Trust Dynamics and Verbal Assurances in Human Robot Physical Collaboration

Trust is the foundation of successful human collaboration. This has also been found to be true for human-robot collaboration, where trust has also influence on over- and under-reliance issues. Correspondingly, the study of trust in robots is usually concerned with the detection of the current level of the human collaborator trust, aiming at keeping it within certain limits to avoid undesired consequences, which is known as trust calibration. However, while there is intensive research on human-robot trust, there is a lack of knowledge about the factors that affect it in synchronous and co-located teamwork. Particularly, there is hardly any knowledge about how these factors impact the dynamics of trust during the collaboration. These factors along with trust evolvement characteristics are prerequisites for a computational model that allows robots to adapt their behavior dynamically based on the current human trust level, which in turn is needed to enable a dynamic and spontaneous cooperation. To address this, we conducted a two-phase lab experiment in a mixed-reality environment, in which thirty-two participants collaborated with a virtual CoBot on disassembling traction batteries in a recycling context. In the first phase, we explored the (dynamics of) relevant trust factors during physical human-robot collaboration. In the second phase, we investigated the impact of robot’s reliability and feedback on human trust in robots. Results manifest stronger trust dynamics while dissipating than while accumulating and highlight different relevant factors as more interactions occur. Besides, the factors that show relevance as trust accumulates differ from those appear as trust dissipates. We detected four factors while trust accumulates (perceived reliability, perceived dependability, perceived predictability, and faith) which do not appear while it dissipates. This points to an interesting conclusion that depending on the stage of the collaboration and the direction of trust evolvement, different factors might shape trust. Further, the robot’s feedback accuracy has a conditional effect on trust depending on the robot’s reliability level. It preserves human trust when a failure is expected but does not affect it when the robot works reliably. This provides a hint to designers on when assurances are necessary and when they are redundant.

BER of Various Modulation Techniques Under Atmospheric Turbulences

Noise in the communication channel is well established to be a threat to digital bit transmission, resulting in many mistakes at the bit level. Different modulation methods are studied in terms of BER, probability of error and SNR to better comprehend this. In the presence of specific levels of noise in the communication channel, this analysis yields an interesting conclusion that advises the employment of particular modulation methods. A comprehensive analysis of several modulation schemes has been considered. Those include On-Off Key modulation (OOK), Binary Phase Shift Key (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Key (QPSK), Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) and 8-Phase Shift Key (8-PSK). This analysis can aid in the selection of a modulation approach based on the channel condition.

The matrix of verb-verb sequences in Tamil

Verb-Verb sequences characterize many types of grammatical constructions in Tamil. A subset of these sequences, called V-V sequences, characterize a predicate construction which is known otherwise as a complex predicate or compound verbs or serial verbs, though these are not identical. This predicate construction is shared by most Indian languages and found also in languages outside India such as Japanese. One of the verbs in the V-V sequence does not have lexical status referentially, or often even structurally. The comparison of Tamil and Japanese shows that the grammatical functions and the structural features of the verb sequence differ from language to language. An interesting conclusion drawn from this comparison is that specific members of each type of the sequence may be distributed differently across a matrix of types. In other words, an instance of a V-V sequence of Type 1 in one language may belong to Type 3 in another language.

Quantization of double enhanced charge phase-slip qubits and quantum entanglement control

The quantization scheme between double enhanced charge phase-slip (ECPS) qubits is given. In this system, there exist quantum entanglement phenomenona. The entanglement characteristic is discussed by employing the concurrence. An interesting conclusion is obtained, i.e., if one desire to change the entanglement between two ECPS qubits, the mutual inductance should be considered first, but it is also a good choice to tune symmetric and asymmetric combination of two gate voltages.

The Need for (Increased) ICT Skills in the Era of Digitalization

Automation and digitalization have had profound effects on job losses as well as on skill requirements in advanced economies. This chapter analyzes the spatial distribution of ICT-skills requirements by analyzing some 73,000 job offers for the Austrian region of Styria. This region is characterized by a large variability of specialization patterns throughout its districts as well as differences regarding population density and infrastructure accessibility. The analysis allows to draw conclusions on the need for both basic and special ICT-skills for different education levels for 287 municipalities. The results also draw light on problems related to the new “digital divide” indicating the phenomenon that people have access to digital infrastructure but not yet acquired the digital competences to find work. One interesting conclusion is also that high-skill ICT-requiring jobs have the highest level of agglomeration – both compared with other skill-levels and with non-ICT related academic job positions.

Luottamus johtamisjärjestelmän uudistamisessa – Narratiivinen tapaustutkimus ei-henkilöityvän luottamuksen kehittymisestä vähittäiskaupan ketjuorganisaatiossa

Trust within the renewal of the management system – A narrative case study on impersonal trust development in retail chain organizationThis article examines and illustrates understanding of the role of trust as intangible resource in organizational renewal. The qualitative case study was conducted in the retail organization undergoing a renewal process. In the prior organization research, trust is recognized supporting change implementation. The theoretical framework draws on the trust research of organizations. Trust is still scarcely studied as impersonal resource from the management system perspective. The data was gathered from managers and supervisors. The findings suggest a transparent management system as the basis of organizational trust. The study makes an interesting conclusion on the development of the nature of trust towards impersonal trust.

ANALISIS KESULITAN GURU DALAM MENERAPKAN PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK DI SD NEGERI 30 PEKANBARU

Abstrac: The scientific approach is one method that must be used in learning in the 2013 curriculum, but in reality not all teachers can apply a scientific approach to each learning process. This is because teachers still have difficulty applying the scientific approach, and some still do not understand the concept of each step of the scientific approach. Descriptive qualitative research aims to identify, and then collect, the factors for teachers' difficulties in using learning with a scientific approach in Pekanbaru public elementary school 30 with data collection techniques through observation and interviewing and documentation using data analysis techniques Reduce data, then present data and finally make interesting conclusion. Teachers at Pekanbaru Public Primary School 30 still have difficulty implementing various activities in the scientific approach. This is evident from several scientific approach activities that have not been carried out, e.g. For example, the survey activities in Class I, II, III, IV during the first and third observation and Class V at the first observation were not performed. No experimental activities were also carried out in Class II and III of the first and third surveys. Likewise, in the second observation no communication activities were carried out in class I, in class II in each observation and in class III in the first and second observations.

Pengaruh Pembiayaan Mudharabah Dan Pembiayaan Musyarakah Terhadap Return Of Asset (Roa) Pada Bank Syariah Mandiri

The study aims to determine the effect of Mudharabah Financing and Musyarakah Financing on Return of Assets (RoA) in Bank Mandiri Syariah in 2014-2018. The method of data collection in the subject of research was obtained by tabulating secondary data in the form of financial statements at Bank Mandiri Syariah in 2014 - 2018. The quantitative method of data analysis was done by processing SPSS software data in the form of classic assumption testing, testing F test statistics and testing t test to draw interesting conclusion. The results of this study indicate Mudharabah Financing and Musyarakah Financing have a positive influence on Return of Assets (RoA) in Bank Mandiri Syariah in 2014-2018 both partially and simultaneously.

Evaluating colour preference of lighting with an empty light booth

In our recent work, the colour preference of several LED white lights with different correlated colour temperatures (CCT) was investigated with a wide selection of objects. The results highlighted the dominant effect of light itself on the colour preference of lighting. In this study, we similarly implemented two psychophysical experiments with the same lights but with nothing in the light booth. It was found that the subjective ratings for the lit environment of the empty booth were quite close to those of the previous studies that used various coloured objects. Such a finding corroborates our former conclusion that light dominates colour preference and we suspect that this finding can be attributed either to the colour memory of the observers or to the subconscious effect of human vision. Thus, it seems that for general multi-CCT conditions where the light sources do not have very different gamut shapes or object desaturation/oversaturation properties, the preferred white light could be determined by simply asking the observers to rate their preference for the lit environment of the empty light booth. To verify this wild and interesting conclusion and further clarify its applicability, follow-up studies are needed.

Noble Gases Encaged by the C60 Increase Their Chemical Reactivity

In this work, we use a spherical shell with an attractive potential to simulate the C₆₀ and its effects on, He, Ne, Ar and Kr when each atom is in the center of the sphere. Within the Kohn-Sham model, two exchange-correlation functionals were used; the main difference between these two functionals is that one incorporates explicitly the self-interaction correction and the correct asymptotic behavior of the exchange-correlation potential, and the other one does not contain such corrections. We found that the considered atoms are softer inside of the cage than when they are free. By using several chemical reactivity predictors as the electrodonating and electroaccepting powers, defined by Professor Gázquez <em>et al</em>. (<em>J. Phys. Chem. A</em> 2007, <em>111</em>, 1966), it is proved that the noble gases increase their chemical reactivity when they are immersed in the C₆₀. Naturally, this conjecture must be confirmed by more realistic models, but at first glance this is a very interesting conclusion and opens a new possibility to obtain reactions with encaged inert gases.