scholarly journals Induced Dipoles and Possible Modulation of Wireless Effects in Implanted Electrodes. Effects of Implanting Insulated Electrodes on an Animal Test to Screen Antidepressant Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 4003
Author(s):  
Laura Perez-Caballero ◽  
Hector Carceller ◽  
Juan Nacher ◽  
Vicent Teruel-Marti ◽  
Eulalia Pujades ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Neural System ◽  
External Stimulation ◽  
Implanted Electrodes ◽  
Conducting Materials ◽  
Electric Dipoles ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Modified Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Electrode Insertion ◽  
Induced Dipoles

There is evidence that Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) produces health benefits in patients even before initiating stimulation. Furthermore, DBS electrode insertion in rat infralimbic cortex (ILC) provokes antidepressant-like effects before stimulation, due to local inflammation and astrogliosis. Consequently, a significant effect of implanting electrodes is suspected. External fields, similar in magnitude to the brain’s endogenous fields, induce electric dipoles in conducting materials, in turn influencing neural cell growth through wireless effects. To elucidate if such dipoles influence depressive-like behavior, without external stimulation, the comparative effect of conducting and insulated electrodes along with the glial response is studied in unstressed rats. Naïve and implanted rats with electrically insulated or uninsulated steel electrodes were evaluated in the modified forced swimming test and expression of ILC-glial markers was assessed. An antidepressant-like effect was observed with conducting but not with insulated electrodes. Gliosis was detected in both groups, but astroglial reactivity was larger near uninsulated electrodes. Thus, induced dipoles and antidepressant-like effects were only observed with conducting implants. Such correlation suggests that dipoles induced in electrodes by endogenous fields in turn induce neuron stimulation in a feedback loop between electrodes and neural system. Further research of the effects of unwired conducting implants could open new approaches to regulating neuronal function, and possibly treat neurological disorders.

scholarly journals ANTI-DEPRESSANT EFFECT OF CEFTRIAXONE IN FORCED SWIMMING TEST AND IN TAIL SUSPENSION TEST IN MICE

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajoy Borah ◽  
Binita Singha ◽  
Swopna Phukan
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Forced Swimming ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Suspension Test

Objective: Depression is a major psychiatric disorder affecting nearly 350 million people worldwide and imposes a substantial health burden on the society. Ceftriaxone has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in animals. It has also undergone trials as a treatment option for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This study was therefore undertaken to evaluate the antidepressant-like effect of ceftriaxone in mice.Methods: Ceftriaxone was administered at three different doses (0.130, 0.195 and 0.260g/kg) to Swiss albino mice of either sex by intra peritoneal (i. p.) route. The period of immobility in control and drug-treated mice were recorded in forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). The antidepressant effect of ceftriaxone indicated by the decrease in duration of immobility was compared to that of fluoxetine (0.020 g/kg, i. p.).Results: Ceftriaxone decreased the duration of immobility in mice. It showed a significant dose-dependent antidepressant effect. The antidepressant effect of 0.260g/kg of ceftriaxone was comparable to that of fluoxetine in the TST but not in the FST.Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate antidepressant activity of Ceftriaxone. The study shows that ceftriaxone has additional action on the central nervous system other than neuroprotection. Ceftriaxone therapy in cases of encephalomeningitis and in various cases of hemorrhages in the brain can, therefore, prevent the development of depression in future

scholarly journals A Deep Brain Stimulation Trial Period for Treating Chronic Pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3155
Author(s):  
Prasad Shirvalkar ◽  
Kristin K. Sellers ◽  
Ashlyn Schmitgen ◽  
Jordan Prosky ◽  
Isabella Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
External Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Trial ◽  
Implanted Electrodes ◽  
Brain Target ◽  
Deep Brain

Early studies of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for various neurological disorders involved a temporary trial period where implanted electrodes were externalized, in which the electrical contacts exiting the patient’s brain are connected to external stimulation equipment, so that stimulation efficacy could be determined before permanent implant. As the optimal brain target sites for various diseases (i.e., Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor) became better established, such trial periods have fallen out of favor. However, deep brain stimulation trial periods are experiencing a modern resurgence for at least two reasons: (1) studies of newer indications such as depression or chronic pain aim to identify new targets and (2) a growing interest in adaptive DBS tools necessitates neurophysiological recordings, which are often done in the peri-surgical period. In this review, we consider the possible approaches, benefits, and risks of such inpatient trial periods with a specific focus on developing new DBS therapies for chronic pain.

scholarly journals Antidepressant-Like Activity of the Ethanolic Extract fromUncaria lanosaWallich var.appendiculataRidsd in the Forced Swimming Test and in the Tail Suspension Test in Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieh-Ching Hsu ◽  
Yu-Jen Ko ◽  
Hao-Yuan Cheng ◽  
Ching-Wen Chang ◽  
Yu-Chin Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Mice Brain ◽  
Suspension Test

This study investigated the antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract ofU. lanosaWallich var.appendiculataRidsd (ULEtOH) for two-weeks administrations by using FST and TST on mice. In order to understand the probable mechanism of antidepressant-like activity of ULEtOHin FST and TST, the researchers measured the levels of monoamines and monoamine oxidase activities in mice brain, and combined the antidepressant drugs (fluoxetine, imipramine, maprotiline, clorgyline, bupropion and ketanserin). Lastly, the researchers analyzed the content of RHY in the ULEtOH. The results showed that ULEtOHexhibited antidepressant-like activity in FST and TST in mice. ULEtOHincreased the levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and hypothalamus, the levels of NE and MHPG in cortex and hippocampus, the level of NE in striatum, and the level of DOPAC in striatum. Two-week injection of IMI, CLO, FLU and KET enhanced the antidepressant-like activity of ULEtOH. ULEtOHinhibited the activity of MAO-A. The amount of RHY in ULEtOHwas 17.12 mg/g extract. Our findings support the view that ULEtOHexerts antidepressant-like activity. The antidepressant-like mechanism of ULEtOHmay be related to the increase in monoamines levels in the hippocampus, cortex, striatum, and hypothalamus of mice.

PERIODIC RESPONSE TO EXTERNAL STIMULATION OF A CHAOTIC NEURAL NETWORK WITH DELAYED FEEDBACK

1999 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 713-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALBAN PUI MAN TSUI ◽  
ANTONIA J. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Chaos Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Original System ◽  
Neural System ◽  
Delayed Feedback ◽  
Input Stimulus ◽  
Biologically Inspired ◽  
External Stimulation ◽  
Different Types

We construct a feedforward neural network so that when the outputs are fed back into the inputs and the system is iterated it behaves chaotically. We call this the "rest state". Suppose now that an input stimulus is added to one or more inputs. Following a biologically inspired model suggested by Freeman [1991], under these conditions we should want the behavior of the network to stabilize into an unstable periodic orbit of the original system. We call this the "retrieval behavior" since it is analogous to the act of recognition. Standard methods of chaos control, such as OGY for example, used to elicit the retrieval behavior would be inappropriate, since such methods involve calculations external to the system being controlled and can be considered unlikely in a biological neural network. Using a chaos control method originally suggested by Pyragas [1992] we show that retrieval behavior can occur as a result of delayed feedback and examine the variety of the responses that arise under different types of stimuli and under noise. This artificial neural system has a strong dynamical parallel to Freeman's observed biological phenomenon.

scholarly journals Screening for antidepressant, sedative and analgesic activities of novel fused thiophene derivatives

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wagnat Wardakhan ◽  
Omar Abdel-Salam ◽  
Gamal Elmegeed
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Thiourea Derivatives ◽  
Chemical Reagents ◽  
Analgesic Agents ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Thiophene Derivatives ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Analgesic Activities

Screening for antidepressant, sedative and analgesic activities of novel fused thiophene derivativesThis study was aimed at the synthesis of fused benzothiophene derivatives containing heterocyclic moiety. The reaction of the tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene derivatives1a,bwith ethoxycarbonylisothiocyanate afforded the thiourea derivatives2a,b.Cyclization of the latter products gave the annulated benzo[b]thienopyrimidine derivatives3a,b.Compounds2a,band3aunderwent a series of heterocyclization reactions through the reaction with some chemical reagents to give the new benzo[b]thienopyrimidine derivatives5a,bto8a-c.Also, this work was extended to study the potential role of the novel synthesized thiourea derivative2aand benzo[b]thienopyrimidine derivatives3a, 5b, 6aand8bas antidepressant, sedative or analgesic agents at two doses (15 or 30 mg kg-1body mass). Some compounds (2a, 3aand5b) showed mild antidepressant activity in the forced-swimming test. No compound showed sedative effect. Visceral pain evoked byi.p.injection of acetic acid in mice was significantly inhibited by all compounds at a high doses.

scholarly journals Antidepressant Effect of Dimeric Dipeptide GSB-106, an Original Low-Molecular-Weight Mimetic of BDNF

Acta Naturae ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Seredenin ◽  
T. A. Voronina ◽  
T. A. Gudasheva ◽  
T. L. Garibova ◽  
G. M. Molodavkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Water Wheel ◽  
Outbred Mice ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
The Brain

A large amount of clinical and experimental data suggest the involvement of neurotrophins, in particular the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in depression pathogenesis. However, the therapeutic use of BDNF is limited because of its instability in biological fluids, poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and the presence of side effects. A low-molecular-weight mimetic GSB-106, which is a substituted dimeric dipeptide bis(N-monosuccinyl-L-seryl-L-lysine)hexamethylenediamide, was designed and synthesized based on the BDNF fourth loop structure at the V.V. Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology (RAMS). GSB-106 was found to exhibit an antidepressant activity in various models of depressive-like state when administered intraperitoneally to outbred mice and rats. An effect for the substance, when administered daily for 4-5 days, was detected in the Porsolt forced swimming test (0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg) and in the tail suspension test in mice (1.0 and 1.5 mg/ kg). An effect for GSB-106 at doses of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg was observed after a single application in experiments on rats in the Nomura water wheel test. The obtained evidence supports the hypothesis on the involvement of BDNF in the pathogenesis of various depression conditions, thus opening prospects for searching for new original antidepressants.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antidepressant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Abies webbiana and Berberis aristata in Laboratory Animals

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sucheta Gautam ◽  
Neetu Sachan ◽  
Alankar Shrivastav ◽  
Dilipkumar Pal
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Swimming Test

Abstract Objective: Abies webbiana and Berberis aristata is an herbal plant that has several therapeutic effects. It also heals depression, grief, nervous stress and tension. In the present study we evaluated anti-depressant effect of ethanolic extract from Abies webbiana and Berberis aristata by using Forced Swimming Test (FST) and Tail Suspension Test (TST). Methods: Two doses of ethanolic extract of Abies webbiana and berberis aristata (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) was given orally. Immobility time were measured after 30 min after the dosing and compared with control group and Flouxetine (25mg/kg) as a standard group. Results: The ethanolic extract of BA and AW (400 mg/kg) was found to be effective and it exhibited activity similar to that of the conventional drug Flouxetine (25mg/kg) (p<0.001) whereas 200 mg/kg dose showed higher activity with significantly increased swimming time and suspension time and decreased immobility time than 400 mg/kg of ethanolic extracts and Flouxetine (25mg/kg). Conclusion: These results proposed 400 mg/kg of ethanolic extract was showed higher anti-depressant activity as compared to control which is similar to the standard.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the comparison of anti-depressant effects of oral fluoxetine and riluzole in albino rats by using the forced swimming test model

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
Hansraj Kumar ◽  
Akash Chandra ◽  
Uma Shankar Prasad Keshri ◽  
Rajiv Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Forced Swimming ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Swimming Test

Background: Depression is a group of disorders results from a combination of multiple etiologic factors- genetic, biochemical, psychodynamic and socio-environmental. A depression consists of following clinical features as sadness, apathy, changes in sleep pattern, impaired concentration, feeling of shame or guilt and thoughts of dying or death. Fluoxetine and riluzole both are used for the treatment of depression in human being. Fluoxetine is SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) and riluzole is anxiolytic and mood stabilizer.Methods: Healthy male albino rats weighing between 150-200 grams were taken for the present study. Study animals were divided into three groups randomly with each group consisting of ten animals. Drugs were powdered with help of mortar and pestle and mixed in gum acacia solution. Appropriate volume of the freshly prepared solution was administered orally daily between 9 am to 10 am to all animal as per their individual body weight. Group A administered 1ml of 0.9% normal saline orally and serves as control group. Group B administered 0.4 mg of fluoxetine orally. Group C administered 2 mg of riluzole orally. Animals were evaluated for antidepressant activity using model- forced swimming test.Results: The results in the forced swimming test were assessed by duration of immobility in last 4 minutes of total 6 minute test duration. Antidepressant activity is indicated by the reduction in the duration of immobility i.e. lesser the duration more the efficacy. The results have been expressed as mean±standard deviation of duration of immobility in seconds during 6 minute period.Conclusions: There was significant difference in antidepressant activity of fluoxetine with antidepressant activity of riluzole. Riluzole showed antidepressant activity after two weeks of starting the drugs.

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