scholarly journals Analysis of a Dynamic Calibration Target for Through-Wall and Through-Rubble Motion Sensing Doppler Radar

Instruments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Ram M. Narayanan ◽  
Michael J. Harner ◽  
John R. Jendzurski ◽  
Nicholas G. Paulter
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Human Detection ◽  
Dynamic Calibration ◽  
Motion Sensing ◽  
Calibration Target ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Human Respiration ◽  
Field Deployment

Through-wall and through-barrier motion-sensing systems are becoming increasingly important tools to locate humans concealed behind barriers and under rubble. The sensing performance of these systems is best determined with appropriately designed calibration targets, which are ones that can emulate human motion. The effectiveness of various dynamic calibration targets that emulate human respiration, heart rate, and other body motions were analyzed. Moreover, these targets should be amenable to field deployment and not manifest angular or orientation dependences. The three targets examined in this thesis possess spherical polyhedral geometries. Spherical geometries were selected due to their isotropic radar cross-sectional characteristics, which provide for consistent radar returns independent of the orientation of the radar transceiver relative to the test target. The aspect-independence of a sphere allows for more accurate and repeatable calibration of a radar than using a nonspherical calibration artifact. In addition, the radar cross section (RCS) for scattering spheres is well known and can be calculated using far-field approximations. For Doppler radar testing, it is desired to apply these calibration advantages to a dynamically expanding-and-contracting sphere-like device that can emulate motions of the human body. Monostatic RCS simulations at 3.6 GHz were documented for each geometry. The results provide a visual way of representing the effectiveness of each design as a dynamic calibration target for human detection purposes.

Theoretical considerations for a dynamic calibration target for through-wall and through-rubble motion-sensing Doppler radar

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Harner ◽  
Matthew J. Brandsema ◽  
Ram M. Narayanan ◽  
John R. Jendzurski ◽  
Nicholas G. Paulter
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Dynamic Calibration ◽  
Motion Sensing ◽  
Calibration Target ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

A New Hybrid Lead‐Free Metal Halide Piezoelectric for Energy Harvesting and Human Motion Sensing

Small ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 2103829
Author(s):  
Tian‐Meng Guo ◽  
Yong‐Ji Gong ◽  
Zhi‐Gang Li ◽  
Yi‐Ming Liu ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Metal Halide ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Motion Sensing ◽  
Free Metal

scholarly journals Antibacterial, Flexible, and Conductive Membrane Based on MWCNTs/Ag Coated Electro-Spun PLA Nanofibrous Scaffolds as Wearable Fabric for Body Motion Sensing

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Gan ◽  
Aobo Geng ◽  
Ying Wu ◽  
Linjie Wang ◽  
Xingyu Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Motion Sensing ◽  
Nanofibrous Scaffolds ◽  
Conductive Membrane

In the present study, flexible and conductive nanofiber membranes were prepared by coating PLA nanofibrous scaffolds with carbon nanotubes and silver nanoparticles. The morphology and structure of the prepared membrane was characterized, as well as its mechanical properties, electrical sensing behavior during consecutive stretching-releasing cycles and human motion detecting performance. Furthermore, the antibacterial properties of the membrane was also investigated. Due to the synergistic and interconnected three-dimensional (3D) conductive networks, formed by carbon nanotubes and silver nanoparticles, the membrane exhibited repeatable and durable strain-dependent sensitivity. Further, the prepared membrane could accurately detect the motions of different body parts. Accompanied with promising antibacterial properties and washing fastness, the prepared flexible and conductive membrane provides great application potential as a wearable fabric for real-time body motion sensing.

scholarly journals Non-Contact Measurement of Human Respiration and Heartbeat Using W-band Doppler Radar Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 5209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heesoo Kim ◽  
Jinho Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Band Pass Filter ◽  
Radar Sensor ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Contact Measurement ◽  
W Band ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Human Respiration ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Respiration Signal

This paper presents a W-band continuous-wave (CW) Doppler radar sensor for non-contact measurement of human respiration and heartbeat. The very short wavelength of the W-band signal allows a high-precision detection of the displacement of the chest surface by the heartbeat as well as respiration. The CW signal at 94 GHz is transmitted through a high-gain horn antenna to the human chest at a distance of 1 m. The phase-modulated reflection signal is down-converted to the baseband by the quadrature mixer with an excellent amplitude and phase matches between I and Q channels, which makes the IQ mismatch correction in the digital domain unnecessary. The baseband I and Q data are digitized using data acquisition (DAQ) board. The arctangent demodulation with automatic phase unwrapping is applied to the low-pass filtered I and Q data to effectively solve the null point problem. A slow-varying DC component is rejected in the demodulated signal by the trend removal algorithm. Then, the respiration signal with a frequency of 0.27 Hz and a displacement of ~6.1 mm is retrieved by applying a low-pass filter. Finally, the respiration signal is removed by the band-pass filter and the heartbeat signal is extracted, showing a frequency of 1.35 Hz and a displacement of ~0.26 mm. The extracted respiration and heartbeat rates are very close to the manual measurement results. The demonstrated W-band CW radar sensors can be easily applied to find the angular location of the human body by using a phased array under a compact size.

scholarly journals Numerical Study on the Feasibility of a 24 GHz ISM-Band Doppler Radar Antenna for Near-Field Sensing of Human Respiration in Electromagnetic Aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungyong Park ◽  
Sungpeel Kim ◽  
Dong Kyoo Kim ◽  
Jaehoon Choi ◽  
Kyung-Young Jung
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Near Field ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ism Band ◽  
Human Respiration ◽  
Field Sensing ◽  
Radar Antenna ◽  
24 Ghz

The feasibility study of a 24 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band Doppler radar antenna in electromagnetic aspects is numerically performed for near-field sensing of human respiration. The Doppler radar antenna consists of a transmitting (Tx) antenna and a receiving (Rx) antenna close to the human body for a wearable device. The designed slot-type Doppler radar antenna is embedded between an RO4350B superstrate and an FR-4 substrate. To obtain the higher radiation pattern of the antenna towards the human body, a ground plane reflector is placed underneath the substrate. The measured −10 dB reflection coefficient (S11) bandwidth is 23.74 to 25.56 GHz and the mutual coupling (S21) between Tx and Rx antennas is lower than −30 dB at target frequencies. The Doppler radar performance of the proposed Doppler radar antenna is performed numerically by investigating the signal returned from the human body. The Doppler effect due to human respiration is investigated through the I/Q and arctangent demodulation of the returned signal. According to the results, the phase variation of the returned signal is proportional to the displacement of the body surface, which is about 0.8 rad in accordance with 1 mm displacement. The numerical experiments indicate that the proposed Doppler radar antenna can be used for near-field sensing of human respiration in electromagnetic aspects.

scholarly journals Software-Defined Doppler Radar Sensor for Human Breathing Detection

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 3085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Costanzo
Keyword(s):  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Phase Correlation ◽  
Wireless Sensing ◽  
Radar Sensor ◽  
Human Respiration ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Radio Transceiver

Non-contact wireless sensing approaches have emerged in recent years, in order to enable novel enhanced developments in the framework of healthcare and biomedical scenarios. One of these technologically advanced solutions is given by software-defined radar platforms, a low-cost radar implementation, where all operations are implemented and easily changed via software. In the present paper, a software-defined radar implementation with Doppler elaboration features is presented, to be applied for the non-contact monitoring of human respiration signals. A quadrature receiver I/Q (In-phase/Quadrature) architecture is adopted in order to overcome the critical issues related to the occurrences of null detection points, while the phase-locked loop components included in the software defined radio transceiver are successfully exploited to guarantee the phase correlation between I/Q signal components. The proposed approach leads to a compact, low-cost, and flexible radar solution, whose application abilities may be simply changed via software, with no need for hardware modifications. Experimental results on a human target are discussed so as to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach for vital signs detection.

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