scholarly journals Electroluminescence and Electron Avalanching in Two-Phase Detectors

Instruments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Buzulutskov
Keyword(s):  
Signal Amplification ◽  
Noble Gas ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Neutrino Detection ◽  
Ionization Signal ◽  
Charge Signal ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
Phase Detectors ◽  
Primary Ionization

Electroluminescence and electron avalanching are the physical effects used in two-phase argon and xenon detectors for dark matter searches and neutrino detection, to amplify the primary ionization signal directly in cryogenic noble-gas media. We review the concepts of such light and charge signal amplification, including a combination thereof, both in the gas and in the liquid phase. Puzzling aspects of the physics of electroluminescence and electron avalanching in two-phase detectors are explained, and detection techniques based on these effects are described.

Proposal for Two-Phase Cryogenic Avalanche Detector for Dark Matter Search and Low-Energy Neutrino Detection

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Bondar ◽  
Alexey Buzulutskov ◽  
Aleksandr Dolgov ◽  
Sergey Peleganchuk ◽  
Rostislav Snopkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Dark Matter Search ◽  
Neutrino Detection ◽  
Optical Readout ◽  
Energy Neutrino ◽  
Ionization Signal ◽  
Geiger Mode ◽  
Cryogenic Chamber

The proposal for the detector of ultimate sensitivity for Dark Matter search and low-energy neutrino detection, including that of coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering, is presented, based on the technique of two-phase Cryogenic Avalanche Detectors (CRADs) in Ar. Such a detector, with a 160 l cryogenic chamber, will be able to operate in single electron counting mode with superior (~ 1 mm) spatial resolution. To obtain such characteristics, a novel technique to detect ionization signal is applied, namely an optical readout using combined multiplier comprising of Gas Electron Multipliers (GEMs) and a matrix of Geiger-mode APDs (GAPDs)

Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow Detection Techniques Based on Internal and External Tube Differential Pressure Flowmeter

2014 ◽  
Vol 568-570 ◽  
pp. 363-369
Author(s):  
Li Li Pang ◽  
Han Chuan Dong ◽  
Yun Shi ◽  
Li De Fang
Keyword(s):  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Differential Pressure ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Modified Model ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
External Tube ◽  
Flow Detection

The gas-liquid two-phase flow exists widely in nature and in our daily life, to realize the phase flow does not separate online measurement has become an important subject in the study. Through CFD simulation experiment, the optimal structure of inner and outer tube differential pressure flowmeter prototype. Through the analysis of the experimental data, comparison of the classical theoretical models found high Chishlom prediction model error is minimum. Moisture the modified model, the relative error of measurement is better than in the range of experiment 5%.

scholarly journals A SIMPLIFIED OXIDATION MODEL FOR TWO-PHASE FLOW IN POROUS MEDIA

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 09
Author(s):  
J. C. Da Mota ◽  
A. J. De Souza ◽  
D. Marchesin ◽  
P. W. Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Porous Media ◽  
Wave Structure ◽  
Thermal Recovery ◽  
Flow In Porous Media ◽  
Low Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
The Mathematical Model

This paper describes a simplified mathematical model for thermal recovery by oxidation for flow of oxygen and oil in porous media. Some neglected important physical effects include gravity, compressibility and heat loss to the rock formation, but heat longitudinal conduction and capillary pressure difference between the phases are considered. The mathematical model is obtained from the mass balance equations for air and oil, energy balance and Darcy's law applied to each phase. Based on this model some typical features in low temperature oxidation concerning the wave structure are captured. Numerical simulations showing saturations and temperature profiles are reported.

Interaction of Waves in Solid Mixtures

1999 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Rushchitsky
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Wave Interaction ◽  
Nonlinear Acoustics ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Interaction Of Waves ◽  
Simple Waves ◽  
Mechanics Of Materials ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
Main Effects

The focus of this review article is on analytical procedures and physical effects which are characteristic of the theory of nonlinear and simple waves in materials. Waves are supposed to propagate in composite materials, which are modeled as solid two-phase mixtures. It is shown how procedures of wave interaction investigations in nonlinear acoustics, optics and radiophysics are applied to nonlinear mechanics of materials with a microstructure. Main effects of the interactions of waves in composite materials: new harmonics generation, self-generation, evolution and distortion, synchronization, breakdown instability, etc are commented upon. This article is proposed not only for specialists in wave theories; therefore it contains some facts which are obvious for researchers working in the field of waves. Many portions of this review are described in more detail in a book (Rushchitsky and Tsurpal (1998), 377 pages). This review article contains 286 references.

Detection of reactor antineutrino coherent scattering off nuclei with a two-phase noble gas detector

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (06) ◽  
pp. P06010-P06010 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Akimov ◽  
A Bondar ◽  
A Burenkov ◽  
A Buzulutskov
Keyword(s):  
Noble Gas ◽  
Coherent Scattering ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Reactor Antineutrino ◽  
Gas Detector

Review of high-sensitivity Radon studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (30) ◽  
pp. 1743004 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wojcik ◽  
G. Zuzel ◽  
H. Simgen
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Noble Gas ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Low Energies ◽  
Radioactive Background ◽  
Radon Detection ◽  
Physics Experiments ◽  
Nuclear Processes

A challenge in many present cutting-edge particle physics experiments is the stringent requirements in terms of radioactive background. In peculiar, the prevention of Radon, a radioactive noble gas, which occurs from ambient air and it is also released by emanation from the omnipresent progenitor Radium. In this paper we review various high-sensitivity Radon detection techniques and approaches, applied in the experiments looking for rare nuclear processes happening at low energies. They allow to identify, quantitatively measure and finally suppress the numerous sources of Radon in the detectors’ components and plants.

scholarly journals A SIMPLIFIED OXIDATION MODEL FOR TWO-PHASE FLOW IN POROUS MEDIA

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Da Mota ◽  
A. J. De Souza ◽  
D. Marchesin ◽  
P. W. Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Porous Media ◽  
Wave Structure ◽  
Thermal Recovery ◽  
Flow In Porous Media ◽  
Low Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
The Mathematical Model

This paper describes a simplified mathematical model for thermal recovery by oxidation for flow of oxygen and oil in porous media. Some neglected important physical effects include gravity, compressibility and heat loss to the rock formation, but heat longitudinal conduction and capillary pressure difference between the phases are considered. The mathematical model is obtained from the mass balance equations for air and oil, energy balance and Darcy's law applied to each phase. Based on this model some typical features in low temperature oxidation concerning the wave structure are captured. Numerical simulations showing saturations and temperature profiles are reported.

scholarly journals Theoretical Prediction of Presupernova Neutrinos and Their Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kato ◽  
K. Ishidoshiro ◽  
T. Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Evolution ◽  
Massive Star ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
The Core ◽  
Sn 1987A ◽  
Neutrino Detection ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Remarkable Progress ◽  
Made In

More than 30 years have passed since the successful detection of supernova (SN) neutrinos from SN 1987A. In the last few decades, remarkable progress has been made in neutrino detection techniques, through which it may be possible to detect neutrinos from a new source, presupernova (pre-SN) neutrinos. They are emitted from a massive star prior to core bounce. Because neutrinos escape from the core freely, they carry information about the stellar physics directly. Pre-SN neutrinos may play an important role in verifying our understanding of stellar evolution for massive stars. Observation of pre-SN neutrinos, moreover, may serve as an alarm regarding an SN explosion a few days in advance if the progenitor is located in our vicinity, enabling us to observe the next galactic SN. In this review, we summarize the current status of pre-SN neutrino studies from both the theoretical and observational points of view.

scholarly journals A Review and Comparison of Changepoint Detection Techniques for Climate Data

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 900-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaxk Reeves ◽  
Jien Chen ◽  
Xiaolan L. Wang ◽  
Robert Lund ◽  
Qi Qi Lu
Keyword(s):  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Information Criteria ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Standard Normal ◽  
Simulated Climate ◽  
Climate Time Series

Abstract This review article enumerates, categorizes, and compares many of the methods that have been proposed to detect undocumented changepoints in climate data series. The methods examined include the standard normal homogeneity (SNH) test, Wilcoxon’s nonparametric test, two-phase regression (TPR) procedures, inhomogeneity tests, information criteria procedures, and various variants thereof. All of these methods have been proposed in the climate literature to detect undocumented changepoints, but heretofore there has been little formal comparison of the techniques on either real or simulated climate series. This study seeks to unify the topic, showing clearly the fundamental differences among the assumptions made by each procedure and providing guidelines for which procedures work best in different situations. It is shown that the common trend TPR and Sawa’s Bayes criteria procedures seem optimal for most climate time series, whereas the SNH procedure and its nonparametric variant are probably best when trend and periodic effects can be diminished by using homogeneous reference series. Two applications to annual mean temperature series are given. Directions for future research are discussed.

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