scholarly journals Effects of Weight Gain after 20 Years of Age and Incidence of Hyper-Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterolemia: The Iki Epidemiological Study of Atherosclerosis and Chronic Kidney Disease (ISSA-CKD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3098
Author(s):  
Shota Okutsu ◽  
Yoshifumi Kato ◽  
Shunsuke Funakoshi ◽  
Toshiki Maeda ◽  
Chikara Yoshimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
General Population ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Obesity Hypertension ◽  
Old Men

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term weight gain from the age of 20 on incidence of hyper-low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterolemia in the general population of Japanese people. Methods: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study using annual health checkup data for residents of Iki City, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. A total of 3179 adult (≥30 years old) men and women without hyper-LDL cholesterolemia at baseline, who underwent two or more health checkups were included in the analysis. Information on weight gain (≥10 kg) after 20 years of age was obtained using questionnaire. The outcome of this study was development of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia defined as LDL-cholesterol level ≥3.62 mmol/L and/or initiation of lipid-lowering medications. Results: During a mean follow-up period of 4.53 years, 665 of the 3179 participants developed hyper-LDL cholesterolemia (46.5/1000 person-years). The incidence of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia was higher in participants with a weight gain of ≥10 kg (55.3/1000 person-years) than among those with a weight gain of <10 kg (41.8/1000 person-years). This association remained statistically significant even after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, daily drinking, exercise, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes (multivariable hazard ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval 1.08–1.58, p = 0.006). Conclusion: A weight gain of ≥10 after 20 years of age affected the development of hyper-LDL cholesterol regardless of age, sex, and obesity in a general population of Japanese.

scholarly journals Clinical Significance of Electronegative Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Atherothrombosis

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Sheng Chu ◽  
Shi Hui Law ◽  
David Lenzen ◽  
Yong-Hong Tan ◽  
Shih-Feng Weng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Despite the numerous risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD), cumulative evidence shows that electronegative low-density lipoprotein (L5 LDL) cholesterol is a promising biomarker. Its toxicity may contribute to atherothrombotic events. Notably, plasma L5 LDL levels positively correlate with the increasing severity of cardiovascular diseases. In contrast, traditional markers such as LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride are the therapeutic goals in secondary prevention for ASCVD, but that is controversial in primary prevention for patients with low risk. In this review, we point out the clinical significance and pathophysiological mechanisms of L5 LDL, and the clinical applications of L5 LDL levels in ASCVD can be confidently addressed. Based on the previously defined cut-off value by receiver operating characteristic curve, the acceptable physiological range of L5 concentration is proposed to be below 1.7 mg/dL. When L5 LDL level surpass this threshold, clinically relevant ASCVD might be present, and further exams such as carotid intima-media thickness, pulse wave velocity, exercise stress test, or multidetector computed tomography are required. Notably, the ultimate goal of L5 LDL concentration is lower than 1.7 mg/dL. Instead, with L5 LDL greater than 1.7 mg/dL, lipid-lowering treatment may be required, including statin, ezetimibe or PCSK9 inhibitor, regardless of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level. Since L5 LDL could be a promising biomarker, we propose that a high throughput, clinically feasible methodology is urgently required not only for conducting a prospective, large population study but for developing therapeutics strategies to decrease L5 LDL in the blood.

Secondary prevention care and effect: Total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and lipid-lowering drug use in women and men after incident myocardial infarction – The Tromsø Study 1994–2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila A Hopstock ◽  
Anne Elise Eggen ◽  
Maja-Lisa Løchen ◽  
Ellisiv B Mathiesen ◽  
Inger Njølstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Treatment Target ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Lipid Lowering Drug ◽  
Lowering Drug

Background: Secondary prevention guidelines after myocardial infarction (MI) are gender neutral, but underutilisation of treatment in women has been reported. Design: We investigated the change in total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and lipid-lowering drug (LLD) use after first-ever MI in a population-based study. Methods: We followed 10,005 participants (54% women) attending the Tromsø Study 1994–1995 and 8483 participants (55% women) attending the Tromsø Study 2007–2008 for first-ever MI up to their participation in 2007–2008 and 2015–2016, respectively. We used linear and logistic regression models to investigate sex differences in change in lipid levels. Results: A total of 395 (MI cohort I) and 132 participants (MI cohort II) had a first-ever MI during 1994–2008 and 2007–2013, respectively. Mean change in total cholesterol was −2.34 mmol/L (SD 1.15) in MI cohort I, and in LDL cholesterol was −1.63 mmol/L (SD 1.12) in MI cohort II. Men had a larger decrease in lipid levels compared to women: the linear regression coefficient for change was −0.33 (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.51 to −0.14) for total cholesterol and −0.21 (95% CI −0.37 to −0.04) for LDL cholesterol, adjusted for baseline lipid value, age and cohort. Men had 73% higher odds (95% CI 1.15−2.61) of treatment target achievement compared to women, adjusted for baseline lipid value, age and cohort. LLD use was reported in 85% of women and 92% of men in MI cohort I, and 80% in women and 89% in men in MI cohort II. Conclusions: Compared to men, women had significantly less decrease in lipid levels after MI, and a smaller proportion of women achieved the treatment target.

Bezafibrate

1983 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 75-76
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
The Uk

Bezafibrate (Bezalip - MCP), an analogue of clofibrate (Atromid-S), has been marketed in the UK for two years. Like clofibrate 1 it lowers both triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in plasma. The reduction is usually in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, whilst high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol rises. Like other lipid-lowering drugs, it should be used only where appropriate dietary measures have failed and where the hyperlipidaemia poses a significant risk.2

scholarly journals Association between low density lipoprotein and all cause and cause specific mortality in Denmark: prospective cohort study

BMJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. m4266
Author(s):  
Camilla Ditlev Lindhardt Johannesen ◽  
Anne Langsted ◽  
Martin Bødtker Mortensen ◽  
Børge Grønne Nordestgaard
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality

Abstract Objective To determine the association between levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and all cause mortality, and the concentration of LDL-C associated with the lowest risk of all cause mortality in the general population. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Denmark; the Copenhagen General Population Study recruited in 2003-15 with a median follow-up of 9.4 years. Participants Individuals randomly selected from the national Danish Civil Registration System. Main outcome measures Baseline levels of LDL-C associated with risk of mortality were evaluated on a continuous scale (restricted cubic splines) and by a priori defined centile categories with Cox proportional hazards regression models. Main outcome was all cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were cause specific mortality (cardiovascular, cancer, and other mortality). Results Among 108 243 individuals aged 20-100, 11 376 (10.5%) died during the study, at a median age of 81. The association between levels of LDL-C and the risk of all cause mortality was U shaped, with low and high levels associated with an increased risk of all cause mortality. Compared with individuals with concentrations of LDL-C of 3.4-3.9 mmol/L (132-154 mg/dL; 61st-80th centiles), the multivariable adjusted hazard ratio for all cause mortality was 1.25 (95% confidence interval 1.15 to 1.36) for individuals with LDL-C concentrations of less than 1.8 mmol/L (<70 mg/dL; 1st-5th centiles) and 1.15 (1.05 to 1.27) for LDL-C concentrations of more than 4.8 mmol/L (>189 mg/dL; 96th-100th centiles). The concentration of LDL-C associated with the lowest risk of all cause mortality was 3.6 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) in the overall population and in individuals not receiving lipid lowering treatment, compared with 2.3 mmol/L (89 mg/dL) in individuals receiving lipid lowering treatment. Similar results were seen in men and women, across age groups, and for cancer and other mortality, but not for cardiovascular mortality. Any increase in LDL-C levels was associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction. Conclusions In the general population, low and high levels of LDL-C were associated with an increased risk of all cause mortality, and the lowest risk of all cause mortality was found at an LDL-C concentration of 3.6 mmol/L (140 mg/dL).

scholarly journals Inclisirán as an alternative treatment for Hypercholesterolemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-521
Author(s):  
Jorge Andrés Ojeda Villota ◽  
Javier Alfredo Pérez Martínez ◽  
Luis Alberto Burgos de Moya ◽  
Rodrigo Alfonso Chavez Vega ◽  
Roxana Rivera Valencia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Lipid Lowering Therapy ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Pcsk9 Inhibitors ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Lowering Therapy

Hypercholesterolemia (CH) is defined as the elevation of serum cholesterol levels, especially low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, which is considered to be one of the most relevant risk factors for triggering cardiovascular disease, for This is vitally important to start treatment, there are several highly useful pharmacological groups for lipid-lowering therapy, among them we highlight the PCSK9 inhibitors, among the molecules that are part of this group we find inclisirán, this being a structure that promises a lot in regarding the management of hypercholesterolemia.

scholarly journals Metabolic abnormalities in patients with normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism detected at a population-based screening

2006 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Hagström ◽  
Ewa Lundgren ◽  
Jonas Rastad ◽  
Per Hellman
Keyword(s):  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Metabolic Variables ◽  
Normal Calcium

Objective: Dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and also primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Metabolic abnormalities in mild pHPT have been reported, but never in cases with normal calcium and high parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, i.e. suffering from ‘normocalcemic pHPT’. Our aim was to explore the occurrence of these metabolic abnormalities in individuals with normocalcemic pHPT identified in a population-based screening, and the effects of parathyroidectomy vs conservative treatment on metabolic variables. Design and methods: A population-based screening of 5202 post-menopausal women identified 30 patients with normal calcium, inappropriately high PTH and normal creatinine. A 5-year follow-up included 15 parathyroidectomized (PTx) and nine conservatively followed cases, in a non-randomized setting, together with age-matched controls. Biochemical variables and body mass index (BMI) were investigated. Results: At study entry, cases had higher calcium, PTH, glucose, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol, total triglycerides, and BMI compared to controls (P = < 0.0001–0.035). The cases had a lower HDL-cholesterol value (P = 0.013) and one third of the cases had hypertriglyceridemia. During follow-up, the PTx cases decreased in calcium, PTH, LDL/HDL-cholesterol, total and LDL-cholesterol (P = 0.0076–0.022). Investigated biochemical variables remained adverse in conservatively followed cases during follow-up except a decreased LDL-cholesterol value. All surgically treated patients had parathyroid adenoma. Conclusions: Cases with normocalcemic pHPT have increased proatherogenic lipoprotein levels, BMI and glucose levels compared to age-matched controls. Parathyroidectomy has positive effects on some of these variables and reverses them to the same level as the controls, while conservative treatment fails to normalize the investigated metabolic variables.

scholarly journals Lipid-Lowering Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Hegele ◽  
Sotirios Tsimikas
Keyword(s):  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Lowering Agents

Several new or emerging drugs for dyslipidemia owe their existence, in part, to human genetic evidence, such as observations in families with rare genetic disorders or in Mendelian randomization studies. Much effort has been directed to agents that reduce LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, triglyceride, and Lp[a] (lipoprotein[a]), with some sustained programs on agents to raise HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol. Lomitapide, mipomersen, AAV8.TBG.hLDLR, inclisiran, bempedoic acid, and gemcabene primarily target LDL cholesterol. Alipogene tiparvovec, pradigastat, and volanesorsen primarily target elevated triglycerides, whereas evinacumab and IONIS-ANGPTL3-L Rx target both LDL cholesterol and triglyceride. IONIS-APO(a)-L Rx targets Lp(a).

scholarly journals Possibilities of using rosuvastatin to achieve target level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in clinical practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Yuliia A. Prus ◽  
◽  
Igor V. Sergienko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Lipid Lowering Therapy ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

Statins are the cornerstone of therapy for hypercholesterolemia and coronary artery disease. A large number of studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of lipid-lowering therapy in preventing the progression of atherosclerosis and the development of cardiovascular diseases. The original rosuvastatin is one of the most effective statin medication in its class used to reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. The existing fears of patients and doctors about the high doses of rosuvastatin, as well as other drugs in this group, prevent the achievement of the target LDL cholesterol values, and, as a result, contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis. This article demonstrates the efficacy and safety of taking high doses of rosuvastatin in patients of different age groups with various cardiovascular events.

scholarly journals Platelet aggregation and lipoprotein levels in a patient with familial hypercholescholesterolemia after selective LDL-apheresis

1997 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 1448-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madalena Nunes da Silva Pares ◽  
Elbio Antonio D'Amico ◽  
José Mauro Kutner ◽  
Dalton de Alencar Fischer Chamone ◽  
Sergio Paulo Bydlowski
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Ldl Apheresis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Apo B

Platelet aggregation was studied in a patient with familial hypercholesterolemia immediately after aphereis selective for low-density lipoprotein (LDL), a lipid-lowering procedure.This treatment reduced plasmatic levels of total and LDL-cholesterol, apo B, and triglyceride. Increased platelet aggregation was reduced immediately after the apheresis in whole blood as well as in platelet-rich plasma. However, aggregation in washed platelets remained unchanged after LDL-apheresis. In conclusion, in this patient reduction of LDL-cholesterol improved platelet function in the very short term.

Platelet Aggregation and Plasma Lipoproteins in Alcoholics During Alcohol Withdrawal

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (02) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Desai ◽  
J S Owen ◽  
D T Wilson ◽  
R A Hutton
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Lipoprotein ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Content ◽  
Low Density

SummaryPlatelet aggregation, platelet lipid composition and plasma lipoprotein concentrations were measured each week in a group of seventeen alcoholics, without overt liver disease, for one month, following acute, total alcohol withdrawal. The platelets were initially hypoaggregable but, within 1-2 weeks of cessation of drinking, they became hyperaggregable and then gradually returned towards normal values. Hyperaggregability could not be explained by increases in either the cholesterol or the arachidonic acid content of the platelets. Plasma very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels remained high throughout the study, but the initially raised levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol fell by 26%. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration rose by 10% after two weeks of withdrawal but then returned to about the starting level. The resulting changes in the plasma LDL-cholesterol: HDL-cholesterol ratio, which had increased by more than 50% after two weeks of abstinence, essentially paralleled the time course of enhanced platelet reactivity in all but four of the alcoholics. These findings suggest that alterations in plasma lipoprotein concentrations during acute alcohol withdrawal may be a contributory factor to the haemostatic disorders present in such patients.

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