance. In this study, a comparative proteomics approach was used to isolate and identify various proteins that differed between chlorantraniliprole-susceptible and -resistant strains of P. xylostella. Eleven proteins were significantly different and were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. Metabolism-related proteins accounted for the highest proportion among the eleven different proteins. The function of the PxGST2L protein was validated by RNAi. Knockdown of PxGST2L reduced the GST activity and increased the toxicity of chlorantraniliprole to the diamondback moth. The resistance ratio of diamondback moth to chlorantraniliprole was reduced from 1029 to 505. The results indicated that PxGST2L is partly responsible for chlorantraniliprole insecticide resistance in DBM. Our finding contributes to the understanding of the mechanism underlying resistance to chlorantraniliprole in the DBM, to develop effective resistance management tactics.

scholarly journals Variation in Susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins among Unselected Strains ofPlutella xylostella

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 4610-4613 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. González-Cabrera ◽  
S. Herrero ◽  
A. H. Sayyed ◽  
B. Escriche ◽  
Y. B. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Analysis Of Variation ◽  
Relative Potencies

ABSTRACT So far, the only insect that has evolved resistance in the field toBacillus thuringiensis toxins is the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella). Documentation and analysis of resistant strains rely on comparisons with laboratory strains that have not been exposed to B. thuringiensis toxins. Previously published reports show considerable variation among laboratories in responses of unselected laboratory strains to B. thuringiensis toxins. Because different laboratories have used different unselected strains, such variation could be caused by differences in bioassay methods among laboratories, genetic differences among unselected strains, or both. Here we tested three unselected strains against five B. thuringiensis toxins (Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Ca, and Cry1Da) using two bioassay methods. Tests of the LAB-V strain from The Netherlands in different laboratories using different bioassay methods yielded only minor differences in results. In contrast, side-by-side comparisons revealed major genetic differences in susceptibility between strains. Compared with the LAB-V strain, the ROTH strain from England was 17- to 170-fold more susceptible to Cry1Aa and Cry1Ac, respectively, whereas the LAB-PS strain from Hawaii was 8-fold more susceptible to Cry1Ab and 13-fold more susceptible to Cry1Da and did not differ significantly from the LAB-V strain in response to Cry1Aa, Cry1Ac, or Cry1Ca. The relative potencies of toxins were similar among LAB-V, ROTH, and LAB-PS, with Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac being most toxic and Cry1Da being least toxic. Therefore, before choosing a standard reference strain upon which to base comparisons, it is highly advisable to perform an analysis of variation in susceptibility among field and laboratory populations.

scholarly journals A cis-Acting Mutation in the PxABCG1 Promoter Is Associated with Cry1Ac Resistance in Plutella xylostella (L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6106
Author(s):  
Jianying Qin ◽  
Fan Ye ◽  
Linzheng Xu ◽  
Xuguo Zhou ◽  
Neil Crickmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Resistance ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Cry Toxins ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Cry1ac Toxin ◽  
Bt Resistance ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus

The molecular mechanisms of insect resistance to Cry toxins generated from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) urgently need to be elucidated to enable the improvement and sustainability of Bt-based products. Although downregulation of the expression of midgut receptor genes is a pivotal mechanism of insect resistance to Bt Cry toxins, the underlying transcriptional regulation of these genes remains elusive. Herein, we unraveled the regulatory mechanism of the downregulation of the ABC transporter gene PxABCG1 (also called Pxwhite), a functional midgut receptor of the Bt Cry1Ac toxin in Plutella xylostella. The PxABCG1 promoters of Cry1Ac-susceptible and Cry1Ac-resistant strains were cloned and analyzed, and they showed clear differences in activity. Subsequently, a dual-luciferase reporter assay, a yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assay, and RNA interference (RNAi) experiments demonstrated that a cis-mutation in a binding site of the Hox transcription factor Antennapedia (Antp) decreased the promoter activity of the resistant strain and eliminated the binding and regulation of Antp, thereby enhancing the resistance of P. xylostella to the Cry1Ac toxin. These results advance our knowledge of the roles of cis- and trans-regulatory variations in the regulation of midgut Cry receptor genes and the evolution of Bt resistance, contributing to a more complete understanding of the Bt resistance mechanism.

scholarly journals The Effect of 200Gy 60Co-γ Radiation on the Body Stress Responses Sensitivity and Reproductive Reaction of Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxue Li ◽  
Lingyan Luo ◽  
Sengodan Karthi ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Jianjun Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Enzyme Regulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Radiation Treatments ◽  
Stress Damage ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
F1 Generation

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), is one of the notorious pests causing substantial loses to many cruciferous vegetables across the nations. We have got the result that 200Gy dosage irradiated 6-day male pupae of P. xylostella inducing F1 generation sterile. First, in our research, we detected Oxidase system and stress response mechanism of irradiated pupae, the results displayed that 200Gy irradiation significantly alters the antioxidant enzyme regulation in 6-day male pupae of P. xylostella. The level of SOD, CAT were increased significantly in contrast the level of POD and GST were decreased in 12-24h post-treatment. The heat shock proteins (Hsps) gene expression level was significant increasing, maximum > 2 folds up-regulation of genes were observed in peak. But they also had a trend of gradual recovery with development. Second, in order to explore the irradiated sterility further, we detected the testis LDH and ACP activity found that in male adults testis they increased significantly than control during its development. Thus the present research investigation highlights that the 60Co-γ radiation treatments alters the physiological development of diamondback moth. The results showed that 200Gy dosage resulted stress damage to the body and reproductive system of the diamondback moth.

scholarly journals Cross-Resistance and Stability of Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Cry1C in Diamondback Moth

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 3216-3219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Biao Liu ◽  
Bruce E. Tabashnik ◽  
Susan K. Meyer ◽  
Neil Crickmore
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Field Population ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis Toxin ◽  
Stability Of Resistance ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Reported Data

ABSTRACT We tested toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis against larvae from susceptible, Cry1C-resistant, and Cry1A-resistant strains of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella). The Cry1C-resistant strain, which was derived from a field population that had evolved resistance to B. thuringiensis subsp.kurstaki and B. thuringiensis subsp.aizawai, was selected repeatedly with Cry1C in the laboratory. The Cry1C-resistant strain had strong cross-resistance to Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, and Cry1F, low to moderate cross-resistance to Cry1Aa and Cry9Ca, and no cross-resistance to Cry1Bb, Cry1Ja, and Cry2A. Resistance to Cry1C declined when selection was relaxed. Together with previously reported data, the new data on the cross-resistance of a Cry1C-resistant strain reported here suggest that resistance to Cry1A and Cry1C toxins confers little or no cross-resistance to Cry1Bb, Cry2Aa, or Cry9Ca. Therefore, these toxins might be useful in rotations or combinations with Cry1A and Cry1C toxins. Cry9Ca was much more potent than Cry1Bb or Cry2Aa and thus might be especially useful against diamondback moth.

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