scholarly journals The Role of Interventional Radiology for the Treatment of Hepatic Metastases from Neuroendocrine Tumor: An Updated Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Barat ◽  
Anne-Ségolène Cottereau ◽  
Alice Kedra ◽  
Solène Dermine ◽  
Lola-Jade Palmieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interventional Radiology ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumor ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Transarterial Embolization ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Hepatic Metastases ◽  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Patient Tolerance

Interventional radiology plays an important role in the management of patients with neuroendocrine tumor liver metastasis (NELM). Transarterial embolization (TAE), transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), and selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) are intra-arterial therapies available for these patients in order to improve symptoms and overall survival. These treatment options are proposed in patients with NELM not responding to systemic therapies and without extrahepatic progression. Currently, available data suggest that TAE should be preferred to TACE in patients with NELM from extrapancreatic origin because of similar efficacy and better patient tolerance. TACE is more effective in patients with pancreatic NELM and SIRT has shown promising results along with good tolerance. However, large randomized controlled trials are still lacking in this setting. Available literature mainly consists in small sample size and retrospective studies with important technical heterogeneity. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated overview of the currently reported endovascular interventional radiology procedures that are used for the treatment of NELM.

The categorization of expatriates and the support offered by host country nationals

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley C. Sonesh ◽  
Angelo S. DeNisi
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Host Country Nationals ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Expatriate Assignments ◽  
The Right ◽  
National Stereotypes

Purpose – Although several authors have suggested that host country nationals (HCNs) play an important role in the management of expatriates (e.g. Toh and DeNisi, 2003; Farh et al., 2010), research has also suggested that this relationship is not always good, and the flow of critical information to expatriates can be limited. This is especially true when HCNs categorize the expatriates as “out-group” members. The purpose of this paper is to examine potential determinants of categorization decisions as well as potential outcomes related to expatriate socialization. Design/methodology/approach – The paper employs a dyadic survey approach to determine the antecedents to expatriate categorization and HCN socialization behaviors from the perspective of both the expatriate and HCN. Findings – The results of survey data from 65 expatriate-HCN dyads indicated that expatriate ethnocentrism and the salience of the expatriates’ nationality were important predictors of categorization, but that categorization was related to only one dimension of socialization. However, affect was found to play a role in predicting socialization behaviors. Research limitations/implications – There is potential selection bias since expatriates chose HCNs as respondents, but results suggested this was not a serious problem. Other limitations include a relatively small sample size and the fact that a number of contextual issues such as national stereotypes and MNC strategy, are not controlled for. Practical implications – Implications of these findings for the successful management of expatriate assignments include sending over expatriates with the right relational skills, and those low in ethnocentrism, rather than just the right technical skills. Originality/value – The present study was one of the first to empirically test the potential role of categorization in the process of socialization.

The role of polymorphisms occurring in BRCA1/2 genes in determining ovarian cancer risk.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e17551-e17551
Author(s):  
Marta Castiglia ◽  
Lorena Incorvaia ◽  
Alessandro Perez ◽  
Chiara Brando ◽  
Antonio Galvano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Brca1 Gene ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Clinicopathological Features ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Risk

e17551 Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is the 10th tumor occurring in women, it accounts for 30% of all malignant tumor affecting female genital tract in Italy. There are several factors that contribute to OC development; in 15-25% of cases family history of breast and ovarian cancer represent the main risk factor. It is well known that pathogenic variants (PVs) occurring in BRCA1/2 genes strongly increase the risk of developing OC, ranging from 50% in BRCA1 PVs carriers to 30% in BRCA2 PVs carriers. Recently genetic polymorphism has been shown to increase cancer risk, consequently polymorphisms in BRCA1/2 genes could represent low penetrance susceptibility alleles and contribute to determine specific clinicopathological features in OC patients harboring BRCA1/2 PVs. Methods: From 2015 to 2021, 338 patients diagnosed with epithelial OC (not mucinous, not borderline) were subjected to BRCA1/2 analysis. After obtaining informed consent, blood samples were processed for genomic DNA isolation; DNA was used for library preparation with the BRaCa Screen kit. Sequencing was performed on the IonS5 platform; variant annotation was performed with Amplicon Suite software. We collected data of both PVs and polymorphisms in BRCA1/2 genes with the aim to evaluate whether a cluster of specific polymorphisms could impact clinicopathological features in BRCA1 PVs carriers. Results: Among the 338 screened EOC, BRCA1/2 PVs were reported in 85 patients (25%). 66% of patients harbored BRCA1 PVs and 34% in BRCA2. The most frequent BRCA1 PVs were the c.4964_4982del (5083del19), c.514delC and c.181T > G; the first and the last are known for their founder effect in Italy and Eastern Europe. Looking at BRCA1 gene, in 75% of patients we identified a polymorphisms cluster (c.2082C > T, c.2311T > C, c.2612C > T, c.3113A > G, c.3548A > G, c.4308T > C, c.4837A > G). The c.514delC and c.181T > G PVs are always associated with the cluster and two additional polymorphisms, the c.2077G > A and the c.1067A > G respectively. Conversely, the cluster seems not to be associated with the PVs 5083del19. Interestingly in BRCA1-5083del19 PV carriers median age at OC diagnosis was 50 years (range 45-69). On average, these patients developed ovarian cancer 6 years earlier than other BRCA1 PV carriers (median age at diagnosis 57 years; range 30-81). Bilateral tumors were frequent and occurred in 57% of the patients versus 33% in OC patients carrying other BRCA1 PVs. Therefore, it seems that the cluster has a “protective” effect and that its absence reduces age at diagnosis. Conclusions: Despite this study has the main limitation of a small sample size, we have reported a possible association between polymorphisms cluster and clinicopathological features in BRCA1 PVs carriers. By further investigating this aspect in a larger cohort, we might be able to prove the role of this cluster in increasing or reducing OC risk and providing clinicians more information useful for patients’ stratification.

scholarly journals Uterus transplantation: joys and frustrations of becoming a ‘complete’ woman—a qualitative study regarding self-image in the 5-year period after transplantation

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1855-1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stina Järvholm ◽  
Anders Enskog ◽  
Catrina Hammarling ◽  
Pernilla Dahm-Kähler ◽  
Mats Brännström
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Uterus Transplantation ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Government

Abstract STUDY QUESTION How is a women’s self-image affected by uterus transplantation (UTx)? SUMMARY ANSWER Women experienced receiving a uterus in both positive and negative ways, but in general, their self-image was positively affected; regardless of whether they have given birth to a child or not, recipients describe themselves as being ‘back to normal’ after the hysterectomy to remove the transplanted uterus. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY UTx has repeatedly proved to be a successful treatment for absolute uterine factor infertility. However, there has been no previous qualitative long-term research into the self-image of women undergoing UTx. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This complete, prospective cohort study included the nine recipients of the first UTxs performed in Sweden mostly in 2013. Interviews took place in the 5 years following surgery. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Eight out of the nine recipients had congenital absence of the uterus, a characteristic of Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome, and one recipient lacked a uterus after a radical hysterectomy due to cervical cancer. The mean age of participants was 31.5 years at inclusion and at this time they all lived in stable marital relationships. Post-transplantation, interviews were performed annually for 5 years, comprising a total of 43 interviews. The interview followed a semi-structured guide. All interviews (median duration of around 25 minutes) were recorded, transcribed verbatim and then analysed by thematic approach. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The joys and frustrations of becoming a ‘complete’ woman are seen as a master theme, which influences the three underlying subthemes, a changed self-perception, a changed body and a changed sexuality. Each of these subthemes have three underlying categories. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The small sample size is a limitation. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The results provide information that will be helpful in pre-operative screening procedures and in the psychological support offered both to women who experienced successful and unsuccessful outcomes following UTx. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Funding was received from the Jane and Dan Olsson Foundation for Science; the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; an ALF grant from the Swedish state under an agreement between the government and the county councils; the Swedish Research Council; a Ferring Pharmaceuticals scholarship in memory of Robert Edwards; and the Iris Jonzén-Sandblom and Greta Jonzén Foundation. The authors have no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01844362.

The relationship between food heritage and clan culture: is “familiness” the missing link in SMEs?

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 337-354
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Khatami ◽  
Alberto Ferraris ◽  
Paola De Bernardi ◽  
Valter Cantino
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Clan Culture ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThis paper empirically tests the relationship between food heritage, familiness, and clan culture, thus, highlighting the pivotal role of familiness in building robustly competitive food firms based on clan culture and food heritage.Design/methodology/approachThe methodological approach adopted is based on a quantitative analysis with data from one eco-tourist city in Iran (Torqabeh). In this regard, we developed a structured questionnaire surveying 98 small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in the food industry. We then used partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to carry out the analysis.FindingsThe results indicate the significant positive relationship between food heritage and clan culture, and highlight the role of familiness as a strong mediator, which is also associated with a strong relationship between food heritage and clan culture.Research limitations/implicationsIn the present study, the main limitation was linked to the small sample size and data collection, which took place in only a single city; however, further research could overcome this limitation by investigating SMEs from a heterogeneous geographical context.Originality/valueThe value of this research relates to studies that have examined food heritage as a possible antecedent of familiness. Moreover, the novelty of this research is to study the concept of familiness in improving resource-based views and organizational theories.

scholarly journals Role of MicroRNAs in Parkinson’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suh Yee Goh ◽  
Yin Xia Chao ◽  
Shaikali Thameem Dheen ◽  
Eng-King Tan ◽  
Samuel Sam-Wah Tay
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Incomplete Penetrance ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Druggable Targets ◽  
The Brain

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a disabling neurodegenerative disease that manifests with resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity and postural instability. Since the discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in 1993, miRNAs have been shown to be important biological molecules involved in diverse processes to maintain normal cellular functions. Over the past decade, many studies have reported dysregulation of miRNA expressions in PD. Here, we identified 15 miRNAs from 34 reported screening studies that demonstrated dysregulation in the brain and/or neuronal models, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. Specific miRNAs-of-interest that have been implicated in PD pathogenesis include miR-30, miR-29, let-7, miR-485 and miR-26. However, there are several challenges and limitations in drawing definitive conclusions due to the small sample size in clinical studies, varied laboratory techniques and methodologies and their incomplete penetrance of the blood–brain barrier. Developing an optimal delivery system and unravelling druggable targets of miRNAs in both experimental and human models and clinical validation of the results may pave way for novel therapeutics in PD.

The similiarity of facial expressions in response to emotion-inducing films in reared-apart twins

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1475-1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Kendler ◽  
L. J. Halberstadt ◽  
F. Butera ◽  
J. Myers ◽  
T. Bouchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Minimal Contact

BackgroundWhile the role of genetic factors in self-report measures of emotion has been frequently studied, we know little about the degree to which genetic factors influence emotional facial expressions.MethodTwenty-eight pairs of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins from the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart were shown three emotion-inducing films and their facial responses recorded. These recordings were blindly scored by trained raters. Ranked correlations between twins were calculated controlling for age and sex.ResultsTwin pairs were significantly correlated for facial expressions of general positive emotions, happiness, surprise and anger, but not for general negative emotions, sadness, or disgust or average emotional intensity. MZ pairs (n=18) were more correlated than DZ pairs (n=10) for most but not all emotional expressions.ConclusionsSince these twin pairs had minimal contact with each other prior to testing, these results support significant genetic effects on the facial display of at least some human emotions in response to standardized stimuli. The small sample size resulted in estimated twin correlations with very wide confidence intervals.

scholarly journals Circulating MicroRNAs for Diagnosis of Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Still a Long Way to Go

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Matteo Sobrero ◽  
Fabrizio Montecucco ◽  
Federico Carbone
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Acute Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Development Organization

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) represents the third most frequent cause of acute cardiovascular syndrome. Among VTE, acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is the most life-threatening complication. Due to the low specificity of symptoms clinical diagnosis of APE may be sometimes very difficult. Accordingly, the latest European guidelines only suggest clinical prediction tests for diagnosis of APE, eventually associated with D-dimer, a biomarker burdened by a very low specificity. A growing body of evidence is highlighting the role of miRNAs in hemostasis and thrombosis. Due to their partial inheritance and susceptibility to the environmental factors, miRNAs are increasingly described as active modifiers of the classical Virchow’s triad. Clinical evidence on deep venous thrombosis reported specific miRNA signatures associated to thrombosis development, organization, recanalization, and resolution. Conversely, data of miRNA profiling as a predictor/diagnostic marker of APE are still preliminary. Here, we have summarized clinical evidence on the potential role of miRNA in diagnosis of APE. Despite some intriguing insight, miRNA assay is still far from any potential clinical application. Especially, the small sample size of cohorts likely represents the major limitation of published studies, so that extensive analysis of miRNA profiles with a machine learning approach are warranted in the next future. In addition, the cost-benefit ratio of miRNA assay still has a negative impact on their clinical application and routinely test.

scholarly journals An Electronic Teaching Module for Improving Knowledge of Self-Management of Vaso-Occlusive Pain Crises in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease: Pilot Questionnaire Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammie Tam ◽  
Maria R Baer ◽  
Lewis L Hsu ◽  
Jennie Y Law
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Teaching Module ◽  
Baseline Knowledge ◽  
Electronic Teaching

BACKGROUND For patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), effective management of vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) is integral to provision of care, as nearly all affected individuals will suffer from VOCs in their lifetime. A recent systematic review of technological interventions to improve self-management in the care of SCD concluded that electronic health has the potential to improve the care of individuals with SCD. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the value of an electronic teaching module (ETM) provided by Emmi Solutions for educating adult SCD patients on VOC self-management and treatment options for SCD. METHODS A pretest assessed adults with SCD for baseline knowledge with regard to self-management of VOCs. Participants then watched the 35-min ETM and completed a posttest and survey on the ETM. RESULTS A total of 20 adults enrolled. Their knowledge scores improved (pretest median 66.5% and posttest median 85%; P<.001). In total, 18 participants (18/20, 90%) agreed that they “learned a lot” or “learned something” from the ETM. The most common topic about which they reported learning was hydroxyurea. A total of 12 participants (12/20, 60%) agreed with the statement that they “would recommend the module to a friend or family member with sickle cell disease.” CONCLUSIONS The ETM is associated with an increase in knowledge in patients with SCD. Limitations of the study include small sample size, no assessment of knowledge before premodule questionnaire completion, and no longitudinal follow-up. Identifying patients with SCD who demonstrate affinity for self-education via an ETM may further enhance utility of this tool to educate and empower patients.

scholarly journals Recurrence after pituitary surgery in adult Cushing’s disease: a systematic review on diagnosis and treatment

Endocrine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-231
Author(s):  
Leah T. Braun ◽  
German Rubinstein ◽  
Stephanie Zopp ◽  
Frederick Vogel ◽  
Christine Schmid-Tannwald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Therapy ◽  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Pituitary Surgery ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Bilateral Adrenalectomy ◽  
Cushing's Disease ◽  
Success Rates

Abstract Purpose Recurrence after pituitary surgery in Cushing’s disease (CD) is a common problem ranging from 5% (minimum) to 50% (maximum) after initially successful surgery, respectively. In this review, we give an overview of the current literature regarding prevalence, diagnosis, and therapeutic options of recurrent CD. Methods We systematically screened the literature regarding recurrent and persistent Cushing’s disease using the MESH term Cushing’s disease and recurrence. Of 717 results in PubMed, all manuscripts in English and German published between 1980 and April 2020 were screened. Case reports, comments, publications focusing on pediatric CD or CD in veterinary disciplines or studies with very small sample size (patient number < 10) were excluded. Also, papers on CD in pregnancy were not included in this review. Results and conclusions Because of the high incidence of recurrence in CD, annual clinical and biochemical follow-up is paramount. 50% of recurrences occur during the first 50 months after first surgery. In case of recurrence, treatment options include second surgery, pituitary radiation, targeted medical therapy to control hypercortisolism, and bilateral adrenalectomy. Success rates of all these treatment options vary between 25 (some of the medical therapy) and 100% (bilateral adrenalectomy). All treatment options have specific advantages, limitations, and side effects. Therefore, treatment decisions have to be individualized according to the specific needs of the patient.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document