scholarly journals Improving the Performance of Mode-Based Sound Propagation Models by Using Perturbation Formulae for Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 934
Author(s):  
Alena Zakharenko ◽  
Mikhail Trofimov ◽  
Pavel Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Sound Propagation ◽  
Underwater Acoustics ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Normal Modes ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
Field Calculation ◽  
Combined Model ◽  
Eigenvalues And Eigenfunctions ◽  
Propagation Models ◽  
Area Of Interest

Numerous sound propagation models in underwater acoustics are based on the representation of a sound field in the form of a decomposition over normal modes. In the framework of such models, the calculation of the field in a range-dependent waveguide (as well as in the case of 3D problems) requires the computation of normal modes for every point within the area of interest (that is, for each pair of horizontal coordinates x,y). This procedure is often responsible for the lion’s share of total computational cost of the field simulation. In this study, we present formulae for perturbation of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of normal modes under the water depth variations in a shallow-water waveguide. These formulae can reduce the total number of mode computation instances required for a field calculation by a factor of 5–10. We also discuss how these formulae can be used in a combination with a wide-angle mode parabolic equation. The accuracy of such combined model is validated in a series of numerical examples.

scholarly journals Computational aeroacoustics of the EAA benchmark case of an axial fan

Acta Acustica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Stefan Schoder ◽  
Clemens Junger ◽  
Manfred Kaltenbacher
Keyword(s):  
Sound Propagation ◽  
Turbulence Modeling ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
Axial Fan ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Propagation Models ◽  
Term Structures ◽  
Sensor Signals ◽  
Mesh Convergence

This contribution benchmarks the aeroacoustic workflow of the perturbed convective wave equation and the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings analogy in Farassat’s 1A version for a low-pressure axial fan. Thereby, we focus on the turbulence modeling of the flow simulation and mesh convergence concerning the complete aeroacoustic workflow. During the validation, good agreement has been found with the efficiency, the wall pressure sensor signals, and the mean velocity profiles in the duct. The analysis of the source term structures shows a strong correlation to the sound pressure spectrum. Finally, both acoustic sound propagation models are compared to the measured sound field data.

This Submission is for Special Issue on Underwater Acoustics: Perfectly Matched Layer Technique for Parabolic Equation Models in Ocean Acoustics

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 1650021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan-Xiu Xu ◽  
Sheng-Chun Piao ◽  
Shi-E Yang ◽  
Hai-Gang Zhang ◽  
Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Parabolic Equation ◽  
Half Space ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Underwater Acoustics ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Perfectly Matched Layer ◽  
Ocean Bottom ◽  
Field Calculation ◽  
Absorbing Layer

In ocean waveguides, the ocean bottom is usually approximated as a half-space. Thus, there exist no reflection waves at the half-space bottom and condition of radiation at infinity should be satisfied. In numerical solutions like parabolic equation methods, the depth domain has to be truncated, which can generate reflection waves from the truncated ocean bottom. To reduce the effect of reflection waves and to simulate an unbounded ocean bottom accurately, an artificial absorbing layer (ABL) was used. As was demonstrated, an ABL meets well the demand of accuracy in sound field calculation. However, both the sea-bottom layer and the artificial absorbing layer are needed to be set quite thick by using an ABL technique. Fortunately, a PML with several wavelengths can keep similar calculation accuracy with an ABL with dozens of wavelengths. In this paper, perfectly matched layer (PML) techniques for three parabolic equation (PE) models RAM, RAMS and a three-dimensional PE model in underwater acoustics are presented. A key technique of PML “complex coordinate stretching” is used to truncate unbounded domains and to simulate infinity radiation conditions instead of the ABL in those models. The numerical results illustrate that the PML technique is of higher efficiency than the ABL technique at truncating the infinity domain with minimal spurious reflections in PE models.

scholarly journals Numerical and Experimental Studies on Inclined Incidence Parametric Sound Propagation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haisen Li ◽  
Jingxin Ma ◽  
Jianjun Zhu ◽  
Baowei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sound Propagation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Field Calculation ◽  
Sound Beam ◽  
Sound Fields ◽  
Kzk Equation

The Khokhlov–Zabolotskaya–Kuznetsov (KZK) equation has been widely used in the simulation and calculation of nonlinear sound fields. However, the accuracy of KZK equation reduced due to the deflection of the direction of the sound beam when the sound beam is inclined incidence. In this paper, an equivalent sound source model is proposed to make the calculation direction of KZK calculation model consistent with the sound propagation direction after acoustic refraction, so as to improve the accuracy of sound field calculation under the inclined incident conditions. The theoretical research and pool experiment verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

NON-PARABOLIC MARCHING ALGORITHM FOR SOUND FIELD CALCULATION IN THE OCEAN WAVEGUIDE

1996 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 399-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. VORONOVICH
Keyword(s):  
Sound Propagation ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Numerical Algorithms ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Couple Mode ◽  
Field Calculation ◽  
Piecewise Constant ◽  
S Matrix ◽  
Piecewise Constant Approximation

An algorithm is presented for calculating sound field in the inhomogeneous ocean waveguide. It does not involve parabolic approximation and can be considered as principally exact (at least for 2D inhomogeneities of the sound speed field). On the other hand, it is “marching” and can be easily implemented as a computer code (note, that marching in this case proceeds in “backward” direction, i.e. towards the source). Those features of the code are similar to couple mode algorithm (COUPLE) developed originally by R. Evans. The principal difference is that suggested code does not assume piecewise constant approximation of the waveguide properties with respect to horizontal coordinates. As a result, the horizontal steps of marching can be increased significantly. The estimate of the efficiency of the approach as compared to stepwise couple modes method is given. The results of the code testing with the help of benchmark problem as well as calculation of sound propagation through a strong inhomogeneity formed by the sub-arctic front are presented. The present version of the code can be used to calculate entries of scattering matrix (S-matrix) for the ocean waveguide as well as travel times of different modes (derivatives of phases of corresponding entries with respect to frequency). A priori restrictions on S-matrix (reciprocity and energy conservation) are also given, and some objective quantitative criterion of the accuracy of the numerical algorithms formulated in terms of S-matrix is suggested.

Sound Field Modeling with Bottom Reflective Parameters (P,Q) Based on Parabolic Equation

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (04) ◽  
pp. 2050029
Author(s):  
C. J. Zhang ◽  
J. R. WU ◽  
Z. D. Zhao ◽  
L. Ma ◽  
E. C. Shang
Keyword(s):  
Sound Propagation ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
Propagation Models ◽  
Acoustical Properties ◽  
Sea Bottom ◽  
Model Independent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Parameter Coupling

Acoustical properties of the sea bottom can be described using geoacoustic (GA) models. Most existing propagation models use GA parameters as the bottom properties. It is difficult to obtain GA parameters for a layered bottom because of inter parameter coupling. These problems can be solved by inverting the model-independent reflective parameters P and Q. For a multilayered bottom, a sound field computation model, RamPQ, is developed using the mapping of GA and (P, Q) spaces. The mean square error of the transmission loss in numerical simulations and experimental data for low-frequency sound propagation are employed to validate RamPQ and demonstrate the performance of the model.

Noise Propagation Issues in Wind Energy Applications

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Prospathopoulos ◽  
Spyros G. Voutsinas
Keyword(s):  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Sound Propagation ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Noise Propagation ◽  
Propagation Models ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Physical Mechanisms

The prediction of noise emitted from operating wind turbines is important to planners in order to avoid the possibility of surpassing the allowable limits close to residential areas. To this end, the wave equation is solved, taking into account the atmospheric and ground characteristics that affect sound propagation. In the present paper, a ray tracing methodology capable of performing axisymmetric calculations of the sound field around an isolated source is used. The methodology simulates all the main physical mechanisms that influence sound propagation and performs calculations for the whole range of acoustic frequencies. In the case of more sources, a quasi-3D calculation is implemented, superposing the contributions from all sources. Application to single wind turbines is validated with available measurements. The effect of various parameters such as ground impedance, temperature, humidity, turbulence, and wind velocity is investigated for an isolated wind turbine as well as for wind parks. It is shown that ground and atmospheric absorption are important at the low and high frequency ranges, respectively. In flat terrain cases, simple propagation models may also give satisfactory predictions of the overall sound pressure levels. However, in complex terrain cases, the wind velocity and the relief of the topography can significantly affect noise propagation, suggesting the necessity for using sophisticated propagation models, such as the current one.

scholarly journals Use of Underwater Acoustics in Marine Conservation and Policy: Previous Advances, Current Status, and Future Needs

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Shane Guan ◽  
Tiffini Brookens ◽  
Joseph Vignola
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Sound Propagation ◽  
Underwater Acoustics ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Source Characterization ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Propagation Models ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field

The interdisciplinary field of assessing the impacts of sound on marine life has benefited largely from the advancement of underwater acoustics that occurred after World War II. Acoustic parameters widely used in underwater acoustics were redefined to quantify sound levels relevant to animal audiometric variables, both at the source and receiver. The fundamental approach for assessing the impacts of sound uses a source-pathway-receiver model based on the one-way sonar equation, and most numerical sound propagation models can be used to predict received levels at marine animals that are potentially exposed. However, significant information gaps still exist in terms of sound source characterization and propagation that are strongly coupled with the type and layering of the underlying substrate(s). Additional challenges include the lack of easy-to-use propagation models and animal-specific statistical detection models, as well as a lack of adequate training of regulatory entities in underwater acoustics.

High Amplitude Sound Propagation at Low Frequencies in a Flow Duct Lined With Resonators: A Time Domain Solution

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cummings ◽  
I.-J. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Sound Propagation ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Flow Duct ◽  
Good Agreement

A quasi one-dimensional analysis of sound transmission in a flow duct lined with an array of nonlinear resonators is described. The solution to the equations describing the sound field and the hydrodynamic flow in the neighborhood of the resonator orifices is performed numerically in the time domain, with the object of properly accounting for the nonlinear interaction between the acoustic field and the resonators. Experimental data are compared to numerical computations in the time domain and generally very good agreement is noted. The method described here may readily be extended for use in the design of exhaust mufflers for internal combustion engines.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document