scholarly journals Mollusk Shell Debris Accumulation in the Seabed Derived from Coastal Fish Farming

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Sanchez-Jerez ◽  
Lotte Krüger ◽  
Nuria Casado-Coy ◽  
Carlos Valle ◽  
Carlos Sanz-Lazaro
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Debris Accumulation ◽  
Zone Of Influence ◽  
The One ◽  
Underwater Camera

Fish farm facilities become colonized by biofouling, and in situ cleaning activities may increase the accumulation of biofouling, mostly shell-hash, on the sediment. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the effect of fish farming on this process. We evaluated the effect of fish farming on shell-hash accumulation on sediments in three fish farms in the Western Mediterranean in Spain. On the one hand, coverage of non-degraded shell on the seabed was estimated using an underwater camera attached to a frame of 1 × 1 m. On the other hand, superficial sediment samples were taken by a Van-Veen grab, and from a subsample, shell-hash was sorted at the laboratory, dried, and weighted. A significant increase of shells on sediment was detected under fish farms compared with the other treatments, with average values of 53 g kg-1, and 1.12% of cover. Shell-hash at zones close to the fish farm cages (Zone of Influence located between 40 to 60 m from the closest cage) did not show statistical differences compared to the reference zones, 300–500 m away from the concession limits, but the shell cover showed statistical differences. Fish farming activities produce a local increase in the sedimentation rate of shells under the cages. The derived ecological consequences of this accumulation need to be further studied.

Parasitological monitoring of fish farm factories

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Наумова ◽  
A. Naumova ◽  
Наумова ◽  
A. Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors

Objective of research: to perform the parasitological monitoring we have to study the parasite fauna in fishes from different fish farm factories, calculate the index of similarity, estimate the influence of abiotic and biotic factors on the ecosystem of fish-breeding reservoirs. Materials and methods: parasitological monitoring of factory fish farms was conducted by the method of complete and incomplete parasitological examination taking into account the data obtained from various fish-breeding reservoirs. Results and discussion: the parasite fauna of cyprinid fishes is represented by 56 species, carriage of causative agents of parasitic diseases in fishes is detected. Index of similarity of parasite fauna in carps has been studied and typification of agricultural reservoirs carried out. Index of similarity between the parasite fauna in carp and herbivorous fish was 22–33 %, carp and rough fish - 18–30,7 %. Influence of abiotic (oxidability, reduction of oxygen and nitrogen ammonia concentration, mineralization) and biotic – anthropogenic factors (violation of processing technologies, veterinary and sanitary rules of fish transport and fish farming operations) on fish infestation with parasites was studied. The role of parasitological monitoring in prevention and elimination of fish diseases was shown.

scholarly journals Evaluation of outpatient discharge in patients with cutaneous melanoma

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Nurimar C. Fernandes ◽  
Flauberto de Sousa Marinho
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Melanoma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stage Iiic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Melanoma In Situ ◽  
Stage Ia ◽  
The One

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate discharge in a group of patients with cutaneous melanoma according to recently established criteria. METHODS: we conducted an observational, cross-sectional study with 32 patients at the Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF) / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), between 1995 and 2013, in the following stages: IA (17 cases, 53.12%), IB (4 cases, 12.5%), IIA (3 cases, 9.37%), IIC (1 case, 3.12%), IIIB (1 case, 3.12%), IIIC (3 cases, 9.37%), melanomas in situ (2 cases, 6.25%), Tx (1 case, 3.12%). RESULTS: the follow-up time varied from one to 20 years (stage IA), five to 15 years (stage IB), six to 17 years (stage IIA), 20 years (stage IIC), 23 years (stage IIIB) and 14 to 18 years (stage IIIC). One melanoma in situ (subungueal) was discharged in the fourth year of follow-up and the other was promptly discharged. The Tx melanoma was followed for 12 years. We observed no relapses or recurrences in the period. CONCLUSION: although a controversial issue, it was possible to endorse the discharge of the patients since our follow-up time had already exceeded the one recommended by the other authors.

scholarly journals The Role of Prosody in the Identification of Persian Sentence Types: Declarative or Wh-question?

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohreh Shiamizadeh ◽  
Johanneke Caspers ◽  
Niels O. Schiller
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Sentence Type ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Frequency Code ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

AbstractIt has been reported that prosody contributes to the identification of utterances which lack lexico-syntactic indicators of interrogativity but do have characteristic prosodic correlates (e.g. Vion and Colas 2006. Pitch cues for the recognition of yes-no questions in French. Journal of Psycholinguistics Research 35. 427–445). In Persian wh-in-situ questions, the interrogativity device (the wh-phrase) does not move to the sentence-initial position, and the pre-wh part is characterized by specific prosodic correlates (Shiamizadeh et al. 2016. Do Persian native speakers prosodically mark wh-in-situ questions? Manuscript submitted for publication). The current experiment investigates the role of prosody in the perception of Persian wh-in-situ questions as opposed to declaratives. To this end, an experiment was designed in which Persian native speakers were asked to choose the correct sentence type after hearing only the pre-wh part of a sentence. We hypothesized that prosody guides perception of wh-in-situ questions independent of wh-phrase type. The results of the experiment corroborate our hypothesis. The outcome is discussed in terms of Ohala´s frequency code, and Bolinger´s claim about the universal dichotomous association between relaxation and declarativity on the one hand and tension and interrogativity on the other hand.

scholarly journals The prosody of French wh-in-situ questions: Echo vs. non-echo

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
ALIZA GLASBERGEN-PLAS ◽  
STELLA GRYLLIA ◽  
JENNY DOETJES
Keyword(s):  
Information Seeking ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Question Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
Focus Structure ◽  
Narrow Focus ◽  
The One ◽  
Focus Marking ◽  
Echo Questions

This study compares the prosodic properties of French wh-in-situ echo questions and string-identical information seeking questions in relation to focus. Thirty-six (12 $\times$ 3) wh-in-situ questions were embedded in dialogues designed to elicit (A) echo questions expressing auditory failure, (B) information seeking questions with broad focus or (C) information seeking questions with narrow focus on the wh-phrase, i.e. a focus structure similar to the one of echo questions. Analyses regarding the F0, duration and intensity of the utterances produced by 20 native speakers of French show clear prosodic differences between the three conditions. Our results indicate that part of the prosodic properties of echo questions can be attributed to the presence of narrow focus (A and C vs. B) while another part is truly characteristic of echo questions themselves (A vs. B and C). In combination with known differences regarding their pragmatics, semantics and syntax, this sets echo questions apart as a separate question type. At the same time, our results offer evidence for prosodic encoding of focus in French wh-in-situ questions, confirming and adding to existing claims regarding the prosody of focus marking in French on the one hand and the presence of focus marking in wh-interrogatives on the other.

scholarly journals Advantages of Surface Ablation in Excimer Laser Surgery

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Fouad Chraibi
Keyword(s):  
Excimer Laser ◽  
Laser Surgery ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Corneal Surface ◽  
Corneal Dystrophies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The One

In this article, we review the advantages of corneal laser surface surgery to explain the current trend toward this technique. The excimer laser in corneal surface surgery can be used for two reasons. On the one hand, to correct a refractive error by photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and its two variants; Laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) and Epithelial Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (Epi-lasik). On the other hand, it is used to perform superficial corneal capacities photoablation, among other uses, by Phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK). PRK is regaining popularity thanks to its better safety profile, mitomycin C usage and improvement of photoablation profiles. Lasek and Epilasik are less frequently performed nowadays. PTK is an important element in the techniques used to improve visual acuity in a wide range of corneal conditions such as corneal scars, recurrent erosion syndrome and corneal dystrophies.

scholarly journals Perulernaea gamitanae (Copepoda: Lernaeidae) parasitizing tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) (Characidae) and the hybrids tambacu and tambatinga, cultured in northern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 988-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tavares-Dias ◽  
L.R. Neves ◽  
E.F. Santos ◽  
M.K.R. Dias ◽  
R.G. B. Marinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Infestation Rate ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum ◽  
Piaractus Mesopotamicus ◽  
Attachment Sites ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
New Hosts

The infestation rate in Colossoma macropomum, hybrid tambacu (C. macropomum x Piaractus mesopotamicus) and hybrid tambatinga (C. macropomum x Piaractus brachypomum) with Perulernaea gamitanae Thatcher and Paredes, 1985 from two fish farms in Amapá State, Brazil was studied. Lernaeid parasites (n=2887) were collected mainly on the tongue and the mouth cavity and also on cartilage of gill arches and filaments. Inflammation and fibrous nodules were observed on the attachment sites of the parasites. The infestation rate varied according to the fish farm and host. The prevalence of P. gamitanae was of 100% in hosts from one fish farm and was lower in the other fish farm. Higher intensity of P. gamitanae occurred in hybrids tambacu and tambatinga, but despite the high prevalence its intensity was moderate. This is the first report on epidemiology of P. gamitanae in cultured fishes from Brazilian Amazonia, and the occurrence of this crustacean parasite in two new hosts, the hybrids tambacu and tambatinga.

Coupled removal of Rhodamine B and Cu2+ by activating persulfate using micron zero-valent iron

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 535-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Huo ◽  
Yunxin Liu ◽  
Sijie Liu ◽  
Peng Zhou ◽  
Haishen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Compound ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Zero Valent Iron ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simultaneous Removal ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Abstract In this study, micron zero-valent iron (ZVI) was used to activate persulfate (PS) for the coupled removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) and Cu2+. It was observed that the removal of RhB could be significantly enhanced with Cu2+ compared with that of the case without Cu2+. In addition, the reaction reduced the RhB by 96% within 10 min, and meanwhile reduced the Cu2+ by 60% within 120 min. Investigation of the mechanism revealed that, on the one hand, Cu2+ species could be turned into Cu0 and Cu+ species; on the other hand, PS and Cu2+ could first accelerate the corrosion of ZVI to release Fe2+. Then, in situ generated Cu+ and Fe2+ further decomposed PS to produce ·SO4− and ·OH, which could take part in the removal of RhB. In addition, the ZVI/PS/Cu2+ system also showed a wider pH working range than the ZVI/PS system. Our study proved that simultaneous removal of heavy metal and organic compound in the ZVI/PS/Cu2+ system was feasible.

scholarly journals Productivity of the hired and family labour and determinants of technical inefficiency in Ghana’s fish farms

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.E. Onumah ◽  
B. Brümmer ◽  
G. Hörstgen-Schwark
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Technical Inefficiency ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Pond Type ◽  
Frontier Production Function ◽  
Enhancing Production

This paper examines the productivity of hired and family labour and determinants of technical inefficiency of fish farms in Ghana. A modified Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function which accounts for zero usage of family and hired labour is employed on cross-sectional data of 150 farmers collected in 2007. The results reveal that family labour, hired labour, feed, seed, land, other costs and extension visit have a reasserting influence on fish farm production. Findings also show that family and hired labour used for fish farming production in Ghana may be equally productive. The combined effects of operational and farm specific factors (age, experience, land, gender, pond type and education) influence technical inefficiency although individual effects of some variables may not be significant. Mean technical efficiency is estimated to be 79 percent. Given the present state of technology and input level, the possibility of enhancing production can be achieved by reducing technical inefficiency by 21 percent through adoption of practices of the best fish farm.

Enhancement of Design Criteria for Fish Farm Facilities Including Operations

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Are Johan Berstad ◽  
Harald Tronstad ◽  
Stein-Arne Sivertsen ◽  
Endre Leite
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Mooring System ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Farming Industry

A Norwegian Standard NS 9415 (NAS, 2003) has been introduced to the offshore fish farming industry in Norway. This is the first standard dealing with offshore fish farm facilities. The main objective of the standard is to reduce environmental pollution by fish escape. The work process leading to NS 9415 revealed the need for research work in several areas to enhance design criteria with the objective of having a consistent safety level through out the life cycle of a fish farm facility. This paper presents results from a government supported research project with the objective of enhancing criteria for design and operation of fish farm facilities. A case study of a fish farm facility representative for the majority of polyethylene based fish farms in Norway is presented and the sensitivity of such fish farms to variation in the mooring system is shown and discussed for design relevance. The sensitivity of net cage volume to current and weights is presented and discussed. Possible hazards from operational conditions are listed.

scholarly journals Turning visitors into users. Strategies for the museum in the 21st century

1970 ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
James M. Bradburne
Keyword(s):  
Informal Learning ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Museum Collection ◽  
Museum Visit ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Enormous Number ◽  
Visitor Numbers

Our museums are in crisis - assailed on two sides by changes that threaten the very core of the institutions mission. On the one hand, museums, the repositories of the real are becoming victims of their own success. The enormous number of visitors drawn to large museums by 'blockbuster' exhibitions and aggressive marketing now makes it almost impossible for those visitors to experience the museum collection in any but the most trivial sense. On the other hand, many smaller museums are seeing visitor numbers drop drastically, as the museum visit is considered to be 'old-fashioned: and many new educational opportunities formerly provided by the museum visit are now available, at home, on the computer. It is the position of this paper that to survive into the next century, our museums must augment those experiences which can only be had in situ, while aggressively exploiting new approaches to informal learning. 

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