scholarly journals Paracoccidioidomycosis Protective Immunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Eva Burger
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Activated Macrophages ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
T Helper Lymphocytes ◽  
Soluble Components

Protective immunity against Paracoccidioides consists of a stepwise activation of numerous effector mechanisms that comprise many cellular and soluble components. At the initial phase of non-specific innate immunity, resistance against Paracoccidioides comes from phagocytic polymorphonuclear neutrophils, natural killer (NK) cells and monocytes, supplemented by soluble factors such as cytokines and complement system components. Invariant receptors (Toll-like receptors (TLRs), Dectins) which are present in cells of the immune system, detect patterns present in Paracoccidioides (but not in the host) informing the hosts cells that there is an infection in progress, and that the acquired immunity must be activated. The role of components involved in the innate immunity of paracoccidioidomycosis is herein presented. Humoral immunity, represented by specific antibodies which control the fungi in the blood and body fluids, and its role in paracoccidioidomycosis (which was previously considered controversial) is also discussed. The protective mechanisms (involving various components) of cellular immunity are also discussed, covering topics such as: lysis by activated macrophages and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, the participation of lytic products, and the role of cytokines secreted by T helper lymphocytes in increasing the efficiency of Paracoccidioides, lysis.

Preferential and persistent depletion of CCR5+T-helper lymphocytes with nonlymphoid homing potential despite early treatment of primary HIV infection

Blood ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 3169-3171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Krzysiek ◽  
Annick Rudent ◽  
Laurence Bouchet-Delbos ◽  
Arnaud Foussat ◽  
Claudie Boutillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Primary Hiv Infection ◽  
T Helper Lymphocytes ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Nonlymphoid Tissue ◽  
Th Lymphocytes

Abstract Strains of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmitted between individuals use the CCR5 coreceptor, but no preferential depletion of particular Th-lymphocyte subpopulations has been reported during primary HIV infection (PHI). In contrast, gut-associated Th lymphocytes are preferentially depleted in macaques recently infected by simian immunodeficiency virus. The expression of CCR5 and the intestinal homing receptor integrin α4β7 on subpopulations of Th lymphocytes was studied in 12 patients with PHI. There was a profound decrease of circulating α4β7+ Th lymphocytes and CCR5+ memory Th lymphocytes with nonlymphoid homing potential (CD62L−CD45RO+). Unlike other Th lymphocytes, this cell population remained depleted despite early control of viral replication under antiretroviral treatment. Therefore, HIV preferentially targets a specific CCR5+ subpopulation of Th lymphocytes early during infection, inducing its persistent depletion despite treatment. Protective immunity in vivo depends on Th lymphocytes carrying homing capacity to nonlymphoid tissue, and therefore these data may explain the persistent abnormalities of immune functions in patients infected with HIV.

Role of interferon-activated macrophages in eradication of human tumor cells by innate immunity

Cytokine ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Samuel Baron ◽  
Julie Horowitz ◽  
Joyce Poast ◽  
Angel Morrow ◽  
Samuel Fey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Activated Macrophages ◽  
Human Tumor Cells

The Role of T-helper Lymphocytes in Priming for Experimental Autoimmune Glomerulonephritis in the BN Rat

1993 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Reynolds ◽  
Beverley A. Sallie ◽  
Christos Syrganis ◽  
Charles D. Pusey
Keyword(s):  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper Lymphocytes ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

scholarly journals Immunopathogenesis and Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Recent Developments

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
ASM Giasuddin ◽  
KA Jhuma ◽  
AMM Haq ◽  
MM Haque
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Age Group ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper Lymphocytes ◽  
Th17 Lymphocytes ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Cytokine Cascade

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease occurring three times more in females throughout the world affecting 1-2% of the adult population in all ethnic groups, usually in the age group of 25-60 years. Although the role of CD4 + T helper lymphocytes in the aetiopathogenesis has been studied for more than three decades, the focus on CD4 + T helper type 17 (Th17) lymphocytes and its associated cytokines is much more recent. The cytokines such as IL-17 and IFN-g induce secondary cytokines such as IL-1, TNF-a , etc which possibly cause inflammation in joints. This cytokine cascade, therefore, offers a number of points and opportunities for immunointervention in RA. The present review article highlights some of the major aspects of the immunopathogenesis that involve Th17 cells and their association relevant to recent developments in the treatment of RA. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v7i2.22415 Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2014; 7(2): 62-67

Role of T Helper Lymphocytes in Autoimmune Diseases

1989 ◽  
pp. 117-131
Author(s):  
Gérald J. Prud’homme ◽  
Nollaig A. Parfrey
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper Lymphocytes

scholarly journals The Importance of Correlation of T-helper and T-supressor Limfocitary Subpopulations – Indicators of Animals Immune Status

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Rita GOLBAN
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Newborn Animal ◽  
Animal Organism ◽  
T Helper Lymphocytes ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Newborn Calves

The scientific investigations reflected in this study present the research in dynamics of the activity of correlating T-helper and T-suppressor immunocompetent cells at the newborn calves in different age periods. In the scientific research is presented the main effector role of these indicators, regarding the importance of the immune system through the ability to synthesize lymphokines, etc. The researches reveal T-helper and T-suppressor level of lymphocytes at all research ages. Thus at 10 days the concentration of T-helper lymphocytes was 7.85±0.001 and 8.30±0.08; 7.57 ± 0.008 at the age of 20 and 30 days, compared to T-suppressor lymphocytes, which in these age groups was equal to 6.0 ± 0.08; 6.33 ± 0.08 and 6.0±0.08. The results of the investigations offer the possibility to understand that the correlation of some lymphocytary subpopulations of the newborn animal organism provides the possibility of installing a strong immunity and ensures the maintenance of the biochemical homeostasis of the organism.

scholarly journals The Immunoregulation of Th17 in Host against Intracellular Bacterial Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghong Li ◽  
Chaojun Wei ◽  
Hui Xu ◽  
Jing Jia ◽  
Zhenhong Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Regulatory Cell ◽  
T Helper 17 ◽  
Socioeconomic Burden ◽  
Production Pattern ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

T helper 17 cells (Th17) constitute a distinct subset of helper T cells with a unique transcriptional profile (STAT3, RORγ, and RORα), cytokine production pattern (IL17 family), and requirement of specific cytokines for their differentiation (TGF-β, IL6, IL21, and IL23). Recent studies involving experimental animals and humans have shown that Th17/IL17 plays a crucial role in host defense against a variety of pathogens, including bacteria and viruses. The underlying mechanisms by which Th17 performs include dendritic cell (DC) regulation, neutrophil recruitment, Th1 modulation, and T regulatory cell (Treg) balance. In recent years, researchers have generated an accumulating wealth of evidence on the role of Th17/IL17 in protective immunity to intracellular bacterial pathogens, such asMycobacterium tuberculosisandChlamydia trachomatis, which are one of the most important pathogens that inflict significant socioeconomic burden across the globe. In this article, we reviewed the current literature on the functions and mechanisms by which Th17/IL17 responds to intracellular bacterial infections. A better understanding of Th17/IL17 immunity to pathogens would be crucial for developing effective prophylactics and therapeutics.

scholarly journals PRMT5 in T helper lymphocytes is essential for cholesterol biosynthesis-mediated Th17 responses and autoimmunity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay M. Webb ◽  
Shouvonik Sengupta ◽  
Claudia Edell ◽  
Stephanie A. Amici ◽  
Janiret Narvaez-Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Cell Polarization ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
T Helper Lymphocytes ◽  
Th Cell ◽  
Cell Life ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis Pathway

AbstractProtein Arginine Methyltransferase (PRMT) 5 catalyzes symmetric dimethylation of arginine, a post-translational modification involved in cancer and embryonic development. However, the role of PRMT5 in T helper (Th) cell polarization and Th cell-mediated disease has not yet been elucidated. Here we report that PRMT5 is necessary for Th17 differentiation and EAE, via enhancement of cholesterol biosynthesis and activation of ROR-γt. PRMT5 additionally controls thymic and peripheral homeostasis in the CD4 Th cell life cycle, as well as iNK T and CD8 T cell development or maintenance, respectively. Overall, our two conditional PRMT5 KO models that selectively delete PRMT5 in all T cells (T-PRMT5Δ/Δ) or Th cells (iCD4-PRMT5Δ/Δ) unveil a crucial role for PRMT5 in T cell proliferation, Th17 responses and disease. These results point to Th PRMT5 and its downstream cholesterol biosynthesis pathway as promising therapeutic targets in Th17-mediated diseases.

scholarly journals LECT2 protects mice against bacterial sepsis by activating macrophages via the CD209a receptor

2012 ◽  
Vol 210 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-Jiang Lu ◽  
Jiong Chen ◽  
Chao-Hui Yu ◽  
Yu-Hong Shi ◽  
Yu-Qing He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Bacterial Sepsis ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
Improved Outcome ◽  
Multifunctional Cytokine

Leukocyte cell–derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) is a multifunctional cytokine and reduced plasma levels were found in patients with sepsis. However, precise functions and mechanisms of LECT2 remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of LECT2 in modulating immune responses using mouse sepsis models. We found that LECT2 treatment improved outcome in mice with bacterial sepsis. Macrophages (MΦ), but not polymorphonuclear neutrophils, mediated the beneficial effect of LECT2 on bacterial sepsis. LECT2 treatment could alter gene expression and enhance phagocytosis and bacterial killing of MΦ in vitro. CD209a was identified to specifically interact with LECT2 and mediate LECT2-induced MΦ activation. CD209a-expressing MΦ was further confirmed to mediate the effect of LECT2 on sepsis in vivo. Our data demonstrate that LECT2 improves protective immunity in bacterial sepsis, possibly as a result of enhanced MΦ functions via the CD209a receptor. The modulation of MΦ functions by LECT2 may serve as a novel potential treatment for sepsis.

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