scholarly journals MSC Based Therapies—New Perspectives for the Injured Lung

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Behnke ◽  
Sarah Kremer ◽  
Tayyab Shahzad ◽  
Cho-Ming Chao ◽  
Eva Böttcher-Friebertshäuser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases ◽  
Chronic Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Injured Lung ◽  
Lung Injuries ◽  
Disease Entities

Chronic lung diseases pose a tremendous global burden. At least one in four people suffer from severe pulmonary sequelae over the course of a lifetime. Despite substantial improvements in therapeutic interventions, persistent alleviation of clinical symptoms cannot be offered to most patients affected to date. Despite broad discrepancies in origins and pathomechanisms, the important disease entities all have in common the pulmonary inflammatory response which is central to lung injury and structural abnormalities. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) attract particular attention due to their broadly acting anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties. Plenty of preclinical studies provided congruent and convincing evidence that MSC have the therapeutic potential to alleviate lung injuries across ages. These include the disease entities bronchopulmonary dysplasia, asthma and the different forms of acute lung injury and chronic pulmonary diseases in adulthood. While clinical trials are so far restricted to pioneering trials on safety and feasibility, preclinical results point out possibilities to boost the therapeutic efficacy of MSC application and to take advantage of the MSC secretome. The presented review summarizes the most recent advances and highlights joint mechanisms of MSC action across disease entities which provide the basis to timely tackle this global disease burden.

scholarly journals Long COVID-19 Pulmonary Sequelae and Management Considerations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 838
Author(s):  
Afroditi K. Boutou ◽  
Andreas Asimakos ◽  
Eleni Kortianou ◽  
Ioannis Vogiatzis ◽  
Argyris Tzouvelekis
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Current State ◽  
Pulmonary Manifestations

The human coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) and the associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are responsible for the worst global health crisis of the last century. Similarly, to previous coronaviruses leading to past pandemics, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS), a growing body of evidence support that a substantial minority of patients surviving the acute phase of the disease present with long-term sequelae lasting for up to 6 months following acute infection. The clinical spectrum of these manifestations is widespread across multiple organs and consists of the long-COVID-19 syndrome. The aim of the current review is to summarize the current state of knowledge on the pulmonary manifestations of the long COVID-19 syndrome including clinical symptoms, parenchymal, and functional abnormalities, as well as highlight epidemiology, risk factors, and follow-up strategies for early identification and timely therapeutic interventions. The literature data on management considerations including the role of corticosteroids and antifibrotic treatment, as well as the therapeutic potential of a structured and personalized pulmonary rehabilitation program are detailed and discussed.

scholarly journals The anti-inflammatory feature of glucagon-like peptide-1 and its based diabetes drugs -- Therapeutic potential exploration in lung injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pang ◽  
Jia Nuo Feng ◽  
Wenhua Ling ◽  
Tianru Jin
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Lung Injuries ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Since 2005, GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists (GLP-1RAs) have been developed as therapeutic agents for Type 2 diabetes. GLP-1R is not only expressed in pancreatic islets but also in other organs, especially the lung. Extra-pancreatic expression of GLP-1R triggered intensive investigations on extra-pancreatic functions of GLP-1RAs, aiming to repurpose them into therapeutic agents for other disorders. Intensive studies have demonstrated promising anti-inflammatory features of GLP-1RAs. Whether those features are directly mediated by GLP-1R expressed in majority of immune cells remains controversial. Following a brief review on GLP-1 as incretin and the development of GLP-1RAs as therapeutic agents, we summarized our current understanding on anti-inflammatory features of GLP-1RAs. The main part of this review is literature discussions on GLP-1RA utilization in chronic and acute lung injuries, including studies on combined use of MSC-based therapy and the GLP-1RA liraglutide in LPS-induced acute lung injury. This is followed by a summary and perspective.

scholarly journals Tractotomy using the Penrose drain guide for deep lung injury caused by chest drainage: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironori Oyamatsu ◽  
Hideki Tsubouchi ◽  
Kunio Narita
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Chest Tube ◽  
Drain Tube ◽  
Chest Drainage ◽  
Respiratory Condition ◽  
Penrose Drain ◽  
Multiple Rib Fractures ◽  
Lung Injuries ◽  
The Right ◽  
Damaged Vessel

Abstract Background Pulmonary tractotomy effectively treats deep pulmonary penetrating injuries; however, it requires the accurate insertion of forceps or a stapler into the wound tract. This report describes a case of tractotomy using the Penrose drain guide for a deep lung injury caused by chest drainage. Case presentation A 75-year-old man suffered multiple rib fractures and hemothorax. After admission, chest tube drainage was performed because the patient’s respiratory condition deteriorated due to increased right pleural effusion. However, as the chest tube was stabbing into the right upper lobe, a pulmonary tractotomy was performed to treat the injury. Cutting the visceral pleura just over the tip of the chest tube caused the tube to completely penetrate the lung. A Penrose drain tube was fixed to the chest tube, which was then removed. The Penrose drain tube completely penetrated the lung and was coupled to the anvil side of the stapler to guide it smoothly into the wound tract. After stapling left the wound tract open, selective suture ligation of the damaged vessel and bronchioles was performed. Conclusions Although the indications for tractotomy using the Penrose drain guide are limited, we believe that this technique can be useful in patients with deep stabbing or penetrating lung injuries with rod- or tube-shaped foreign body remnants.

scholarly journals Simulated aeromedical evacuation exacerbates burn induced lung injury: targeting mitochondrial DNA for reversal

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Jing Xiao ◽  
Xiao-Fang Zou ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Bao-Long Li ◽  
Shi-Jian Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Dnase I ◽  
Treatment Intervention ◽  
Aeromedical Evacuation ◽  
Hypoxia Exposure ◽  
Histopathological Evaluation ◽  
Lung Injuries ◽  
Mda Content

Abstract Background Aeromedical evacuation of patients with burn trauma is an important transport method in times of peace and war, during which patients are exposed to prolonged periods of hypobaric hypoxia; however, the effects of such exposure on burn injuries, particularly on burn-induced lung injuries, are largely unexplored. This study aimed to determine the effects of hypobaric hypoxia on burn-induced lung injuries and to investigate the underlying mechanism using a rat burn model. Methods A total of 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (10 in each group): sham burn (SB) group, burn in normoxia condition (BN) group, burn in hypoxia condition (BH) group, and burn in hypoxia condition with treatment intervention (BHD) group. Rats with 30% total body surface area burns were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (2000 m altitude simulation) or normoxia conditions for 4 h. Deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) was administered systemically as a treatment intervention. Systemic inflammatory mediator and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) levels were determined. A histopathological evaluation was performed and the acute lung injury (ALI) score was determined. Malonaldehyde (MDA) content, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome level were determined in lung tissues. Data among groups were compared using analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s test post hoc analysis. Results Burns resulted in a remarkably higher level of systemic inflammatory cytokines and mtDNA release, which was further heightened by hypobaric hypoxia exposure (P < 0.01). Moreover, hypobaric hypoxia exposure gave rise to increased NLRP3 inflammasome expression, MDA content, and MPO activity in the lung (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Burn-induced lung injuries were exacerbated, as shown by the histopathological evaluation and ALI score (P < 0.01). Administration of DNase I markedly reduced mtDNA release and systemic inflammatory cytokine production. Furthermore, the NLRP3 inflammasome level in lung tissues was decreased and burn-induced lung injury was ameliorated (P < 0.01). Conclusions Our results suggested that simulated aeromedical evacuation further increased burn-induced mtDNA release and exacerbated burn-induced inflammation and lung injury. DNase I reduced the release of mtDNA, limited mtDNA-induced systemic inflammation, and ameliorated burn-induced ALI. The intervening mtDNA level is thus a potential target to protect from burn-induced lung injury during aeromedical conditions and provides safer air evacuations for severely burned patients.

scholarly journals Freely Available Virtual Reality Experiences as Tools to Support Mental Health Therapy: a Systematic Scoping Review and Consensus Based Interdisciplinary Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Best ◽  
Matilde Meireles ◽  
Franziska Schroeder ◽  
Lorna Montgomery ◽  
Alan Maddock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Health Practitioner ◽  
Case Formulation ◽  
Therapeutic Value

AbstractThe primary purpose of this article is to review the potential therapeutic value of freely available VR content as an addition to the practitioners ‘toolkit’. Research has shown that virtual reality (VR) may be useful to extend existing guided imagery-based practices found in traditional mental health therapy. However, the use of VR technology within routine mental health practice remains low, despite recent reductions in equipment costs. A systematic scoping review and interdisciplinary analysis of freely available VR experiences was performed across two popular online databases (SteamVR and Oculus.com). A total of 1785 experiences were retrieved and screened for relevance with 46 meeting the inclusion criteria. VR content was then reviewed for potential therapeutic value by an interdisciplinary panel with experience across a number of therapeutic interventions including cognitive behavioural therapy, Rogerian counselling, mindfulness-based therapies. and family therapy. Eleven (22%) of the 50 freely available VR experiences were reported to have therapeutic potential as tools to support routine mental health therapy. These included support with the following mental health issues—low mood, social anxiety, stress reduction and fear of heights. Guidance of a qualified mental health practitioner was recommended in all cases to maximise the benefit of the VR experiences retrieved. While the quality is variable, freely available VR experiences may contain valuable content that could support mental health therapy. This includes as a homework activity or as an initial setting for case formulation and behavioural experiments.

scholarly journals Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2: current understanding, challenge and perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-299
Author(s):  
Yang Huang ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
Hai Yu ◽  
Shaowei Li ◽  
Qingbing Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Viral Escape ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Us ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Rapid Emergence

Abstract The rapid emergence of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) as a pandemic that presents an urgent human health crisis. Many SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) were developed with efficient therapeutic potential. NAbs-based therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 are being expedited to preclinical and clinical studies with two antibody drugs, LY3819253 (LY-CoV555) and REGN-COV2 (REGN10933 and REGN10987), approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for emergency use authorization for treating COVID-19. In this review, we provide a systemic overview of SARS-CoV-2 specific or cross-reactive NAbs and discuss their structures, functions and neutralization mechanisms. We provide insight into how these NAbs specific recognize the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 or cross-react to other CoVs. We also summarize the challenges of NAbs therapeutics such as antibody-dependent enhancement and viral escape mutations. Such evidence is urgently needed to the development of antibody therapeutic interventions that are likely required to reduce the global burden of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Role of Probiotics and Their Metabolites in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
Toumi Ryma ◽  
Arezki Samer ◽  
Imene Soufli ◽  
Hayet Rafa ◽  
Chafia Touil-Boukoffa
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Complex Disorders ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a term used to describe a group of complex disorders of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. IBDs include two main forms: Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), which share similar clinical symptoms but differ in the anatomical distribution of the inflammatory lesions. The etiology of IBDs is undetermined. Several hypotheses suggest that Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis result from an abnormal immune response against endogenous flora and luminal antigens in genetically susceptible individuals. While there is no cure for IBDs, most common treatments (medication and surgery) aim to reduce inflammation and help patients to achieve remission. There is growing evidence and focus on the prophylactic and therapeutic potential of probiotics in IBDs. Probiotics are live microorganisms that regulate the mucosal immune system, the gut microbiota and the production of active metabolites such as Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs). This review will focus on the role of intestinal dysbiosis in the immunopathogenesis of IBDs and understanding the health-promoting effects of probiotics and their metabolites.

Therapeutic potential of recombinant thrombomodulin for lung injury after pneumonectomy via inhibition of high-mobility group box 1 in mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 868-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Takahashi ◽  
Noriyuki Matsutani ◽  
Hitoshi Dejima ◽  
Takashi Nakayama ◽  
Ryo Okamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
High Mobility Group ◽  
Recombinant Thrombomodulin

scholarly journals Animal models of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The term mouse models

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (12) ◽  
pp. L936-L947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Berger ◽  
Vineet Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Lung Development ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Injury Models

The etiology of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is multifactorial, with genetics, ante- and postnatal sepsis, invasive mechanical ventilation, and exposure to hyperoxia being well described as contributing factors. Much of what is known about the pathogenesis of BPD is derived from animal models being exposed to the environmental factors noted above. This review will briefly cover the various mouse models of BPD, focusing mainly on the hyperoxia-induced lung injury models. We will also include hypoxia, hypoxia/hyperoxia, inflammation-induced, and transgenic models in room air. Attention to the stage of lung development at the timing of the initiation of the environmental insult and the duration of lung injury is critical to attempt to mimic the human disease pulmonary phenotype, both in the short term and in outcomes extending into childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. The various indexes of alveolar and vascular development as well as pulmonary function including pulmonary hypertension will be highlighted. The advantages (and limitations) of using such approaches will be discussed in the context of understanding the pathogenesis of and targeting therapeutic interventions to ameliorate human BPD.

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