scholarly journals COVID-19 in Pregnancy—Perinatal Outcomes and Vertical Transmission Preventative Strategies, When Considering More Transmissible SARS-CoV-2 Variants

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 3724
Author(s):  
Marcin Januszewski ◽  
Laura Ziuzia-Januszewska ◽  
Malgorzata Santor-Zaczynska ◽  
Alicja A. Jakimiuk ◽  
Tomasz Oleksik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic affected the physical and mental health of people around the world and left unprepared health care systems struggling to mount an adequate response. Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy in terms of perinatal and fetal outcomes is essential to propose strategies for mminimising viral transmission. Overall, 91 pregnant women in labour, or with indication for induction of labour, with COVID-19 were admitted to hospital. On the day of admission, each pregnant woman underwent a nasopharyngeal swab to validate SARS-CoV-2 infection. Whenever delivery was by caesarean section, an amniotic fluid sample was collected after uterus incision. Neonates were tested twice: first by nasopharyngeal swab at birth and secondly either at 24 h after (when babies were isolated) or at discharge (when rooming-in). All samples underwent rRT-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2. The SARS-CoV-2 RNA tests by nasopharyngeal swab of the pregnant women produced positive results in 47 patients. This cohort gave birth to 48 infants who were double tested by nasopharyngeal swab and included in the prospective observational study. Moreover, in this same cohort, 39 amniotic fluid samples were taken during caesarean section. All samples underwent rRT-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 and came back negative. The study results suggest a low risk of vertical transmission of COVID-19 and favourable perinatal outcomes due to adequate preventative strategies. This approach may prove to be more beneficial in the new SARS-CoV-2 variants era.

Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Its Vertical Transmission and Impact on Overall Perinatal Outcomes: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naina Kumar ◽  
Vikas Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
English Language ◽  
Neonatal Outcome ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Neonatal Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Background: : COVID-19 pandemic caused by single-stranded RNA containing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) started in early December 2019 from the Wuhan city of China and till date has affected millions of people including pregnant women worldwide. Research from all over the world has shown that the SARS-CoV-2 infection can be transmitted vertically from mother to fetus, but is very rare. Neonatal infection with COVID-19 accounts for only a small proportion of the total population infected. Furthermore, very few studies have observed the impact of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection on neonatal outcomes. Thus, the literature about neonatal transmission and outcome in COVID-19 infected antenatal women is very scattered and limited. The present review briefs on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection from mother to fetus and its impact on perinatal outcomes. Methodology: : English language articles from various databases including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Scholar, MedRxiv, and Web of Science and from the World Health Organization site were searched from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic up to June 2021. The search terms used were “SARS-CoV-2 and pregnancy outcome, “COVID-19 and neonatal outcome”, “Placental changes in COVID-19 infected pregnant women”, “Vertical transmission of COVID-19”. Conclusion: : Maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection can be transmitted to the fetus, though uncommon, and can lead to adverse perinatal outcomes including preterm births, intrauterine growth restriction, NICU admission, stillbirths. The data on transmission and the adverse neonatal outcome is sparse and many more studies are needed to fully understand the mechanism by which maternal COVID-19 infection can affect fetuses and neonates.

Impact of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) on Pregnant Women: A Review

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Habeeb ◽  
Manju Chugani
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

: The novel coronavirus infection (COVID‐19) is a global public health emergency.Since its outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019, the infection has spread at an alarming rate across the globe and humans have been locked down to their countries, cities and homes. As of now, the virus has affected over 20million people globally and has inflicted over 7 lac deaths. Nevertheless, the recovery rate is improving with each passing day and over 14 million people have recuperated so far. The statistics indicate that nobody is immune to the disease as the virus continues to spread among all age groups; newborns to the elders, and all compartmentsincluding pregnant women. However, pregnant women may be more susceptible to this infection as they are, in general, highly vulnerable to respiratory infections. There is no evidence for vertical transmission of the COVID-19 virus among pregnant women, but an increased prevalence of preterm deliveries. Besides this, the COVID-19 may alter immune response at the maternal-fetal interface and affect the well-being of mothers as well as infants. Unfortunately, there is limited evidence available in the open literature regarding coronavirus infection during pregnancy and it now appears that certain pregnant women have infected during the present 2019-nCoV pandemic. In this short communication, we study the impact of the COVID-19 infection on vertical transmission and fetal outcome among pregnant women.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Uncertainties from Conception to Birth

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (01) ◽  
pp. 054-060
Author(s):  
Bruno Ramalho de Carvalho ◽  
Karina de Sá Adami ◽  
Walusa Assad Gonçalves-Ferri ◽  
Marise Samama ◽  
Rui Alberto Ferriani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Reproductive Events ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Initial Impressions ◽  
Quality Evidence

AbstractScientific information on the impact of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) on the health of pregnant women, fetuses and newborns is considered of limited confidence, lacking good-quality evidence, and drawing biased conclusions. As a matter of fact, the initial impressions that the evolution of COVID-19 was no different between pregnant and non-pregnant women, and that SARS-CoV-2 was not vertically transmitted, are confronted by the documentation of worsening of the disease during pregnancy, poor obstetric outcomes, and the possibility of vertical transmission. The present article aims to compile the data available on the association of COVID-19 and reproductive events, from conception to birth.

scholarly journals Fetal movement counting is associated with the reduction of delayed maternal reaction after perceiving decreased fetal movements: a prospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeki Koshida ◽  
Shinsuke Tokoro ◽  
Daisuke Katsura ◽  
Shunichiro Tsuji ◽  
Takashi Murakami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Behavior ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Fetal Movement ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Fetal Movements ◽  
Adverse Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Maternal Reaction

AbstractMaternal perception of decreased fetal movement is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Although there have been several studies on interventions related to the fetal movements count, most focused on adverse perinatal outcomes, and little is known about the impact of the fetal movement count on maternal behavior after the perception of decreased fetal movement. We investigated the impact of the daily fetal movement count on maternal behavior after the perception of decreased fetal movement and on the stillbirth rate in this prospective population-based study. Pregnant women in Shiga prefecture of Japan were asked to count the time of 10 fetal movements from 34 weeks of gestation. We analyzed 101 stillbirths after the intervention compared to 121 stillbirths before the intervention. In multivariable analysis, maternal delayed visit to a health care provider after the perception of decreased fetal movement significantly reduced after the intervention (aOR 0.31, 95% CI 0.11–0.83). Our regional stillbirth rates in the pre-intervention and post-intervention periods were 3.06 and 2.70 per 1000 births, respectively. Informing pregnant women about the fetal movement count was associated with a reduction in delayed maternal reaction after the perception of decreased fetal movement, which might reduce stillbirths.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Infection during Pregnancy: Risk of Vertical Transmission, Fetal, and Neonatal Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Marwa Saadaoui ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Souhaila Al Khodor
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Pregnancy Risk ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Critical Public Health ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic is a worldwide, critical public health challenge and is considered one of the most communicable diseases that the world had faced so far. Response and symptoms associated with COVID-19 vary between the different cases recorded, but it is amply described that symptoms become more aggressive in subjects with a weaker immune system. This includes older subjects, patients with chronic diseases, patients with immunosuppression treatment, and pregnant women. Pregnant women are receiving more attention not only because of their altered physiological and immunological function but also for the potential risk of viral vertical transmission to the fetus or infant. However, very limited data about the impact of maternal infection during pregnancy, such as the possibility of vertical transmission in utero, during birth, or via breastfeeding, is available. Moreover, the impact of infection on the newborn in the short and long term remains poorly understood. Therefore, it is vital to collect and analyze data from pregnant women infected with COVID-19 to understand the viral pathophysiology during pregnancy and its effects on the offspring. In this article, we review the current knowledge about pre-and post-natal COVID-19 infection, and we discuss whether vertical transmission takes place in pregnant women infected with the virus and what are the current recommendations that pregnant women should follow in order to be protected from the virus.

scholarly journals Perinatal outcome in meconium-stained amniotic fluid at term: a single center prospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Vandana Mohapatra ◽  
Sujata Misra ◽  
Tapas Ranjan Behera
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Meconium Stained Amniotic Fluid

Background: The presence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid is a sign of fetal compromise and is associated with increased perinatal morbidity. The objective of this study was to determine the perinatal outcome in pregnant women at term with meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) and compare it with the outcome associated with clear liquor. Methods: A prospective observational, study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, VIMSAR, Burla from January, 2013 to June, 2013. Pregnant women with singleton pregnancy, cephalic presentation at term were included in the study. Total 135 cases of MSAF (study group) were compared with 165 randomly selected controls with clear liquor. Outcome measures were fetal heart rate (FHR) abnormality, mode of delivery, Apgar score, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, diagnosis of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), birth asphyxia and neonatal death. Statistical analysis was done by using the mean and Chi-square test with or without Yates’ correction.  Results: The mean gestational age for meconium staining in the present study was 40.31±0.48 weeks. Caesarean section was the most common mode of delivery in MSAF group whereas vaginal delivery was most common in control group. Significantly higher number of babies in the study group required NICU admissions. The incidence of MAS and birth asphyxia too was statistically higher among babies born to study group as compared to control group.Conclusions: MSAF has significant adverse effect on the perinatal outcome, as it increases the caesarean section rates, NICU admissions, MAS and birth asphyxia.

scholarly journals What is the Impact of Abnormal Amniotic Fluid Volumes on Perinatal Outcomes in Normal Compared with At-Risk Pregnancies?

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 12 ◽  
pp. 805-812
Author(s):  
Pamela M Simmons ◽  
Julie R Whittington ◽  
Sarah M Estrada ◽  
Songthip T Ounpraseuth ◽  
Kelsey B Shnaekel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Clinical manifestations and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Yee ◽  
Woorim Kim ◽  
Ji Min Han ◽  
Ha Young Yoon ◽  
Nari Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Death ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Current Review ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on pregnant women. We searched for qualified studies in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. The clinical characteristics of pregnant women with COVID-19 and their infants were reported as means and proportions with 95% confidence interval. Eleven studies involving with 9032 pregnant women with COVID-19 and 338 infants were included in the meta-analysis. Pregnant women with COVID-19 have relatively mild symptoms. However, abnormal proportions of laboratory parameters were similar or even increased, compared to general population. Around 30% of pregnant women with COVID-19 experienced preterm delivery, whereas the mean birth weight was 2855.9 g. Fetal death and detection of SARS-CoV-2 were observed in about 2%, whereas neonatal death was found to be 0.4%. In conclusion, the current review will serve as an ideal basis for future considerations in the treatment and management of COVID-19 in pregnant women.

scholarly journals Maternal and Perinatal outcomes of oligohydramnios in a tertiary care hospital in Salem, Tamil Nadu, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1939
Author(s):  
Jeyamani B. ◽  
Anurekha J. P. ◽  
Arun Daniel J.
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Caesarean Section Rate ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Index ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Volume

Background: Oligohydramnios is the term coined for a condition where the amount of liquor amnii is less than 200 ml at term. Using an ultrasonogram, oligohydramnios can be deliberated when the vertical pocket of liquor is less than 2 cm or when amniotic fluid index (AFI) is less than 5 cm. Oligohydramnios is reported to occur in 1 to 5% of total pregnancies. It has been associated with adverse maternal and foetal outcomes.Methods: This hospital-based follow-up study was conducted among 540 pregnant women at 37 weeks attending to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology for a period of 1 year from January to December 2018. All included pregnant women were subjected to routine ultrasound examination and assessment of amniotic fluid volume using Amniotic fluid index.Results: The incidence of oligohydramnios was 17.04% (n=92) among the included women and 62% (n=57) among them were primigravida. Among those women diagnosed with Oligohydramnios, the caesarean section rate was 56.5% (n=52), the common indications for LSCS being fetal distress 44. 2% (n=23) and IUGR 34.6% (n=18). The oligohydramnios pregnancies had more associated post-dated deliveries (28.3%), pregnancy induced hypertension (10.9%) and gestational diabetes (8.7%). It was also associated with higher incidence of low birth weight (27.2%), NICU admissions (32.6%), congenital anomalies (3.3%) and fetal deaths (5.4%).Conclusions: The study showed that an amniotic fluid index of less than 5 at term was associated with adverse maternal and perinatal pregnancy outcomes emphasizing the importance of amniotic fluid volume surveillance during the antenatal period.

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