scholarly journals The Application of UVC Used in Synergy with Surface Material to Prevent Marine Biofouling

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 662
Author(s):  
Kailey N. Richard ◽  
Kelli Z. Hunsucker ◽  
Harrison Gardner ◽  
Kris Hickman ◽  
Geoffrey Swain
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Surface Material ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Marine Biofouling ◽  
Marine Coatings ◽  
Surface Materials ◽  
Ultraviolet C ◽  
Steel Panels

Biofouling is problematic for the shipping industry and can lead to functional and financial setbacks. One possible means of biofouling prevention is the use of ultraviolet-C (UVC) light. Previous studies have investigated UVC with marine coatings, but the synergistic effect with color and surface material, specifically reflectance, has yet to be determined. This study comprised three parts: UVC and color (red vs. white), UVC and reflectance (stainless steel vs. polycarbonate), and UVC and exposure intervals (weekly intervals and 10 min intervals). There was no variance in the biofouling communities for colored surfaces when exposed to 254 nm UVC. Reflectance studies demonstrated that the surface material plays a role in biofouling settlement. Stainless steel panels had significantly greater macrofouling settlement than polycarbonate, specifically among encrusting bryozoan, tubeworms, and tunicate communities. Panels of both surface materials exposed to indirect UVC significantly differed from controls and those exposed directly to UVC. Exposure intervals were also found to reduce biofouling settlement especially with long frequent intervals (i.e., 10 min/day). UVC can be utilized on various colored surfaces and different surface types, but the effectiveness in preventing biofouling is ultimately determined by the duration and frequency of UVC exposure.

Impact of ultraviolet-C and peroxyacetic acid against murine norovirus on stainless steel and lettuce

Food Control ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 108378
Author(s):  
Yoah Moon ◽  
Sangha Han ◽  
Jeong won Son ◽  
Si Hong Park ◽  
Sang-Do Ha
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Murine Norovirus ◽  
Peroxyacetic Acid ◽  
Ultraviolet C

scholarly journals Poly-thiourea formaldehyde based anticorrosion marine coatings on type 304 stainless steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2146-2153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sehrish Kanwal ◽  
Naveed Zafar Ali ◽  
Rizwan Hussain ◽  
Faiz Ullah Shah ◽  
Zareen Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Marine Coatings ◽  
Type 304 ◽  
Type 304 Stainless Steel

scholarly journals One Step Forward towards the Development of Eco-Friendly Antifouling Coatings: Immobilization of a Sulfated Marine-Inspired Compound

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 489
Author(s):  
Cátia Vilas-Boas ◽  
Francisca Carvalhal ◽  
Beatriz Pereira ◽  
Sílvia Carvalho ◽  
Emília Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Natural Seawater ◽  
Chemical Immobilization ◽  
Antifouling Activity ◽  
Marine Biofouling ◽  
Marine Coatings ◽  
Antifouling Coatings ◽  
Environmental Properties ◽  
One Step

Marine biofouling represents a global economic and ecological challenge and few eco-friendly antifouling agents are available. The aim of this work was to establish the proof of concept that a recently synthesized nature-inspired compound (gallic acid persulfate, GAP) can act as an eco-friendly and effective antifoulant when immobilized in coatings through a non-release strategy, promoting a long-lasting antifouling effect. The synthesis of GAP was optimized to provide quantitative yields. GAP water solubility was assessed, showing values higher than 1000 mg/mL. GAP was found to be stable in sterilized natural seawater with a half-life (DT50) of 7 months. GAP was immobilized into several commercial coatings, exhibiting high compatibility with different polymeric matrices. Leaching assays of polydimethylsiloxane and polyurethane-based marine coatings containing GAP confirmed that the chemical immobilization of GAP was successful, since releases up to fivefold lower than the conventional releasing systems of polyurethane-based marine coatings were observed. Furthermore, coatings containing immobilized GAP exhibited the most auspicious anti-settlement effect against Mytilus galloprovincialis larvae for the maximum exposure period (40 h) in laboratory trials. Overall, GAP promises to be an agent capable of improving the antifouling activity of several commercial marine coatings with desirable environmental properties.

Synergistic effect of corrosion and wear of the 316 stainless steel in molten zinc alloy at 460 °C

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 108411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongdi Yu ◽  
Minghui Chen ◽  
Fengjie Li ◽  
Shenglong Zhu ◽  
Fuhui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Corrosion And Wear ◽  
Zinc Alloy ◽  
Molten Zinc ◽  
316 Stainless Steel

scholarly journals Impact of Room Location on UV-C Irradiance and UV-C Dosage and Antimicrobial Effect Delivered by a Mobile UV-C Light Device

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Boyce ◽  
Patricia A. Farrel ◽  
Dana Towle ◽  
Renee Fekieta ◽  
Michael Aniskiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
M 10 ◽  
Surgical Ward ◽  
Ultraviolet C ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Uv C

OBJECTIVETo evaluate ultraviolet C (UV-C) irradiance, UV-C dosage, and antimicrobial effect achieved by a mobile continuous UV-C device.DESIGNProspective observational study.METHODSWe used 6 UV light sensors to determine UV-C irradiance (W/cm2) and UV-C dosage (µWsec/cm2) at various distances from and orientations relative to the UV-C device during 5-minute and 15-minute cycles in an ICU room and a surgical ward room. In both rooms, stainless-steel disks inoculated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), and Clostridium difficile spores were placed next to sensors, and UV-C dosages and log10 reductions of target organisms achieved during 5-minute and 15-minute cycles were determined. Mean irradiance and dosage readings were compared using ANOVA.RESULTSMean UV-C irradiance was nearly 1.0E-03 W/cm2 in direct sight at a distance of 1.3 m (4 ft) from the device but was 1.12E-05 W/cm2 on a horizontal surface in a shaded area 3.3 m (10 ft) from the device (P<.001). Mean UV-C dosages received by UV-C sensors located at different distances and orientation relative to the device varied significantly during 5-minute cycles and during 15-minute cycles (P<.001). Log10 reductions ranged from >4 to 1–3 for MRSA, >4 to 1–2 for VRE and >4 to 0 log10 for C. difficile spores, depending on the distance from, and orientation relative to, the device with 5-minute and 15-minute cycles.CONCLUSIONUV-C irradiance, dosage, and antimicrobial effect received from a mobile UV-C device varied substantially based on location in a room relative to the UV-C device.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:667–672

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