Enhancement of Design Criteria for Fish Farm Facilities Including Operations

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Are Johan Berstad ◽  
Harald Tronstad ◽  
Stein-Arne Sivertsen ◽  
Endre Leite
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Mooring System ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Farming Industry

A Norwegian Standard NS 9415 (NAS, 2003) has been introduced to the offshore fish farming industry in Norway. This is the first standard dealing with offshore fish farm facilities. The main objective of the standard is to reduce environmental pollution by fish escape. The work process leading to NS 9415 revealed the need for research work in several areas to enhance design criteria with the objective of having a consistent safety level through out the life cycle of a fish farm facility. This paper presents results from a government supported research project with the objective of enhancing criteria for design and operation of fish farm facilities. A case study of a fish farm facility representative for the majority of polyethylene based fish farms in Norway is presented and the sensitivity of such fish farms to variation in the mooring system is shown and discussed for design relevance. The sensitivity of net cage volume to current and weights is presented and discussed. Possible hazards from operational conditions are listed.

scholarly journals Economics of ornamental fish farming industry in Madurai District, Tamil Nadu

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Umamaheswari ◽  
M. Rajakumar ◽  
P. Chidambaram
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Ornamental Fish ◽  
Expected Profit ◽  
Profit Margin ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Farming Industry ◽  
Ranking Technique

India has enormous potential for the development of ornamental fish business. Although the country has conducive environmental conditions for breeding and culture of ornamental fishes, its share in export of ornamental fishes is less than 1%. The present study was undertaken to address the constraints prevailing in ornamental fish farming. Study was carried out among 44 ornamental fish farms in Madurai District, Tamil Nadu by adopting random sampling technique. The selected farms were classified into small (<0.5 ha) and medium farms (0.5-2 ha) and the data were collected by personally interviewing the fish farmers. The study attempted to analyse the socio-economic characteristics of respondents, existing supply chain, constraints involved in ornamental fish farming, annual revenue loss due to major constraints, treatment cost and expected profit margin. Various constraints were classified as production, marketing and others and were ranked using Garrett ranking technique. Tabular and percentage analyses were used to estimate the cost of treatment, revenue loss and expected profit margin. Four types of marketing channels were observed in the study area. Disease outbreak was found to be the major constraint faced by the farmers and hence, the revenue loss was estimated for the same. The annual revenue loss was found to be higher for the small ornamental units when compared to medium farms, which showed higher profit margin than small ornamental fish farms.

scholarly journals Understanding the Biogeochemical Impacts of Fish Farms Using a Benthic-Pelagic Model

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2384
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Yakushev ◽  
Philip Wallhead ◽  
Paul Renaud ◽  
Alisa Ilinskaya ◽  
Elizaveta Protsenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
Transformation Model ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Benthic Biogeochemistry ◽  
Farming Industry

Sustainable development of the salmon farming industry requires knowledge of the biogeochemical impacts of fish farm emissions. To investigate the spatial and temporal scales of farm impacts on the water column and benthic biogeochemistry, we coupled the C-N-P-Si-O-S-Mn-Fe transformation model BROM with a 2-dimensional benthic-pelagic transport model (2DBP), considering vertical and horizontal transport in the water and upper 5 cm of sediments along a 10 km transect centered on a fish farm. The 2DBP model was forced by hydrophysical model data for the Hardangerfjord in western Norway. Model simulations showed reasonable agreement with field data from the Hardangerfjord in August 2016 (correlations between the model and observations were significant for most variables, and model biases were mostly <35%). The model predicted significant impacts on seafloor biogeochemistry up to 1 km from the fish farm (e.g., increased organic matter in sediments, oxygen depletion in bottom water and sediments, denitrification, metal and sulfur reduction), as well as detectable decreases in oxygen and increases in ammonium, phosphate and organic matter in the surface water near to the fish farm.

Parasitological monitoring of fish farm factories

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Наумова ◽  
A. Naumova ◽  
Наумова ◽  
A. Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors

Objective of research: to perform the parasitological monitoring we have to study the parasite fauna in fishes from different fish farm factories, calculate the index of similarity, estimate the influence of abiotic and biotic factors on the ecosystem of fish-breeding reservoirs. Materials and methods: parasitological monitoring of factory fish farms was conducted by the method of complete and incomplete parasitological examination taking into account the data obtained from various fish-breeding reservoirs. Results and discussion: the parasite fauna of cyprinid fishes is represented by 56 species, carriage of causative agents of parasitic diseases in fishes is detected. Index of similarity of parasite fauna in carps has been studied and typification of agricultural reservoirs carried out. Index of similarity between the parasite fauna in carp and herbivorous fish was 22–33 %, carp and rough fish - 18–30,7 %. Influence of abiotic (oxidability, reduction of oxygen and nitrogen ammonia concentration, mineralization) and biotic – anthropogenic factors (violation of processing technologies, veterinary and sanitary rules of fish transport and fish farming operations) on fish infestation with parasites was studied. The role of parasitological monitoring in prevention and elimination of fish diseases was shown.

A River Full of Fish: Industrial Catfish Production and the Decline of Commercial Fishing on the Upper Mississippi River

2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Randy Ziegenhorn
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Upper Mississippi River ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
Farming Industry ◽  
River Communities ◽  
River Fish

This paper explores the decline of commercial fishing on the upper Mississippi River. For much of the 20th century fishing provided work for many in river communities and an important buffer against fluctuations in the regional economy. In the late 1960s the introduction of pond-raised catfish from newly created fish farms in the southern United States created a source of uniform, mild-flavored, and untainted fish that satisfied the preferences of both the food industry and consumers. Demand for river fish, in particular catfish, collapsed. Today fish are plentiful in the Mississippi but low prices offer little incentive to independent fishers. Some fish processors, faced with declining local demand, have stepped up sales of river fish to markets as far away as New York. Other processors have opted not to fight the fish-farming industry and now distribute pond-raised catfish. This paper explores the complex social and economic forces that have reshaped local economies and the ecology of the river itself.

Numerical Investigation on the Cage-to-Cage Wake Effect: A Case Study of a 4 × 2 Cage Array

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaesub Sim ◽  
Hui Cheng ◽  
Karl Gunnar Aarsæther ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Muk Chen Ong
Keyword(s):  
Drag Force ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Wake Effect ◽  
Cage System ◽  
Flow Interactions ◽  
Wake Effects ◽  
Fish Cages ◽  
Cage Fish

Abstract Aquaculture has been the world’s fastest-growing food producing method and grown to become the second-largest export industry in Norway during the past 40 years. Usually, the high-value fish such as Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) is raised in a multi-cage fish farm, where the flow interactions between fish cages exist. In this study, the interactions between fish cages are implemented into the numerical program, FhSim, to investigate its influences on the responses of a multi-cage fish farm. Tensions in anchor lines, drag force, and cultivation volume of each cage in a full-scale 4 × 2 multi-cage fish farms under different flow directions are analyzed numerically. The discrepancies of the responses based on three cases, i.e., (i) without any wake effects, (ii) with only cage-to-cage wake effect, and (iii) with all the wake effects, are compared and discussed. The results indicate that neglecting the wake effects will overestimate the total drag force of the eight cages up to 128% and underestimate the total cultivation volume of the eight cages as much as 42%. This study can provide suggestions on how to consider the wake effects during the design of the multiple-cage system.

scholarly journals Productivity of the hired and family labour and determinants of technical inefficiency in Ghana’s fish farms

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.E. Onumah ◽  
B. Brümmer ◽  
G. Hörstgen-Schwark
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Technical Inefficiency ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Pond Type ◽  
Frontier Production Function ◽  
Enhancing Production

This paper examines the productivity of hired and family labour and determinants of technical inefficiency of fish farms in Ghana. A modified Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function which accounts for zero usage of family and hired labour is employed on cross-sectional data of 150 farmers collected in 2007. The results reveal that family labour, hired labour, feed, seed, land, other costs and extension visit have a reasserting influence on fish farm production. Findings also show that family and hired labour used for fish farming production in Ghana may be equally productive. The combined effects of operational and farm specific factors (age, experience, land, gender, pond type and education) influence technical inefficiency although individual effects of some variables may not be significant. Mean technical efficiency is estimated to be 79 percent. Given the present state of technology and input level, the possibility of enhancing production can be achieved by reducing technical inefficiency by 21 percent through adoption of practices of the best fish farm.

The reverse precautionary principle: science, the environment and the salmon aquaculture industry in Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania, Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie B. Kirkpatrick ◽  
Lorne K. Kriwoken ◽  
Jennifer Styger
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Sea Level Pressure ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Marked Decline ◽  
World Heritage Area ◽  
Tasmanian Endemic ◽  
Industry Needs ◽  
Heritage Area

Science is frequently used by opposing sides in environment–development debates. Scientific input from an environmental perspective can be inhibited if those in favour of development control research funding. We test whether such a situation can result in outcomes desired by neither of the protagonists, and seek to identify how negative outcomes can be avoided, using the example of fish farming in Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania. A marked decline in dissolved oxygen (DO) at 19–21m depth in Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania, occurred between 2009 and 2011. DO continues to be low. DO change was associated with changes in the benthic biota, with effects extending from fish farms into the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area and threatening a Tasmanian endemic fish. The reverse precautionary response of industry and government was to undertake further research because the causes of the changes were not fully understood. We present simple graphs and analyses that suggest that the only substantial predictor of benthic DO reduction is fish production from marine farms, with variability in discharge, catchment rainfall, wind speed, sea surface temperatures and sea level pressure having no effect. Adaptive management of fish farming in Macquarie Harbour seems to require an estuary-wide approach rather than the current attention to the effects of single pens. The broader implications of the case study are that the science related to the environmental impacts of an industry needs to be undertaken by scientists in secure positions funded independently of industry and government.

scholarly journals Accuracy of Simplified Methods for Fatigue Damage Estimation of Exposed Fish Farms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Slagstad ◽  
Pål Takle Bore ◽  
Jørgen Amdahl
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Damage Estimation ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Traditional Design ◽  
Modeling Techniques ◽  
Simplified Procedures

Abstract Fish farms are being placed in more exposed locations than earlier, encouraged by the “development licenses” that the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries have introduced. Traditional design methods for estimating fatigue damage for fish farms are based on formulations given in the code NS - 9415 Marine fish farms. These methods are initially developed for sheltered areas and may not give an adequate level of safety in more exposed locations, where the dynamic response from waves is of greater importance. Accurate calculations using state of the art methods are very time consuming both with respect to man hours, but especially with regard to CPU consumption. Hence, for practical design, simplified procedures, such as combination of the design wave method with an assumed Weibull distribution, are often used to limit the complexity of the analysis as well as the costs. To the authors knowledge, the accuracy of such simplified methods is not well documented for exposed fish farms and with limited full-scale experience it is difficult to conclude that the desired safety level is achieved. This paper addresses this problem by investigating the accuracy of simplified methods to estimate the fatigue damage. A case study of a modern fish farm concept for exposed waters is performed where the simplified methods are compared to more complex time-domain analyses using state of the art modeling techniques.

scholarly journals Mollusk Shell Debris Accumulation in the Seabed Derived from Coastal Fish Farming

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Sanchez-Jerez ◽  
Lotte Krüger ◽  
Nuria Casado-Coy ◽  
Carlos Valle ◽  
Carlos Sanz-Lazaro
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Debris Accumulation ◽  
Zone Of Influence ◽  
The One ◽  
Underwater Camera

Fish farm facilities become colonized by biofouling, and in situ cleaning activities may increase the accumulation of biofouling, mostly shell-hash, on the sediment. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the effect of fish farming on this process. We evaluated the effect of fish farming on shell-hash accumulation on sediments in three fish farms in the Western Mediterranean in Spain. On the one hand, coverage of non-degraded shell on the seabed was estimated using an underwater camera attached to a frame of 1 × 1 m. On the other hand, superficial sediment samples were taken by a Van-Veen grab, and from a subsample, shell-hash was sorted at the laboratory, dried, and weighted. A significant increase of shells on sediment was detected under fish farms compared with the other treatments, with average values of 53 g kg-1, and 1.12% of cover. Shell-hash at zones close to the fish farm cages (Zone of Influence located between 40 to 60 m from the closest cage) did not show statistical differences compared to the reference zones, 300–500 m away from the concession limits, but the shell cover showed statistical differences. Fish farming activities produce a local increase in the sedimentation rate of shells under the cages. The derived ecological consequences of this accumulation need to be further studied.

scholarly journals The benefits of development cage fish farming

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 09006
Author(s):  
Umida Sangirova ◽  
Zulfiya Khafizova ◽  
Iskandar Yunusov ◽  
Barna Rakhmankulova ◽  
Umirzok Kholiyorov
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Farming Industry

The fishing industry has a special role in the development of the agricultural economy. Fish farming in cages is currently very important and is a promising and economically profitable form of growing marketable fish. The fishing industry has many advantages, such as beneficial effects on the health of the population, on the environment, and on the world’s economy. Activities carried out in the fish farming industry provide ample opportunities. These activities are the organization of fish farming clusters, the use of intensive methods and resource-saving technologies, the transportation of compound feed and mineral fertilizers to fish farms. Intensive fish farming can reduce the cost of fish and maintain the existence of many types of commercial fish.

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