scholarly journals New Approach to Dental Morphometric Research Based on 3D Imaging Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Armen V. Gaboutchian ◽  
Vladimir A. Knyaz ◽  
Dmitry V. Korost
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Human Morphology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Unique Material ◽  
The Times ◽  
Processing Techniques

Recent progress in imaging and image processing techniques has provided for improvements in odontological research in a variety of aspects. Thus, the presented method has been developed precisely in order to assess metrically 3D reconstructions of teeth. Rapidly and accurately obtained data of a wide range and appropriate density are sufficient enough for morphometric studies rather than tooth size assessments which are inherent to conventional techniques. The main contributions providing for holistic and objective morphometric analysis of teeth are the following: (1) interpretation of basic dental morphological features; (2) automated of orientational coordinate system setup based on tooth surface analysis; (3) new tooth morphometric parameters which could not be obtained through application of conventional odontometric techniques; (4) methodological novelty for automated odontomorphometric analysis pipeline. Application of tomographic imaging, which has been used for obtaining 3D models, expands the proposed method potential further through providing detailed and comprehensive reconstructions of teeth. The current study was conducted on unique material from the archaeological site of Sunghir related to the Upper Palaeolithic period. Metric assessments of external and internal morphological layers of teeth were performed in common orientation and sectioning. The proposed technique allowed more profound analysis of Sunghirian teeth which date back to the times of modern human morphology formation.

scholarly journals Reconstructing dietary ecology of extinct strepsirrhines (Primates, Mammalia) with new approaches for characterizing and analyzing tooth shape

Paleobiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Ethan L. Fulwood ◽  
Shan Shan ◽  
Julia M. Winchester ◽  
Tingran Gao ◽  
Henry Kirveslahti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Ecological Diversity ◽  
Model Quality ◽  
Dietary Adaptation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multinomial Modeling ◽  
Dietary Ecology ◽  
Tooth Form

Abstract The morphological and ecological diversity of lemurs and lorisiformes once rivaled that of the rest of the primate order. Here, we assemble a dataset of 3D models representing the second mandibular molars of a wide range of extant and fossil strepsirrhines encompassing this diversity. We use these models to distill quantitative descriptors of tooth form and then analyze these data using new analytical methods. We employ a recently developed dental topography metric (ariaDNE), which is less sensitive to details of random error in 3D model quality than previously used metrics (e.g., DNE); Bayesian multinomial modeling with metrics designed to measure overfitting risk; and a tooth segmentation algorithm that allows the shapes of disaggregated tooth surface features to be quantified using dental topography metrics. This approach is successful at reclassifying extant strepsirrhine primates to known dietary ecology and indicates that the averaging of morphological information across the tooth surface does not interfere with the ability of dental topography metrics to predict dietary adaptation. When the most informative combination of dental topography metrics is applied to extinct species, many subfossil lemurs and the most basal fossil strepsirrhines are predicted to have been primarily frugivorous or gummivorous. This supports an ecological contraction among the extant lemurs and the importance of frugivory in the origins of crown Strepsirrhini, potentially to avoid competition with more insectivorous and folivorous members of Paleogene Afro-Arabian primate faunas.

Ochrona dziedzictwa kulturowego a działania na dużych szybkozmiennych zbiorach danych – perspektywa kryminologiczna

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-22
Author(s):  
Szymon Buczyński
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Cultural Organizations ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Huge Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Share Data ◽  
Processing Techniques

Recent technological revolutions in data and communication systemsenable us to generate and share data much faster than ever before. Sophisticated data tools aim to improve knowledge and boost confdence. That technological tools will only get better and user-friendlier over the years, big datacan be considered an important tool for the arts and culture sector. Statistical analysis, econometric methods or data mining techniques could pave theway towards better understanding of the mechanisms occurring on the artmarket. Moreover crime reduction and prevention challenges in today’sworld are becoming increasingly complex and are in need of a new techniquethat can handle the vast amount of information that is being generated. Thisarticle provides an examination of a wide range of new technological innovations (IT) that have applications in the areas of culture preservation andheritage protection. The author provides a description of recent technological innovations, summarize the available research on the extent of adoptionon selected examples, and then review the available research on the eachform of new technology. Furthermore the aim of this paper is to explore anddiscuss how big data analytics affect innovation and value creation in cultural organizations and shape consumer behavior in cultural heritage, arts andcultural industries. This paper discusses also the likely impact of big dataanalytics on criminological research and theory. Digital criminology supports huge data base in opposition to conventional data processing techniques which are not only in suffcient but also out dated. This paper aims atclosing a gap in the academic literature showing the contribution of a bigdata approach in cultural economics, policy and management both froma theoretical and practice-based perspective. This work is also a startingpoint for further research.

scholarly journals Tracking late Pleistocene Neandertals on the Iberian coast

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Mayoral ◽  
Ignacio Díaz-Martínez ◽  
Jéremy Duveau ◽  
Ana Santos ◽  
Antonio Rodríguez Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Microbial Mats ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Upper Pleistocene ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Flooded Area

AbstractHere, we report the recent discovery of 87 Neandertal footprints on the Southwest of the Iberian Peninsula (Doñana shoreline, Spain) located on an upper Pleistocene aeolian littoral setting (about 106 ± 19 kyr). Morphometric comparisons, high resolution digital photogrammetric 3D models and detailed sedimentary analysis have been provided to characterized the footprints and the palaeoenvironment. The footprints were impressed in the shoreline of a hypersaline swamped area related to benthic microbial mats, close to the coastline. They have a rounded heel, a longitudinal arch, relatively short toes, and adducted hallux, and represent the oldest upper Pleistocene record of Neandertal footprints in the world. Among these 87 footprints, 31 are longitudinally complete and measure from 14 to 29 cm. The calculated statures range from 104 to 188 cm, with half of the data between 130 and 150 cm. The wide range of sizes of the footprints suggests the existence of a social group integrated by individuals of different age classes but dominated, however, by non-adult individuals. The footprints, which are outside the flooded area are oriented perpendicular to the shoreline. These 87 footprints reinforce the ecological scenario of Neandertal groups established in coastal areas.

scholarly journals Potential predictors of severe cardiovascular involvement in Marfan syndrome: the emphasized role of genotype–phenotype correlations in improving risk stratification—a literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Stengl ◽  
Bence Ágg ◽  
Miklós Pólos ◽  
Gábor Mátyás ◽  
Gábor Szabó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Marfan Syndrome ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Connective Tissue Disorder ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stratification System ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Aortic Dissections

Abstract Background Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a genetically determined systemic connective tissue disorder, caused by a mutation in the FBN1 gene. In MFS mainly the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and ocular systems are affected. The most dangerous manifestation of MFS is aortic dissection, which needs to be prevented by a prophylactic aortic root replacement. Main body The indication criteria for the prophylactic procedure is currently based on aortic diameter, however aortic dissections below the threshold defined in the guidelines have been reported, highlighting the need for a more accurate risk stratification system to predict the occurrence of aortic complications. The aim of this review is to present the current knowledge on the possible predictors of severe cardiovascular manifestations in MFS patients, demonstrating the wide range of molecular and radiological differences between people with MFS and healthy individuals, and more importantly between MFS patients with and without advanced aortic manifestations. These differences originating from the underlying common molecular pathological processes can be assessed by laboratory (e.g. genetic testing) and imaging techniques to serve as biomarkers of severe aortic involvement. In this review we paid special attention to the rapidly expanding field of genotype–phenotype correlations for aortic features as by collecting and presenting the ever growing number of correlations, future perspectives for risk stratification can be outlined. Conclusions Data on promising biomarkers of severe aortic complications of MFS have been accumulating steadily. However, more unifying studies are required to further evaluate the applicability of the discussed predictors with the aim of improving the risk stratification and therefore the life expectancy and quality of life of MFS patients.

Cassava Processing in Sub-Saharan Africa: the Implications for Expanding Cassava Production

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Izu Nweke
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Cassava Production ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Poor Soil

Cassava makes an important contribution to improving food security and rural incomes in sub-Saharan Africa, as it is tolerant of drought and poor soil and its cultivation does not require much labour. However, the fresh roots are bulky and perishable and need to be processed before they can be marketed; processing also removes the cyanogens which make many varieties poisonous in their raw form. Cassava roots are turned into granules, flours, pastes and chips, with a wide range of flavours and appearances for different areas and markets. Many different processing techniques are used, some of which make intensive use of fuelwood while others require a plentiful water supply. These requirements, as well as the need for a good transport and marketing infrastructure, limit the expansion of cassava production in sub-Saharan Africa, but technical solutions are being found.

scholarly journals A Structurally Variable Hinged Tetrahedron Framework from DNA Origami

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Smith ◽  
Verena Schüller ◽  
Carsten Forthmann ◽  
Robert Schreiber ◽  
Philip Tinnefeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Dna Origami ◽  
Microscopy Technique ◽  
Wire Frame ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Linker Molecules

Nanometer-sized polyhedral wire-frame objects hold a wide range of potential applications both as structural scaffolds as well as a basis for synthetic nanocontainers. The utilization of DNA as basic building blocks for such structures allows the exploitation of bottom-up self-assembly in order to achieve molecular programmability through the pairing of complementary bases. In this work, we report on a hollow but rigid tetrahedron framework of 75 nm strut length constructed with the DNA origami method. Flexible hinges at each of their four joints provide a means for structural variability of the object. Through the opening of gaps along the struts, four variants can be created as confirmed by both gel electrophoresis and direct imaging techniques. The intrinsic site addressability provided by this technique allows the unique targeted attachment of dye and/or linker molecules at any point on the structure's surface, which we prove through the superresolution fluorescence microscopy technique DNA PAINT.

EXPRESS: On the Limit of Detection in Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging

2021 ◽  
pp. 000370282110509
Author(s):  
Laurin Lux ◽  
Yamuna Dilip Phal ◽  
Pei-Hsuan Hsieh ◽  
Rohit Bhargava
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Protein Microarray ◽  
Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Ir Imaging ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Processing Techniques

Infrared (IR) spectroscopic imaging instruments’ performance can be characterized and optimized by an analysis of their limit of detection (LoD). Here we report a systematic analysis of the LoD for Fourier transform IR (FT-IR) and discrete frequency IR (DFIR) imaging spectrometers. In addition to traditional measurements of sample and blank data, we propose a decision theory perspective to pose the determination of LoD as a binary classification problem under different assumptions of noise uniformity and correlation. We also examine three spectral analysis approaches, namely absorbance at a single frequency, sum of absorbance over selected frequencies and total spectral distance – to suit instruments that acquire discrete or contiguous spectral bandwidths. The analysis is validated by refining the fabrication of a bovine serum albumin protein microarray to provide eight uniform spots from 2.8 nL of solution for each concentration over a wide range (0.05 -10 mg/mL). Using scanning parameters that are typical for each instrument, we estimate a LoD of 0.16 mg/mL and 0.12 mg/mL for widefield and line scanning FT-IR imaging systems, respectively, usingthespectraldistanceapproach,and0.22mg/mLand0.15mg/mL using an optimal set of discrete frequencies. As expected, averaging and the use of post-processing techniques such as minimum noise fraction (MNF) transformation results in LoDs as low as 0.075 mg/mL that correspond to a spotted protein mass of 112 fg/pixel. We emphasize that these measurements were conducted at typical imaging parameters for each instrument and can be improved using the usual trading rules of IR spectroscopy. This systematic analysis and methodology for determining the LoD can allow for quantitative measures of confidence in imaging an analyte’s concentration and a basis for further improving IR imaging technology.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) time-lapse monitoring of the instability processes affecting Varano Hill: A case study of the ancient Roman site of Villa Arianna

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Somma ◽  
Alfredo Trocciola ◽  
Daniele Spizzichino ◽  
Alessandro Fedele ◽  
Gabriele Leoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Slope Instabilities

<p>The archaeological site of Villa Arianna - located on Varano Hill, south of Vesuvius - offer tantalizing information regarding first-century AD resilience to hydrogeological risk. Additionally, the site provides an important test case for mitigation efforts of current and future geo-hazard. Villa Arianna, notable in particular for its wall frescoes, is part of a complex of Roman villas built between 89 BC and AD 79 in the ancient coastal resort area of Stabiae. This villa complex is located on a morphological terrace that separates the ruins from the present-day urban center of Castellammare di Stabia. The Varano hill is formed of alternating pyroclastic deposits, from the Vesuvius Complex, and alluvial sediments, from the Sarno River. The area, in AD 79, was completely covered by PDCs from the Plinian eruption of Vesuvius. Due to the geomorphological structure the slope is prone to slope instability phenomena that are mainly represented by earth and debris flows, usually triggered by heavy rainfall. The susceptibility is worsened by changes in hydraulic and land-use conditions mainly caused by lack of maintenance of mitigation works. Villa Arianna is the subject of a joint pilot project of the INGV-ENEA-ISPRA that includes non-invasive monitoring techniques such as the use of UAVs to study the areas of the slope at higher risk of instability. The project, in particular, seeks to implement innovative mitigation solutions that are non-destructive to the cultural heritage. UAVs represent the fastest way to produce high-resolution 3D models of large sites and allow archaeologists to collect accurate spatial data that can be used for 3D GIS analyses. Through this pilot project, we have used detailed 3D models and high-resolution ortho-images for new analyses and documentation of the site and to map the slope instabilities that threatens the Villa Arianna site. Through multi-temporal analyses of different data acquisitions, we intend to define the detailed morphological evolution of the entire Varano slope. These analyses will allow us to highlight priority areas for future low-impact mitigation interventions.</p>

Abstract TP132: Selection and Activation of Sites in a Large Multi-Center Randomized Clinical Trial

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart M Demaerschalk ◽  
Robert D Brown ◽  
Virginia J Howard ◽  
MeeLee Tom ◽  
Mary E Longbottom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Interventional Neuroradiology ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Carotid Revascularization ◽  
Training Requirements ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Times ◽  
And Training

Introduction: Careful selection and timely activation of clinical sites in multicenter clinical trials is critical for successful enrollment, subject safety, and generalizability of results. Methods: In the Carotid Revascularization and Medical Management for Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis Trial (CREST-2), a multidisciplinary Site Selection Committee evaluated applicants referred via participation in CREST, CREST principal investigators (PIs) and other investigators, StrokeNet and industry partners. Data for consideration included performance metrics in CREST and other carotid trials and a site selection questionnaire containing information on the investigators as well as quantitative data on carotid procedures performed. Any FDA warning letters were reviewed. Results: The Committee met bi-weekly for 36 months (n=64 meetings). Applications from 176 sites between March 2014 and July 2016 were evaluated: 153 were approved, 7 are under Committee review, 5 were approved but withdrew, 5 were placed on a waiting list, and 6 were rejected. One-hundred-four sites have completed the regulatory and training requirements to randomize: 51 (49%) academic medical centers, 31 (30%) private hospital-based centers, 16 (15%) private office-based practices, and 6 (6%) Veterans Administration medical centers. The mean times from application-to- approval was 5.2 weeks (interquartile range, 1.9, 6.2), and from approval-to-randomization status was 46.7 weeks (interquartile range, 35.4, 51.7). Specialties of the 104 site PIs are vascular surgery for 35 (33.7%), cardiology for 30 (28.8%), neurology for 25 (24%), neurosurgery for 8 (7.7%), interventional radiology for 4 (3.8%), and interventional neuroradiology for 2 (1.9%). Conclusions: Careful site selection is time-consuming for prospective sites and for trial leadership. Times from application-to-site-approval were modest (mean = 5.2 weeks), in contrast to the times for completing regulatory and training requirements (mean = 46.7 weeks). However, subject enrollment by teams from a wide range of medical centers led by a multi-disciplinary cohort of PIs will promote the generalizability of trial results.

Updates and Advances: Pediatric Musculoskeletal Infection Imaging Made Easier for Radiologists and Clinicians

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
Michael S. Furman ◽  
Ricardo Restrepo ◽  
Supika Kritsaneepaiboon ◽  
Bernard F. Laya ◽  
Domen Plut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Daily Clinical Practice ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Imaging Evaluation ◽  
Musculoskeletal Infection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Optimal Patient Management

AbstractInfants and children often present with a wide range of musculoskeletal (MSK) infections in daily clinical practice. This can vary from relatively benign superficial infections such as cellulitis to destructive osseous and articular infections and life-threatening deep soft tissue processes such as necrotizing fasciitis. Imaging evaluation plays an essential role for initial detection and follow-up evaluation of pediatric MSK infections. Therefore, a clear and up-to-date knowledge of imaging manifestations in MSK infections in infants and children is imperative for timely and accurate diagnosis that, in turn, can result in optimal patient management. This article reviews an up-to-date practical imaging techniques, the differences between pediatric and adult MSK infections, the spectrum of pediatric MSK infections, and mimics of pediatric MSK infections encountered in daily clinical practice by radiologists and clinicians.

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