scholarly journals Improvement of Cognitive Function and Interleukin 1 Beta Serum Concentrations Following Cardiac Pacemaker Implantation in Patients with Symptomatic Bradycardia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 770
Author(s):  
Alexandru Martis ◽  
Gabriel Gusetu ◽  
Gabriel Cismaru ◽  
Dumitru Zdrenghea ◽  
Daniel-Corneliu Leucuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Pacemaker Implantation ◽  
Cardiac Pacemaker ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Symptomatic Bradycardia

Background and aim: Bradyarrhythmias cause a low cerebral blood flow with secondary neuronal ischemia and cognitive dysfunction. This study aims to assess the effect of cardiac pacemaker implantation (PI) on the cognitive function and inflammatory markers (TNF alpha, IL1β). Material and method: We conducted a prospective observational study on a number of 31 patients with symptomatic bradyarrhythmias. We performed the cognitive function assessment by two tests (Mini-Mental State Examination and Trail Making Test A), cardiac output assessment (echocardiographic), and determination of IL 1β and TNF alpha serum concentrations before pacemaker implantation and after an average period of 42 days from pacemaker implantation.Results: After pacemaker implantation we observed an increase in the cardiac index by 0.71 L/min/m2 (p < 0.001) and a better scoring in cognitive performance; the mean MMSE score increased by two points (p < 0.001), and Trail Making Test A had an improvement of 16 s (p < 0.001). Regarding the inflammatory markers, a significant decrease in IL-1β with 8.6 pg/mL (p = 0.049) after pacemaker implantation was observed. Additionally, we found statistically significant correlations between IL1β and TNF alpha (positive correlation, p = 0.005), between the MMSE and cardiac index (p < 0.001), between the Trail Making Test and cardiac index (p = 0.001), and between the MMSE and Trail Making Test (p = 0.003). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that cardiac pacemaker implantation was associated with improved cognitive function—possibly related to an increased cardiac output and with adecreased serum IL1β concentration in subjects with symptomatic bradycardia.

scholarly journals Effects of dance on cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Hewston ◽  
Courtney Clare Kennedy ◽  
Sayem Borhan ◽  
Dafna Merom ◽  
Pasqualina Santaguida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Global Cognitive Function ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Complex Attention

Abstract Background dance is a mind–body activity that stimulates neuroplasticity. We explored the effect of dance on cognitive function in older adults. Methods we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL and PsycInfo databases from inception to August 2020 (PROSPERO:CRD42017057138). Inclusion criteria were (i) randomised controlled trials (ii) older adults (aged ≥ 55 years), (iii) intervention—dance and (iv) outcome—cognitive function. Cognitive domains were classified with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 Neurocognitive Framework. Meta-analyses were performed in RevMan5.3 and certainty of evidence with GradePro. Results we reviewed 3,997 records and included 11 studies (N = 1,412 participants). Seven studies included only healthy older adults and four included those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Dance interventions varied in frequency (1–3×/week), time (35–60 minutes), duration (3–12 months) and type. We found a mean difference (MD) = 1.58 (95% confidence interval [CI) = 0.21–2.95) on the Mini Mental State Examination for global cognitive function (moderate-certainty evidence), and the Wechsler Memory Test for learning and memory had an MD = 3.02 (95% CI = 1.38–4.65; low-certainty evidence). On the Trail Making Test-A for complex attention, MD = 3.07 (95% CI = −0.81 to 6.95; high-certainty evidence) and on the Trail Making Test-B for executive function, MD = −4.12 (95% CI = −21.28 to 13.03; moderate-certainty evidence). Subgroup analyses did not suggest consistently greater effects in older adults with MCI. Evidence is uncertain for language, and no studies evaluated social cognition or perceptual–motor function. Conclusions dance probably improves global cognitive function and executive function. However, there is little difference in complex attention, and evidence also suggests little effect on learning and memory. Future research is needed to determine the optimal dose and if dance results in greater cognitive benefits than other types of physical activity and exercise.

scholarly journals Endogenous Sex Hormones and Cognitive Function in Older Men*

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 3681-3685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Barrett-Connor ◽  
Deborah Goodman-Gruen ◽  
Brad Patay
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Bioavailable Testosterone ◽  
Selective Reminding ◽  
The World ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Selective Reminding Test ◽  
State Examination

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine whether endogenous sex hormone levels predict cognitive function in older men. Our study design was an exploratory analysis in a population-based cohort in Rancho Bernardo, California. The study participants were 547 community-dwelling men 59–89 yr of age at baseline who were not using testosterone or estrogen therapy. Between 1984 and 1987, sera were collected for measurement of endogenous total and bioavailable testosterone and estradiol levels. Between 1988 and 1991, 12 standard neuropsychological instruments were administered, including two items from the Blessed Information-Memory-Concentration (BIMC) Test, three measures of retrieval from the Buschke-Fuld Selective Reminding Test, a category fluency test, immediate and delayed recall from the Visual Reproduction Test, the Mini-Mental State Examination with individual analysis of the Serial Sevens and the “World” Backwards components, and the Trail-Making Test Part B. In age- and education-adjusted analyses, men with higher levels of total and bioavailable estradiol had poorer scores on the BIMC Test and Mini-Mental State Examination. Men with higher levels of bioavailable testosterone had better scores on the BIMC Test and the Selective Reminding Test (long-term storage). Five associations were U-shaped: total testosterone and total and bioavailable estradiol with the BIMC Test; bioavailable testosterone with the “World” test; and total estradiol with the Trail-Making Test. All associations were relatively weak but independent of age, education, body mass index, alcohol use, cigarette smoking and depression. In these older men, low estradiol and high testosterone levels predicted better performance on several tests of cognitive function. Linear and nonlinear associations were also found, suggesting that an optimal level of sex hormones may exist for some cognitive functions.

Cognitive Function Before and After Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients with Major Depression

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s241-s242
Author(s):  
A. Tmava ◽  
I. Eicher ◽  
D.E. Seitz ◽  
S. Mörkl ◽  
C. Blesl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
A Prospective Study

BackgroundDespite its high effectiveness, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is not a widely used method to treat depression. One of the reasons for this could be the fear of cognitive side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of ECT on cognitive function.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study with a sample size of 23 patients (10 male), who met the criteria of treatment-resistant depression according to ICD–10 and gave their informed consent for ECT treatment. Before and after ECT, the following investigations have been performed: Beck depression inventory (BDI), Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale (MADRS), Mehrfachwahl-Wortschatz-Intelligenztest (MWT-B), trail making test (TMT) A and B, stroop-test, mini mental state examination (MMSE) and the German version of the California verbal learning test (MGT).ResultsAfter ECT treatment, we found highly significant changes of depression-scales BDI (P = 0.028) and MADR-Scale (P = 0.001). IQ as measured by the MWT-B (P = 0.851), executive functions as measured by trail making test A (P = 0.568) and B (P = 0.372) and stroop-test, memory functions as measured by the MGT (P = 0.565) (Figure 1) and MMSE (P = 0.678) did not differ significantly after ECT treatment.ConclusionThere were no significant differences in cognitive function before and after ECT treatment. To confirm these findings, it would be necessary to perform larger studies.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Cognitive dysfunction in acute psychosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S745-S745
Author(s):  
O. Mulligan ◽  
W.T. Tan ◽  
G. Lowry ◽  
D. Adamis
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Acute Psychosis ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionPatients with psychosis often present with cognitive dysfunction during the course of their illness. Inflammatory markers such as cytokines and neurotrophins have been investigated, as they are relevant to the change in cognitive function.ObjectivesTo evaluate the cognitive function between patients with acute psychosis and those without. Moreover, this study also investigates cytokines and neurotrophins levels in acute psychosis and their relation with cognition, severity of psychosis and trajectory of their levels across time and under treatment.MethodsLongitudinal, observational, pilot study, of psychiatric inpatients. Participants were assessed on the first day using brief psychiatric rating scale, CAGE, trail making test B and Wisconsin card sorting test. These assessments were repeated weekly until patients were discharged. Blood samples were also collected on the same day for cytokines and neurotrophins analysis. However, the result on cytokines and neurotrophins levels is still pending, therefore only clinical findings will be presented.ResultsThirty-one patients (mean age: 43.7, SD: 18.9, 14 females and 17 males) were recruited. Eleven were acutely psychotic. Generalized estimating equations modelling were used to compare these two groups based on cognitive and demographic variables. Patients with psychosis are more likely to have significantly lower scores for CAGE (Wald-x2 = 6.268, df = 1, P = 0.012), significantly more abnormal scores in Trail Making Test B (Wald–x2 = 7.338, df = 1, P = 0.007), failure to maintain set (Wald–x2 = 8.323, df = 1, P = 0.004) and perseveratives errors (Wald-x2 = 4.385, df = 1, P = 0.036) although they have more years of education than those without psychosis.ConclusionsThese data show individuals with acute psychosis have impaired cognitive function compared to others.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals STEPPING TRAIL MAKING TEST IS ASSOCIATED WITH GLOBAL COGNITIVE FUNCTION: A CONCURRENT VALIDITY STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 91-91
Author(s):  
Y Osuka ◽  
H Kim ◽  
N Kojima ◽  
Y Watanabe ◽  
H Inagaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Validity Study ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Global Cognitive Function ◽  
Trail Making

scholarly journals GAMBARAN FUNGSI KOGNITIF PADA PASIEN RAWAT JALAN DENGAN RIWAYAT STROKE DI POLIKLINIK SARAF RSUP PROF. DR. R.D. KANDOU MANADO

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tirzha N. Paparang ◽  
Corry N. Mahama ◽  
Denny J. Ngantung
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
State Examination

Abstract: Stroke is a major cause of cognitive dysfunction. The incidences of cognitive dysfunction increase three-fold after strokes, usually involving impairement of abilities in visuo-spacial, memory, orientation, speech, attention, and performance functions. The rapid, practical, and approved examinations used to evaluate and confirm the decline in cognitive functions are the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Clock Drawing Test (CDT), and the Trail Making Test (TMT). This study aimed to reveal the cognitive functions of outpatients with stroke histories in the Neurology Polyclinic, Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Hospital Manado by using the above mentioned examinations. This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design conducted in November 2012. The results showed that there were 51 respondents who fulfilled the inclusion criteria consisting of 32 males and 19 females. The highest decline of cognitive function by age, the educational level, and employment was 60-79 years, more than 9 years of education, and retired workers, respectively. The results of the MMSE, CDT, and TMT examinations for cognitive impairment evaluation were as follow: MMSE 62.75%, CDT 56.86%, TMT A 96.08%, and TMT B 84.31%. Conclusion: Most of the outpatients with stroke histories in the Neurology Polyclinic, Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Hospital Manado showed cognitive impairments. Keywords: CDT, cognitive function, MMSE, stroke, TMT-A and B.   Abstrak: Stroke merupakan penyebab utama gangguan fungsi kognitif. Insiden gangguan kognitif meningkat tiga kali lipat setelah stroke, dan biasanya melibatkan kemampuan visuospasial, memori, orientasi, bahasa, perhatian dan fungsi eksekutif. Pemeriksaan yang digunakan untuk mengevaluasi dan mengonfirmasi penurunan  fungsi kognitif yang cepat dan praktis namun bernilai tinggi ialah Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), dan Trail Making Test (TMT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran fungsi kognitif pada pasien rawat jalan dengan riwayat stroke di Poliklinik Saraf RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan cross-sectional design dan dilaksanakan selama bulan November 2012. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa 51 responden memenuhi kriteria inklusi, terdiri dari 32 laki-laki dan 19 perempuan. Berdasarkan usia, tingkat pendidikan, dan pekerjaan, penurunan fungsi kognitif terbanyak pada usia 60-79 tahun, tingkat pendidikan terakhir >9 tahun, dan pekerjaan pensiunan. Hasil pemeriksaan MMSE, CDT, dan TMT terhadap fungsi kognitif responden ialah: MMSE 62,75%, CDT 56,86%, TMT A 96,08%, dan TMT B 84,31%. Simpulan: Sebagian besar pasien rawat jalan dengan riwayat stroke di Poliklinik Saraf RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado telah memperlihatkan gagguan fungsi kognitif.Kata kunci: stroke, fungsi kognitif, MMSE, CDT, TMT-A dan B.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN SKOR MMSE, CDT, TMT A DAN TMT B PADA LANSIA DI PANTI WERDHA AGAPE TONDANO

e-CliniC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza B. Susanto ◽  
Rizal Tumewah ◽  
Arthur H. P. Mawuntu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Normal Cognitive Function ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
State Examination

Abstract: Indonesia has the highest growth of elderly population. Health problem that often occurs in the elderly is impaired cognitive function which can be examined by using various examinations. Rapid examinations with practical high values are Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), as well as Trail Making Test A and B (TMT A and B). These are done by giving a series of commands to a person and then his/her accuracy will be assessed. This was a cross-sectional study conducted from December 2014 to January 2015 at the Agape elderly nursing home Tondano. The results showed that there were 12 respondents that met the inclusion criteria consisted of eight females and four males. The results of the four tests showed that MMSE had 67% of respondents with normal cognitive function, CDT had 75% with normal executive function, TMT A had 100% with experienced executive interference, and TMT B had 92% with experienced executive interference. Conclusion: Most respondents showed MMSE with normal cognitive function and CDT with, normal executive function, however, all respondents showed TMT A with experienced executive interference, and nearly all respondents showed TMT B with experienced executive interference. Cognitive dysfunction were more frequent among the elderly of ≥75 years, female, primary school education, and unemployment.Keywords: elderly, cognitive function, executive functionAbstrak: Indonesia merupakan negara tertinggi dalam pertumbuhan penduduk lanjut usia. Peningkatan jumlah penduduk lanjut usia tersebut menimbulkan masalah kesehatan, masalah kesehatan yang sering terjadi pada usia lanjut antara lain gangguan fungsi kognitif. Gangguan fungsi kognitif ini dapat di periksa dengan berbagai pemeriksaan. Pemeriksaan yang cepat dan praktis namun nilainya tinggi adalah pemeriksaan Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), Trail Making Test A dan B (TMT A dan B). Pemeriksaan ini dilakukan dengan memberi serangkaian perintah pada seseorang dan ketepatannya dinilai. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang, dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2014 hingga Januari 2015 bertempat di Panti Werdha Agape Tondano. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 12 responden yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian, terdiri dari 8 perempuan dan 4 laki-laki. Hasil pemeriksaan MMSE menunjukkan 67% responden dengan fungsi kognitif normal, CDT menunjukkan 75% dengan fungsi eksekutif normal, TMT A menunjukkan 100% dengan gangguan eksekutif, dan TMT B menunjukkan 92% mengalami gangguan eksekutif. Simpulan: Sebagian besar responden menunjukkan hasil pemeriksaan MMSE dengan fungsi kognitifnya normal, CDT dengan fungsi eksekutif normal, sedangkan untuk TMT A seluruh responden mengalami gangguan eksekutif, dan TMT B hampir seluruh responden mengalami gangguan eksekutif. Secara keseluruhan, gangguan fungsi kognitif lebih banyak pada lansia perempuan usia ≥ 75 tahun, pendidikan SD, dan tidak bekerja.Kata kunci: lansia, fungsi kognitif, fungsi eksekutif

scholarly journals The Trail Making test: a study of its ability to predict falls in the acute neurological in-patient population

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1396-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Akhter Mateen ◽  
Matthias Bussas ◽  
Catherine Doogan ◽  
Denise Waller ◽  
Alessia Saverino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Trail Making

Objective: To determine whether tests of cognitive function and patient-reported outcome measures of motor function can be used to create a machine learning-based predictive tool for falls. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Tertiary neurological and neurosurgical center. Subjects: In all, 337 in-patients receiving neurosurgical, neurological, or neurorehabilitation-based care. Main Measures: Binary (Y/N) for falling during the in-patient episode, the Trail Making Test (a measure of attention and executive function) and the Walk-12 (a patient-reported measure of physical function). Results: The principal outcome was a fall during the in-patient stay ( n = 54). The Trail test was identified as the best predictor of falls. Moreover, addition of other variables, did not improve the prediction (Wilcoxon signed-rank P < 0.001). Classical linear statistical modeling methods were then compared with more recent machine learning based strategies, for example, random forests, neural networks, support vector machines. The random forest was the best modeling strategy when utilizing just the Trail Making Test data (Wilcoxon signed-rank P < 0.001) with 68% (± 7.7) sensitivity, and 90% (± 2.3) specificity. Conclusion: This study identifies a simple yet powerful machine learning (Random Forest) based predictive model for an in-patient neurological population, utilizing a single neuropsychological test of cognitive function, the Trail Making test.

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