Putative Biomarkers for Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Exhaled Breath Condensate

Current diagnostic markers for pulmonary embolism (PE) are unspecific. We investigated the proteome of the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in a porcine model of acute PE in order to identify putative diagnostic markers for PE. EBC was collected at baseline and after the induction of autologous intermediate-risk PE in 14 pigs, plus four negative control pigs. The protein profiles of the EBC were analyzed using label-free quantitative nano liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 897 proteins were identified in the EBCs from the pigs. Alterations were found in the levels of 145 different proteins after PE compared with the baseline and negative controls: albumin was among the most upregulated proteins, with 14-fold higher levels 2.5 h after PE (p-value: 0.02). The levels of 49 other proteins were between 1.3- and 17.1-fold higher after PE. The levels of 95 proteins were lower after PE. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (fold change 0.3, p-value < 0.01) was among the most reduced proteins 2.5 h after PE. A prediction model based on penalized regression identified five proteins including albumin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. The model was capable of discriminating baseline samples from EBC samples collected 2.5 h after PE correctly in 22 out of 27 samples. In conclusion, the EBC from pigs with acute PE contained several putative diagnostic markers of PE.

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Investigating the relationship between particulate matter and inflammatory biomarkers of exhaled breath condensate and blood in healthy young adults

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-92333-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Morteza Seifi ◽

Noushin Rastkari ◽

Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand ◽

Kazem Naddafi ◽

Ramin Nabizadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Interleukin 6 ◽

Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽

Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽

P Value ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Exhaled Air ◽

The Relationship ◽

Breath Condensate

AbstractInflammatory biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) are measured to estimate the effects of air pollution on humans. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between particulate matter and inflammatory biomarkers in blood plasma and exhaled air in young adults. The obtained results were compared in two periods; i.e., winter and summer. GRIMM Dust Monitors were used to measure PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 in indoor and outdoor air. A total of 40 healthy young adults exhaling air condensate were collected. Then, biomarkers of interleukin-6 (IL-6), Nitrosothiols (RS-NOs), and Tumor necrosis factor-soluble receptor-II (sTNFRII) were measured by 96 wells method ELISA and commercial kits (HS600B R&D Kit and ALX-850–037-KI01) in EBC while interleukin-6 (IL-6), sTNFRII and White Blood Cell (WBC) were measured in blood plasma in two periods of February 2013 (winter) and May 2013 (summer). Significant association was found between particulate matter and the white blood cell count (p < 0.001), as well as plasma sTNFRII levels (p-value = 0.001). No significant relationship was found between particulate matter with RS-NOs (p = 0.128), EBC RSNOs (p-value = 0.128), and plasma IL-6 (p-value = 0.167). In addition, there was no significant relationship between interleukin-6 of exhaled air with interleukin-6 of plasma (p-value < 0.792 in the first period and < 0.890 in the second period). sTNFRII was not detected in EBC. Considering the direct effect between increasing some biomarkers in blood and EBC and particulate matter, it is concluded that air pollution causes this increasing.

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Exhaled breath condensate in acute pulmonary embolism; a porcine study of effect of condensing temperature and feasibility of protein analysis by mass spectrometry

Journal of Breath Research ◽

10.1088/1752-7163/abd3f2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Inger Lise Gade ◽

Jacob Gammelgaard Schultz ◽

Lasse Jørgensen Cehofski ◽

Benedict Kjaergaard ◽

Marianne Tang Severinsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Pulmonary Embolism ◽

Acute Pulmonary Embolism ◽

Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽

Protein Analysis ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Breath Condensate

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Non-invasive Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism by Use of Biomarkers in Exhaled Breath Condensate

Case Medical Research ◽

10.31525/ct1-nct04010760 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Embolism ◽

Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Breath Condensate

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Preliminary Analysis of the Proteome of Exhaled Breath Condensate in Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)

Aquatic Mammals ◽

10.1578/am.44.3.2018.256 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 256-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Don R. Bergfelt ◽

John Lippolis ◽

Michel Vandenplas ◽

Sydney Davis ◽

Blake A. Miller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preliminary Analysis ◽

Tursiops Truncatus ◽

Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽

Bottlenose Dolphins ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Breath Condensate

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Methodological Issues and Possible Clinical Implications for Exhaled Breath Condensate pH in Asthma

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1568026616666150930120421 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (14) ◽

pp. 1550-1560 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Andras Bikov ◽

Ildiko Horvath

Keyword(s):

Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽

Clinical Implications ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Methodological Issues ◽

Breath Condensate

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Simultaneous and Sensitive Determination of Amphetamine, Codeine and Morphine in Exhaled Breath Condensate, Using Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled with On-line and Off-line Enhancing Methods

Current Pharmaceutical Analysis ◽

10.2174/1573412915666190219143049 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 872-879

Author(s):

Samin Hamidi

Keyword(s):

Drugs Of Abuse ◽

Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽

Direct Injection ◽

Forensic Toxicology ◽

Analytical Signal ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Concentration Method ◽

Validation Parameters ◽

Breath Condensate

Background: Abuse of drugs is associated with several medical, forensic, toxicology and social challenges. “Drugs of abuse” testing is therefore an important issue. Objective: We propose a simple CE-based method for the quantification of amphetamine, codeine and morphine after direct injection of Exhaled Breath Condensate (EBC) by the aid of simple stacking mode and an off-line pre-concentration method. Methods: Using graphene oxide adsorbents, amphetamine, codeine and morphine were extracted from EBC in order to eliminate the proteins and other interferences. In addition to off-line method, an online stacking mode was applied to improve the analytical signal obtained from the instrument. Results: The validation parameters were experimented on the developed method based on the FDA guideline over concentration ranges of 12.5-100, 30-500 and 10-1250 ng/mL associated with amphetamine, codeine and morphine, respectively. Small volumes (around 100 μL) of EBC were collected using a lab-made setup and successfully analyzed using the proposed method where precisions and accuracies (within day and between days) were in accordance with the guideline (recommended less than 15 % for biological samples). The recovery tests were used to evaluate the matrix effect and data (94 to 105 %) showed that the proposed method can be applied in different EBC matrix samplings of subjects. Conclusion: The proposed method is superior for simultaneous determination of amphetamine, codeine and morphine over chromatographic analyses because it is fast and consumes fewer chemicals, with no derivatization step.

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Microextraction and Chromatographic Analysis of Budesonide Epimers in Exhaled Breath Condensate

Current Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1573411015666191203104522 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 1032-1040

Author(s):

Laleh Samini ◽

Maryam Khoubnasabjafari ◽

Mohamad M. Alimorad ◽

Vahid Jouyban-Gharamaleki ◽

Hak-Kim Chan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Fluids ◽

Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽

Low Cost ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Chromatography Method ◽

Extraction Solvent ◽

Drug Concentrations ◽

Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction ◽

Breath Condensate

Background: Analysis of drug concentrations in biological fluids is required in clinical sciences for various purposes. Among other biological samples, exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a potential sample for follow up of drug concentrations. Methods: A dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) procedure followed by a validated liquid chromatography method was employed for the determination of budesonide (BDS) in EBC samples collected using a homemade setup. EBC is a non-invasive biological sample with possible applications for monitoring drug concentrations. The proposed analytical method is validated according to the FDA guidelines using EBC-spiked samples. Its applicability is tested on EBC samples collected from healthy volunteers receiving a single puff of BDS. Results: The best DLLME conditions involved the use of methanol (1 mL) as a disperser solvent, chloroform (200 μL) as an extraction solvent, and centrifugation rate of 3500 rpm for 5 minutes. The method was validated over a concentration range of 21-210 μg·L-1 in EBC. Inter- and intra-day precisions were less than 10% where the acceptable levels are less than 20%. The validated method was successfully applied for the determination of BDS in EBC samples. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that the developed method can be used for the extraction and quantification of BDS in EBC samples using a low cost method.

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Determination of Verapamil in Exhaled Breath Condensate by Using Microextraction and Liquid Chromatography

Current Pharmaceutical Analysis ◽

10.2174/1573412914666180717125434 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 535-541 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fariba Pourkarim ◽

Ali Shayanfar ◽

Maryam Khoubnasabjafari ◽

Fariborz Akbarzadeh ◽

Sanaz Sajedi-Amin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

High Performance ◽

Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Good Precision ◽

Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction ◽

Breath Condensate ◽

Liquid Microextraction

Background:Developing a simple analysis method for quantification of drug concentration is one of the essential issues in pharmacokinetic and therapeutic drug monitoring studies.Objective:A fast and reliable dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure was employed for preconcentration of verapamil in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples and this was followed by the determination with high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection.Methods:A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) combined with a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method (DLLME) was applied for quantification of verapamil in the EBC samples. The developed method was validated according to FDA guidelines.Results:Under the optimum conditions, the method provided a linear range between 0.07 and 0.8 µg.mL-1 with a coefficient of determination of 0.998. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviation and relative error values of the method were below 15%, which indicated good precision and accuracy. The proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of verapamil in two real samples with concentrations of 0.07 and 0.09 µg.mL-1.Conclusion:The established HPLC-UV-DLLME method could be applied for the analysis of verapamil in human EBC samples.

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