scholarly journals Coastal Scenic Evaluation of Continental Ecuador and Galapagos Islands: Human Impacts and Management Issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 468
Author(s):  
Carlos Mestanza-Ramón ◽  
Giorgio Anfuso ◽  
J. Adolfo Chica-Ruiz ◽  
Alexis Mooser ◽  
Camilo M. Botero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Impacts ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Galapagos Islands ◽  
Class I ◽  
Galápagos Islands ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class V ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Analysis ◽  
Scenic Value

The scenery, safety, facilities, water quality and litter quantities in coastal areas are relevant and determining elements in the choice of a tourist destination. This paper focused on the evaluation of coastal scenic value in 55 and 12 sites respectively located in continental Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands. The information obtained gives public administrators and coastal managers the relevant data to avoid further environmental degradation and suggests measures to improve the present scenic value of tourist destinations. The methodology used was based on the analysis of 26 physical/human factors and applied fuzzy logic analysis and weighting matrices that allowed the sites to be classified into five classes, from Class I (natural areas with superior scenic characteristics) to Class V (poor scenic areas with relevant impact of human interventions). The most attractive beaches were in the Galapagos Islands due to the magnificent physical and environmental characteristics, while the Esmeraldas province presented sites of lower scenic beauty due to the low natural scenic value and the increase of human impacts. In total, 22% (15 out of 67) of the beaches investigated belonged to Class I, 12% (8) to Class II and 15% (10) to Class III. The last two classes included 51% of the beaches (i.e., 34 out of 67), of which 31% (21) was in Class IV and 20% (13) in Class V. Such results provide local managers and planners a solid inventory on coastal scenic characteristics and baseline information for any envisaged subsequent management plan.

scholarly journals Novel Class of Mutations of pilS Mutants, Encoding Plasmid R64 Type IV Prepilin: Interface of PilS-PilV Interactions

2007 ◽  
Vol 190 (4) ◽  
pp. 1202-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eriko Shimoda ◽  
Tatsuya Muto ◽  
Takayuki Horiuchi ◽  
Nobuhisa Furuya ◽  
Teruya Komano
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Type Iv Pili ◽  
Class I ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class V ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Prepilin Peptidase ◽  
Class Iv ◽  
Plasmid R64

ABSTRACT The type IV pili of plasmid R64 belonging to the type IVB group are required only for liquid mating. They consist of the major and minor components PilS pilin and PilV adhesin, respectively. PilS pilin is first synthesized as a 22-kDa prepilin from the pilS gene and is then processed to a 19-kDa mature pilin by PilU prepilin peptidase. In a previous genetic analysis, we identified four classes of the pilS mutants (T. Horiuchi and T. Komano, J. Bacteriol. 180:4613-4620, 1998). The products of the class I pilS mutants were not processed by prepilin peptidase; the products of the class II mutants were not secreted; in the class III mutants type IV pili with reduced activities in liquid mating were produced; and in the class IV mutants type IV pili with normal activities were produced. Here, we describe a novel class, class V, of pilS mutants. Mutations in the pilS gene at Gly-56 or Tyr-57 produced type IV pili lacking PilV adhesin, which were inactive in liquid mating. Residues 56 and 57 of PilS pilin are suggested to function as an interface of PilS-PilV interactions.

Morphology classification of circulating tumor cells could be a predictor of recurrent disease in patients with non-small cell lung cancer after surgery.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15530-e15530
Author(s):  
Yun Wu ◽  
Yuxu Niu ◽  
Fanzhen Lv ◽  
Wen Gao ◽  
Xiaoyong Shen
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Recurrent Disease ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class V ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Class Iv

e15530 Background: CTCs have been widely used in monitoring the efficacy and prognosis of lung cancer. However, CTCs number count alone cannot accurately predict the recurrent disease in patients. In this study, we investigate whether the morphology classification of CTCs could be as a prognostic marker for increased risk of recurrence after surgery. Methods: In this study, 105 lung cancer patients (median age 68y) who underwent surgery were prospectively enrolled in this study. Samples were obtained before, after, and serially up to 24 months after surgery. CTCs were collected and morphology classified by utilizing a CTC test workflow which uses negative enrichment and immunofluorescence methods to capture and identify CTCs from blood sample. Captured CTCs (epithelial type) were screened with a customized imaging analysis pipeline, a cytological profile of each CTC was created, including cell size, shape, fluorescent intensity and texture etc. Results: The CTC detection rate was 78.1% (78 of 105) prior to surgery, and a total of 726 CTCs were enumerated. Median CTC count number was 3. 5 classes of CTCs with distinct morphological features were observed in lung cancer patients’ CTC tests, briefly, CTC class I and class II possessed large nuclei but relatively lower epithelial expression level, CTC class III, IV, V possessed small nuclei but relatively higher epithelial expression level, CTC class III possessed irregular shaped nuclei, CTC class V possessed relatively lower nuclei/cytoplasm ratio. Class III accounted for the highest proportion of captured CTCs III, about 35.5% with Class I 14.8%, Class II 15.3%,Class IV 17.8% and Class 5 16.6%. Postoperative recurrence and metastasis were observed in 16 patients. CTCs positive were found in 14 patients (87.5%). 145 CTCs were collected, Median CTC count number was 3,Cluster III accounted for 47.3%, with Class I 11.8%,Class II 13.3%,Class IV 14.5% and Class V 11.8%; Patients with Cluster 3 dominant were associated with increased risk of local recurrence ( p < 0.05) and distant metastasis ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: Small and irregular nuclei CTC is significant associated with increased risk of recurrence disease. Morphology Classification of circulating tumor cells is feasible in monitoring the recurrence of disease and may potentially identify the patients who may benefit from further therapy.

Research on Evaluation of the Landscape and its Functions in Houtan Park of the World Exposition 2010 Shanghai, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 4061-4073
Author(s):  
Yin Jiang Zhang ◽  
Yue Dong ◽  
Pei Min He ◽  
Kong Jian Yu ◽  
Jing Jin
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Class V ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
The World ◽  
World Exposition ◽  
Inferior Class

Construction of urban waterscape parks based on ecological concepts and functions is becoming the tendency of modern urban parks. Unfortunately, there are no suitable evaluation systems for these parks. This study establishes a comprehensive evaluation system for a landscape and its functions via the analytic hierarchy process and the comprehensive index method. The evaluation model consisted of 3 evaluation indexes and 23 evaluation indicators relevant to the landscape characteristics of Houtan Park of the World Exposition 2010 Shanghai, China. The evaluation indicators were monitored from 2006 to 2010, and the results of the investigation led to the following conclusions: the park fulfills a range of desirable functions, and ranks high in aesthetic, economic and societal values; ecological functions were applied well within the landscape, and following ecological restoration and the construction of a functional aquatic ecosystem, the water quality of Houtan River has been continuously purified from inferior class V~ class V to class III~ class I range, while the heavy metals in the sediment were improved from inferior class V~ class V to class I; the biodiversity was improved from 0.72 into 1.49; and the results for other indicators were improved overall. In general, the comprehensive score of the evaluation increased from 1.227 to 4.341. Although minor problems remain to be solved, the results indicate that the design concept and construction methods applied in Houtan Park are well applicable to sustainable landscapes, and the evaluation system as a whole can be extended and applied in similar cases.

Direct Restorative Material Use of Selected Practitioners in the United Kingdom

2002 ◽  
Vol os9 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A Brunton ◽  
Reinhard Hickel ◽  
Nairn HF Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Resin Composite ◽  
Postal Questionnaire ◽  
Class I ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Class V ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Materials Used

Purpose of the Investigation To investigate, by questionnaire, the direct restorative materials used by a sample of practitioners from the Unite d Kingdom. Basic Procedures A postal questionnaire was distributed to a group of self-selected practitioners, who volunteered to participate in the study. In all 110 practitioners participated in the study. Main Findings The most used material for the restoration of occlusal (Class I) and approximal (Class II) lesions was amalgam with 61% and 73% of practitioners indicating that they used amalgam in this situation. Adhesive tooth-coloured materials, specifically composites and compomers, were preferred by the majority of practitioners for anterior approximal (Class III) and incisal (Class IV) restorations with compomer preferred for Class V restorations including non-carious cervical lesions and for the restoration of primary teeth. Principal Conclusions It is concluded that the general practitioners surveyed in this study tend to use amalgam for the restoration of Class I and II lesions as opposed to resin composite. The majority of practitioners in this study used compomers, a relatively new group of restorative materials, with little evidence of traditional glass-ionomer cements being used routinely.

scholarly journals MP32: The Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) score and disposition decisions in Calgary emergency departments

CJEM ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
pp. S76
Author(s):  
S. Brunet ◽  
D. Wang ◽  
E. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class V ◽  
Risk Class ◽  
Class Iv

Introduction: The Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) score predicts short-term mortality from pulmonary embolism and low-risk patients suitable for home therapy. However, it is unknown if it is a driver for disposition decisions for emergency department (ED) patients. The primary objective of this study was to define the relationship between disposition decisions and the PESI score in Calgary zone hospitals. Methods: The PESI score was calculated retrospectively for 576 patients presenting to one of four Calgary zone hospitals for pulmonary embolism over the last 2 years. The calculated PESI score allowed the mortality risk of each patient to be estimated for very low risk (Class I, 0-1.6% 30-day mortality rate), low risk (Class II, 1.7-3.5% 30-day mortality rate), intermediate risk (Class III, 3.2-7.1% 30-day mortality rate), high risk (Class IV, 4.0-11.4% 30-day mortality rate), and very high risk (Class V, 10.0- 24.5% 30- day mortality rate). The patients were grouped based on being admitted to the hospital for inpatient care, or discharged for outpatient care. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data. Results: Of the 576 patients, 317 (55%) were discharged and 259 (45%) were admitted to the hospital for inpatient care. Among admitted patients, 20.5% were considered Class I, 29.3% were Class II, 24.3% were Class III, 17.6% were Class IV, and 8.1% were Class V. Among discharged patients, 53.9 % were Class I, 25.6% were Class II, 15.5% were Class III, 4.4% were Class IV, and 0.6% were Class V. Of the 25 very high-risk (Class V) patients, 2 (8.0%) were discharged from the ED and treated as outpatients. Of the 223 very low risk (Class I) patients, 171 (76.7%) were discharged and 52 (23.3%) were admitted to hospital. Conclusion: A significant percentage of pulmonary embolism patients admitted to Calgary Zone hospital wards are PESI low risk (29.3%) or very low risk (20.5%). Implementation of a PESI score-based disposition pathway could improve the safety, cost-effectiveness and quality of ED disposition decisions for PE.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KESULITAN GURU DALAM MENERAPKAN PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK DI SD NEGERI 30 PEKANBARU

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Rahma Yanti
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class V ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Interesting Conclusion ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Public Primary School

Abstrac: The scientific approach is one method that must be used in learning in the 2013 curriculum, but in reality not all teachers can apply a scientific approach to each learning process. This is because teachers still have difficulty applying the scientific approach, and some still do not understand the concept of each step of the scientific approach. Descriptive qualitative research aims to identify, and then collect, the factors for teachers' difficulties in using learning with a scientific approach in Pekanbaru public elementary school 30 with data collection techniques through observation and interviewing and documentation using data analysis techniques Reduce data, then present data and finally make interesting conclusion. Teachers at Pekanbaru Public Primary School 30 still have difficulty implementing various activities in the scientific approach. This is evident from several scientific approach activities that have not been carried out, e.g. For example, the survey activities in Class I, II, III, IV during the first and third observation and Class V at the first observation were not performed. No experimental activities were also carried out in Class II and III of the first and third surveys. Likewise, in the second observation no communication activities were carried out in class I, in class II in each observation and in class III in the first and second observations.

Evaluation of Speech in Patients with Partial Surgically Acquired Defects: Pre and Post Prosthetic Obturation

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.O. Arigbede ◽  
O.O. Dosumu ◽  
O.P. Shaba ◽  
T.A. Esan
Keyword(s):  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class V ◽  
Speech Disturbance ◽  
Speech Rehabilitation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Maxillary Defects ◽  
Tissue Conditioner

Abstract Aim Maxillectomy often results in a high level of morbidity with significant psychological and functional implications for the patient. Such disabilities include inability to masticate, deglutition, and speech disturbance. Unfortunately, little is known about the nature of the speech disturbance and the influence of the class of surgical defects in this group of patients. The aims of the present study were to assess the effectiveness of the maxillary obturator as a speech rehabilitation aid and to examine the influence of the classes of surgical defects on speech intelligibility (SI). Materials and Methods Twelve patients aged between 18 and 60 years with surgically acquired partial maxillary defects were included in this study. The patients were given immediate surgical obturators six to ten days after surgery, which were then converted to interim obturators by relining with tissue conditioner. Interim prostheses were used for two to three months until healing and resorption were found satisfactory after which the definitive obturators were fabricated. The SI test described by Plank et al.1 and Wheeler et al.8 was employed in this study. There were significant improvements in the mean SI score from 59.8% without prosthetic obturation, to 89.2% following interim obturation, and 94.7% following definitive obturation (p<0.005). Nine patients (75%) had class I surgical defects, two patients (16.67%) had class II defects, while only one patient (8.33%) had a class VI surgical defect. None of the patients had class III, IV, or class V surgical defects. There was an improvement in the SI score from class I to class VI without obturation, after insertion of interim obturator, and after insertion of the definitive obturator. Conclusion Results support the widely held view that the maxillary obturator is a useful speech rehabilitation aid. It also shows immediate, interim, and definitive obturators are all important in the speech rehabilitation of patients with surgically acquired maxillary defects. Moreover SI is affected by the class of defect. Citation Arigbede AO, Dosumu OO, Shaba OP, Esan TA. Evaluation of Speech in Patients with Partial Surgically Acquired Defects: Pre and Post Prosthetic Obturation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 February;(7) 1:089-096.

scholarly journals ASSESING GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B8 ◽  
pp. 733-737
Author(s):  
D. Orellana ◽  
F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Galapagos Islands ◽  
Galápagos Islands ◽  
Island Conservation ◽  
Geographical Isolation ◽  
Galapagos Archipelago ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The One

The Galapagos Archipelago is one of the most important ecological spots in the planet due its unique biodiversity, active geology, and relatively well-preserved ecosystems. These characteristics are strongly based on the geographical isolation of the islands. On the one hand this isolation allowed the evolution processes that gave the islands their international fame and on the other hand it kept them from major human impacts that affected the vast majority of the Earth’s surface. Galapagos’ geographical isolation is therefore of mayor value, but it is rapidly diminishing due to the increase of marine and air transportation among islands and with the rest of the world. This increased accessibility implies enhanced risks for the ecological dynamics on the archipelago (e.g. increased risk of biological invasions, uncontrolled tourism growth, more water and energy consumption). Here, we introduce a general accessibility model to assess geographical isolation of the Galapagos Islands. The model aims to characterize accessibility in terms of human mobility by evaluating travel time to each point of the archipelago using all available transportation modalities. Using a multi criteria cost surface for marine and land areas, we estimated travel time for each surface unit using the fastest route and mode of transportation available while considering several friction factors such as surface type, slope, infrastructure, transfer points, legal restrictions, and physical barriers. We created maps to evaluate the isolation of different islands and places, highlighting the potential risks for several habitats and ecosystems. The model can be used for research and decision-making regarding island conservation, such as estimating spreading paths for invasive species, informing decisions on tourism management, and monitoring isolation changes of sensitive ecosystems.

scholarly journals ASSESING GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B8 ◽  
pp. 733-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Orellana ◽  
F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Galapagos Islands ◽  
Galápagos Islands ◽  
Island Conservation ◽  
Geographical Isolation ◽  
Galapagos Archipelago ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The One

The Galapagos Archipelago is one of the most important ecological spots in the planet due its unique biodiversity, active geology, and relatively well-preserved ecosystems. These characteristics are strongly based on the geographical isolation of the islands. On the one hand this isolation allowed the evolution processes that gave the islands their international fame and on the other hand it kept them from major human impacts that affected the vast majority of the Earth’s surface. Galapagos’ geographical isolation is therefore of mayor value, but it is rapidly diminishing due to the increase of marine and air transportation among islands and with the rest of the world. This increased accessibility implies enhanced risks for the ecological dynamics on the archipelago (e.g. increased risk of biological invasions, uncontrolled tourism growth, more water and energy consumption). Here, we introduce a general accessibility model to assess geographical isolation of the Galapagos Islands. The model aims to characterize accessibility in terms of human mobility by evaluating travel time to each point of the archipelago using all available transportation modalities. Using a multi criteria cost surface for marine and land areas, we estimated travel time for each surface unit using the fastest route and mode of transportation available while considering several friction factors such as surface type, slope, infrastructure, transfer points, legal restrictions, and physical barriers. We created maps to evaluate the isolation of different islands and places, highlighting the potential risks for several habitats and ecosystems. The model can be used for research and decision-making regarding island conservation, such as estimating spreading paths for invasive species, informing decisions on tourism management, and monitoring isolation changes of sensitive ecosystems.

scholarly journals Autopsy and premortem diagnostic discrepancy review in an Irish tertiary PICU.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark O'Rahelly ◽  
Michael McDermott ◽  
Martina Healy
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
Class I ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class V ◽  
Autopsy Data ◽  
Discrepancy Rate ◽  
Error Classification ◽  
Post Cardiac Surgery

Abstract Objective: 1) Review ante- and post-mortem diagnoses and assign a Goldman error classification. 2) Establish autopsy rates. Design: A retrospective analysis of autopsies performed on patients who died in Paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) between November 13th 2012 and October 31st 2018. We reviewed medical and autopsy data of all patients and Goldman classification of discrepancy between ante- and post-mortem diagnoses was assigned. Setting: Tertiary PICU. Patients: All patients that died in PICU within the designated timeframe. Interventions: Goldman error classification assignment. Measurements and main results: 396 deaths occurred in PICU from 8,329 (4.75%) admissions. 99 (25%) had an autopsy, 75 required by the coroner. All were included in the study. Fifty-three were male and 46 females. Fifty-three patients were transfers from external hospitals, 46 from our centre. Forty-one were neonates, 32 were <1 year of age, and 26 were >1 year of age. Median length of stay was 3 days. Eighteen were post cardiac surgery, and three post cardiac catheter procedure. Major diagnostic errors (Class I/II) were identified in 14 (14.1%), 2 (2%) Class I, and 12 (12.1%) were Class II errors. Class III and IV errors occurred in 28 (28.2%) patients. Complete concordance (Class V) occurred in 57 (57.5%) cases. Conclusion: The autopsy rate and the diagnostic discrepancy rate within our PICU is comparable to those previously reported. Our findings show the continuing value of autopsy in determining cause of death and providing greater diagnostic clarity. Given their value, post-mortem examinations, where indicated, should be considered part of a physician’s duty of care to families and future patients.

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