scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Presence and Severity of Alcohol Hangover Symptoms

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 867 ◽  
Author(s):  
van Lawick van Pabst ◽  
Devenney ◽  
Verster
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Small Magnitude ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Alcohol Hangover ◽  
Peak Blood ◽  
Drinking Occasion

Studies have demonstrated significant sex differences in alcohol intoxication effects. In contrast, the majority of studies on the alcohol hangover phase did not investigate sex differences. Therefore, the current study examined possible sex differences in the presence and severity of alcohol hangover symptoms. Data from n = 2446 Dutch students (male = 50.7%, female = 49.3%) were analyzed. They reported the presence and severity of 22 hangover symptoms experienced after their past month heaviest drinking occasion. Subjects were categorized according to their estimated peak blood alcohol concentration (eBAC) and presence and severity of the hangover symptoms were compared between men and women. In the lowest eBAC group (0% ≤ eBAC < 0.08%), no significant sex differences were found. In the subsequent eBAC group (0.08% ≤ eBAC < 0.11%), severity of nausea was significantly higher in women than in men. In the third eBAC group (0.11% ≤ eBAC < 0.2%), women reported higher severity scores on nausea, tiredness, weakness, and dizziness than men. Men reported the presence of confusion significantly more often than women, and women reported the presence of shivering significantly more often than men. In the fourth eBAC group (0.2% ≤ eBAC < 0.3%), women reported higher severity scores on nausea and tiredness than men. In the highest eBAC group (0.3% ≤ eBAC < 0.4%), no significant sex differences were found. In conclusion, across the eBAC groups, severity scores of nausea and tiredness were higher in women than in men. However, albeit statistically significant, the observed sex differences in presence and severity of hangover symptoms were of small magnitude, and therefore, have little clinical relevance.

scholarly journals Sensitivity to Experiencing Alcohol Hangovers: Reconsideration of the 0.11% Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) Threshold for Having a Hangover

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris C. Verster ◽  
L. Darren Kruisselbrink ◽  
Karin A. Slot ◽  
Aikaterini Anogeianaki ◽  
Sally Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Higher Alcohol ◽  
Lower Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Hangover ◽  
Drinking Occasion

The 2010 Alcohol Hangover Research Group consensus paper defined a cutoff blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.11% as a toxicological threshold indicating that sufficient alcohol had been consumed to develop a hangover. The cutoff was based on previous research and applied mostly in studies comprising student samples. Previously, we showed that sensitivity to hangovers depends on (estimated) BAC during acute intoxication, with a greater percentage of drinkers reporting hangovers at higher BAC levels. However, a substantial number of participants also reported hangovers at comparatively lower BAC levels. This calls the suitability of the 0.11% threshold into question. Recent research has shown that subjective intoxication, i.e., the level of severity of reported drunkenness, and not BAC, is the most important determinant of hangover severity. Non-student samples often have a much lower alcohol intake compared to student samples, and overall BACs often remain below 0.11%. Despite these lower BACs, many non-student participants report having a hangover, especially when their subjective intoxication levels are high. This may be the case when alcohol consumption on the drinking occasion that results in a hangover significantly exceeds their “normal” drinking level, irrespective of whether they meet the 0.11% threshold in any of these conditions. Whereas consumers may have relative tolerance to the adverse effects at their “regular” drinking level, considerably higher alcohol intake—irrespective of the absolute amount—may consequentially result in a next-day hangover. Taken together, these findings suggest that the 0.11% threshold value as a criterion for having a hangover should be abandoned.

scholarly journals Perceived Immune Fitness, Individual Strength and Hangover Severity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4039
Author(s):  
Aurora J. A. E. van de Loo ◽  
Nikki Kerssemakers ◽  
Andrew Scholey ◽  
Johan Garssen ◽  
Aletta D. Kraneveld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Status ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Checklist Individual Strength ◽  
Alcohol Hangover ◽  
Drinking Occasion

Various factors may contribute to alcohol hangover severity. The purpose of the current investigation was to evaluate the possible impact of alcohol consumption patterns, perceived immune status, and baseline fatigue on hangover severity. A survey was completed by a convenience sample of N = 199 Dutch students who reported on their latest past month’s heavy drinking occasion, including subjective intoxication (perceived drunkenness) and next-day hangover severity, which were rated on single-item scales ranging from 0 (absent) to 10 (extreme). In addition, perceived (momentary) immune fitness was assessed, and the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS) was completed to assess baseline fatigue. The analysis revealed that instead of the amount of alcohol consumed or estimated blood alcohol concentration, it appeared that subjective intoxication (i.e., level of drunkenness) was the most important determinant of alcohol hangover severity. Especially in men, albeit modest, it was perceived that immune fitness also significantly contributed to the level of hangover severity experienced.

Higher Blood Alcohol Concentration is Related to Less Severe Injury Amongst Intoxicated Trauma Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikathan Kumar ◽  
Kartik Prabhakaran ◽  
Matthew K. McIntyre ◽  
David J. Samson ◽  
Rifat Latifi
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Ingestion ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Level 1

Abstract Background Previous studies show varied results regarding the protective effects of alcohol intoxication upon injury and mortality in the setting of trauma. Our study aimed to determine the effects of blood alcohol content (BAC) amongst trauma patients with alcohol ingestion, upon injury type and severity, as well as outcomes. Methods This 4-year retrospective study (2013–2017) used an institutional trauma database to capture all Level 1 and 2 trauma patients (≥14 years old) with BAC > 10 mg/dL presenting to the emergency department at a Level 1 trauma center. Demographic variables including mechanism of injury (MOI) were collected. Patients’ BAC was compared to their calculated injury severity scores (ISS) and abbreviated injury scale (AIS) scores. Analysis included linear regression, T-tests and ANOVAs with Tukey’s post-hoc analysis for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact test for binary variables. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors of injury severity. Results 332 intoxicated patients were identified (mean BAC: 210.2±87.14 mg/dL, range 12.7–460.0; 74.1% male; median age 35; range: 16–90). The median ISS was 6 (range: 1–48). Patients in motor vehicle collisions had lower BACs (186.0±5.59 mg/dL) than those who fell (233.8±10.42 mg/dL, p = 0.0002), were assaulted (230.4±14.04 mg/dL, p = 0.0261), or were pedestrians struck (259.4±14.17 mg/dL, p = 0.004). Overall, patients with higher BAC had lower GCS, lower ISS, and shorter intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, but no differences in hospital stay, or ventilator days. Conclusions Trauma patients with higher BAC have lower ISS, less severe chest injury, and shorter ICU stays. These findings suggest that higher levels of alcohol ingestion may portend a protective effect in the setting of trauma with respect to severity of injury that does not mitigate the importance of education and injury prevention but warrants further study into the physiology of alcohol and trauma.

Auto-brewery syndrome: Ethanol pseudo-toxicity in diabetic and hepatic patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
EM Hafez ◽  
MA Hamad ◽  
M Fouad ◽  
A Abdel-Lateff
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Headspace Gas

Endogenous alcohol has been applied for spontaneous ethanol production via different metabolic pathways of the human body. Auto-brewery syndrome describes the patients with alcohol intoxication after ingesting carbohydrate-rich meals. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM), liver cirrhosis (LC) and presence of both (DM and LC) on blood alcohol concentration (BAC) especially after carbohydrate ingestion. BAC has been measured by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in three groups of humans namely control, DM, LC and both (DM and LC) groups. The results showed that BAC in control group was 0.01–.3 mg/dL with mean 0.3 ± 0.41 mg/dL. In patients with DM, BAC is significantly higher than that of control group 4.85 ± 3.96 mg/dL. In patients with LC, BAC was 3.45 ± 2.65 mg/dL. In patients with both DM and LC, BAC increases to reach 10.88 ± 5.36 mg/dL. Endogenous ethanol production appears to increase in DM and LC. Also, it increased much more in patients with both diseases, but it did not reach toxic levels. On comparing BAC and blood glucose level in each group, all groups show insignificant correlations ( p > 0.05).

scholarly journals Prevalence of Hangover Resistance According to Two Methods for Calculating Estimated Blood Alcohol Concentration (eBAC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Terpstra ◽  
Andrew Scholey ◽  
Joris C. Verster ◽  
Sarah Benson
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Alcohol Hangover ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Answering Questions

Hangover resistance may be linked to an increased risk of continuing harmful drinking behaviours as well as involvement in potentially dangerous daily activities such as driving while hungover, mainly due to the absence of negative consequences (i.e., hangover symptoms) the day after alcohol consumption. The aim of this study was to examine the occurrence of claimed alcohol hangover resistance relative to estimated blood alcohol concentration (eBAC). A total of 1198 participants completed an online survey by answering questions regarding their demographics, alcohol consumption and occurrence of hangover. Two methods were used to calculate eBAC, one based on the modified Widmark Equation (N = 955) and the other from an equation averaging the total body water (TBW) estimates of Forrest, Watson, Seidl, Widmark and Ulrich (males only) (N = 942). The percentage of participants who claimed to be hangover resistant decreased rapidly with increasing eBAC and only a small number of hangover resistant drinkers remained at higher eBACs. Comparisons of the eBACs calculated by the two methods revealed significantly higher BACs when using the modified Widmark equation. These findings suggest that additional research for eBAC calculations is needed to improve accuracy and comprehensiveness of these equations for future alcohol hangover research.

Extreme Blood Alcohol Level is Associated with Increased Resource use in Trauma Patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alissa Swearingen ◽  
Vafa Ghaemmaghami ◽  
Terrence Loftus ◽  
Christopher J. Swearingen ◽  
Helen Salisbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Severity Scores

This study aims to examine resource utilization and outcomes of trauma patients with extremely high blood alcohol concentrations. We hypothesized that higher blood alcohol concentration (BAC) predicts greater resource utilization and poorer outcomes. A retrospective analysis was performed on trauma patients admitted to an urban Level I trauma center over a 5-year period. Admission BAC categories were constructed using standard laboratory norms and legal definitions. Demographic data, premorbid conditions, injury severity scores (ISS), resource utilization (intensive care unit (ICU) admission rates/length of stay, total hospital days, use of consultants), and mortality were analyzed. Positive BAC on admission was associated with increased ISS ( P < 0.001), length of stay ( P < 0.003), and total ICU days ( P < 0.001). Increased BAC admission level of patients was associated with a decreased ISS score ( P = 0.0073), a higher probability of ICU admission ( P = 0.0013), and an increased percentage of ICU days ( P = 0.001). A positive BAC at admission was a significant predictor of both ICU admission and mortality (odds ratios 1.72 and 1.27, respectively). This study demonstrates that a positive BAC is associated with increased ISS, increased resource utilization, and worsened outcomes. Extreme levels of BAC are associated with increased resource utilization despite lower injury severity scores.

scholarly journals The Alcohol Hangover Research Group: Ten Years of Progress in Research on the Causes, Consequences, and Treatment of the Alcohol Hangover

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3670
Author(s):  
Joris C. Verster ◽  
Lizanne Arnoldy ◽  
Sarah Benson ◽  
Andrew Scholey ◽  
Ann-Kathrin Stock
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Single Episode ◽  
10Th Anniversary ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Alcohol Hangover

The alcohol hangover is defined as the combination of negative mental and physical symptoms, which can be experienced after a single episode of alcohol consumption, starting when blood alcohol concentration (BAC) approaches zero. Here, we present the book “The alcohol hangover: causes, consequences, and treatment”, written to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the Alcohol Hangover Research Group (AHRG), summarizing recent advances in the field of alcohol hangover research.

Illegal substance use among 1,309 music festival attendees: An investigation using oral fluid sample drug tests, breathalysers and questionnaires

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linn Gjersing ◽  
Anne Line Bretteville-Jensen ◽  
Håvard Furuhaugen ◽  
Hallvard Gjerde
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Dance Music ◽  
Electronic Dance Music ◽  
Music Festivals ◽  
Concentration Levels

Aims: Illegal substance use at music festivals is less documented than it is in nightlife and electronic dance music settings. This study investigated such use through questionnaires, breathalysers and oral fluid drug testing. We also examined the associations between testing positive for illegal substances and demographics, self-reported substance use and measured blood alcohol concentration levels. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1,309 festival attendees from six Norwegian music festivals taking place between July and August 2016. Logistic regression models estimated the likelihood of a positive oral fluid drug test. Covariates were male, age, education, employment, smoking status, early age for alcohol intoxication, alcohol intoxication ⩾2 times a week, past-month and past-year illegal substance use, blood alcohol concentration levels and festivals. Results: Overall, 12% reported illegal substance use in the past 30 days and 11% tested positive for illegal substances. Cannabis (6%), cocaine (3%) and MDMA/ecstasy (2%) were most commonly detected. One-third had a blood alcohol concentration ⩾0.10%. Of those with a positive test result ( n=146), 95% had detectable alcohol levels and 41% had a blood alcohol concentration above 0.10%. Those studying or working part-time were less likely to test positive compared to those who were not employed. Furthermore, those reporting daily smoking and past-year cannabis or MDMA/ecstasy use were more likely to test positive, compared to those not reporting such use. Conclusions: Illegal substance use was less prevalent than in previous nightlife and electronic dance music studies. Almost all those testing positive for illegal substances had detectable alcohol levels and 41% had a blood alcohol concentration greater than 0.10%, possibly indicating combined use.

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