scholarly journals Research on an Analytical Framework for Urban Spatial Structural and Functional Optimisation: A Case Study of Beijing City, China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenting Zhang ◽  
Bo Li
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Ecological Security ◽  
Urban Spatial Structure ◽  
Beijing City ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Development Zone ◽  
Control Zone

A number of severe ecological problems, and the altered structure of urban spaces, are ascribed to rapid urbanisation. Hence, an analytical framework for urban spatial structure and functional optimisation is highly beneficial to balance the contradiction between developing urban areas and protecting their ecosystems. In this paper, the proposed analytical framework included three parts. We first delineated the ecological suitability zones (ESZs) of Beijing City by applying the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model. Subsequently, considering various socioeconomic and natural environmental factors, the Markov chain model and future land-use simulation (FLUS) model were utilised to predict the urban spatial structure of Beijing in 2031. Finally, taking the ESZ results as a constraint, three scenarios were designed to optimise the extent of city sprawl: the business as usual (BAU) scenario, ecological security (ES) scenario and ecological priority (EP) scenario. We found that the ESZs contained three zones: an ecological control zone (63%), a restricted development zone (22%), and a concentrated development zone (15%). After comparing the three scenarios, we discovered that the ES scenarios ensured the bottom line in terms of Beijing’s ecological security. Additionally, under the EP scenario, the urban spatial structure and function were further optimised. Our study can provide new ideas and technical support for the reasonable layout of urban spatial structure.

scholarly journals Upaya Mendorong Kolaborasi menuju Pengembangan Struktur Ruang Bernuansa Knowledge Based di Era Disrupsi

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-662
Author(s):  
Ridwan Sutriadi ◽  
Ahmad Zaini Miftah
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Urban Spatial Structure ◽  
Spatial Structures ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The 1960S

This paper explores the development of multi centre urban spatial structures, as the development of three classical models, namely monocentric, sectoral, and multiple nuclei. By implementing a literature study method on studies of the global development of urban spatial structures which began from the 1960s until the 2000s era, lessons learned for Indonesia can be taken in promoting sustainable urban spatial structure.  The thought of developing urban spatial structure starts from the awareness of urban expansion beyond its administrative boundaries in the 1960s (urban field), the importance of the systemic context in the development of urban spatial structures (1970s), the systemic concept must be supported by the collaboration of mutual cooperation among city’s functions in the concept of inter-city networks (1980s), spatial planning integration between core cities and suburbs which emerge urban areas (1990s). In 2000s era, the development of polycentric could be located in one urban area or among urban areas, also highly connected with innovation as a reflection of the use of knowledge for urban centers (2010s era).  During the decades, it can be concluded that multi city centers lead to the enrichment of urban function in the sense of public interest and common concern, especially symbolizes continuing knowledge based innovation which could interfere market and existing values (disruption era),  so collaboration among city centers is needed to perform a sustainable synergic urban spatial structure.

scholarly journals KALIANYAR VERTICAL KAMPONG WITH BEHAVIOR ARCHITECTURE IN JAKARTA

Arsitektura ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
El Yanno Suminar ◽  
Marsudi Marsudi ◽  
Kusumaningdyah Nurul Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Urban Spatial Structure ◽  
Home Base ◽  
Structure Damage ◽  
New Form ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The City

<em>Vertical Kampung Kalianyar design was motivated by data and facts related to the city of Jakarta and some issue as a city that has problems of population density.</em> <em>Jakarta is not the only city that has a population density problems, almost all cities in Indonesia have similar problems against the background of the dominance of urbanization which resulted in the high number of population in urban areas. Most of the problems of population density pose problems of urban spatial structure damage caused by the emergence of slum areas or slums in urban areas some point including the city of Jakarta.</em> <em>Kampung is one of the many forms of settlement which is located in the slum area and pay attention to the spatial structure of the city badly. Kampung Kalianyar is one of the densely populated area in the city of Jakarta which has poor spatial structure. On the other hand, as the settlements, Kampung Kalianyar has its own values and character are formed from several things, one of which is a sense of togetherness with the similarity of the social level. Problem of density in Jakarta has tried to be solved by Jakarta Provincial Government with rumah susun program to accommodate flats dense settlements, but it is considered less than optimal because of the character of residents of rumah susun is not contained in it. This is the destination of Kampung Vertical Kalianyar with the basis of behavior architecture as design concept to accommodate the character of Kampung Kalianyar with methods of observation and mapping that is performed directly in Kampung Kalianyar to be applied into a new form named Kampung Vertical Kalianyar. Results from analysis through observation and mapping will be transformed into a new form as knwon as Kampung Vertical Kalianyar which is able to accommodate all the character and behavior of Kampung Kalianyar like life on the road space which has been the character and social value of Kampung Kalianyar and the units of home base enterprises in every floor level.</em>

scholarly journals Comparing Luojia 1-01 and VIIRS Nighttime Light Data in Detecting Urban Spatial Structure Using a Threshold-Based Kernel Density Estimation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1574
Author(s):  
Yuping Wang ◽  
Zehao Shen
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Density Estimation ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Kernel Density Estimation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Kernel Density ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Urban Spatial Structure ◽  
Nighttime Light

Nighttime light (NTL) data are increasingly used in urban studies and urban planning owing to their strong connection with human activities, although the detection capacity is limited by the spatial resolution of older data. In the present study, we comparedthe results of extractions of urban built-up areas using data obtained from the first professional NTL satellite Luojia 1-01 with a resolution of 130 m and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). We applied an analyzing framework combing kernel density estimation (KDE) under different search radii and threshold-based extraction to detect the boundary and spatial structure of urban areas. The results showed that: (1) Benefiting from a higher spatial resolution, Luojia 1-01 data was more sensitive in detecting new emerging urban built-up areas, thus better reflected the spatial structure of urban system, and can achieve a higher extraction accuracy than that of VIIRS data; (2) Combining with a proper threshold, KDE improves the extraction accuracy of NTL data by making use of the spatial autocorrelation of nighttime light, thus better detects the scale of the spatial pattern of urban built-up areas; (3) A proper searching radius for KDE is critical for achieving the optimal result, which was 1000 m for Luojia 1-01 and 1600 m for VIIRS in this study. Our findings indicate the usefulness of the KDE method in applying the upcoming high-resolution NTL data such as Luojia 1-01 data in urban spatial analysis and planning.

PHYTOMONITORING AS A METOD OF THE ASSESSMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION BY URBAN ENVIRONMENT BY FINE DUST

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Irina Glinyanova ◽  
Valery Azarov ◽  
Valery Fomichev
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Fine Dust ◽  
Control Zone ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Random Functions ◽  
The City

Fine dust: (PM2.5, PM10) is a priority pollutant that contributes to the development of numerous dis-eases in urban areas. The purpose of this scientific work is to study the dispersed composition of dust parti-cles on the leaves of apricot trees (Prúnus armeníaca) in the residential zone of Volgograd. The novelty of the work lies in the study of the dispersed composition of dust particles on the leaves of apricot trees (Prúnus armeníaca) in the residential zone in the city of Volgograd near the construction industry enterprise, me-chanical engineering, leather production and railway transport line in comparison with the conditionally clean (control) zone of the SNT “Orocenets” ”(Sovetsky District, Volgograd) from the standpoint of random functions expressed by integral distribution curves of the mass of particles over their equivalent diameters. As a result of the research, the dispersed composition of dust on the leaves of apricot trees (Prúnus ar-meníaca) in the residential area of Volgograd was revealed. Fine particles were found: PM2.5, PM10 in each of the studied points, which by their values, both in their number and mass fraction, significantly exceed the data on fine dust in a conditionally clean area (control) in the SNT “Oroshanets” (Sovetsky district Volgo-grad), which creates certain environmental risks for local residents. The dispersed analysis of particles from the standpoint of random functions in the future will allow with a sufficiently high degree of accuracy to pre-dict the dust content of urban atmospheric air in the range of monthly and / or seasonal average values compared to the traditional measurement of fine dust concentration in atmospheric air of the urban environ-ment as the maximum single or daily average. At the same time, further studies of dust on the leaves of plants in an urban environment, namely, the study of the density of its sedimentation, will also reveal a group of ur-ban plants that are best suited to retain PM2.5 and PM10 on leaf plates in this region, which can significantly increase the quality of the atmospheric air of the urban environment and be of a recommendatory nature for the state-owned landscaping services of the city of Volgograd when improving the green areas of a megacity.

scholarly journals Key factors to facilitate locally driven family planning programming: a qualitative analysis of urban stakeholder perspectives in Africa and Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Mwaikambo ◽  
Sarah Brittingham ◽  
Saori Ohkubo ◽  
Ruwaida Salem ◽  
Denis Joel Sama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Country Ownership

Abstract Background There has been greater recognition of the importance of country ownership in global health and development. However, operationalising country ownership to ensure the scale up and sustainability of proven interventions remains elusive at best. To address this challenge, we undertook a thematic analysis of interviews collected from representatives of local governments, public health systems, and communities in poor urban areas of East Africa, Francophone West Africa, India, and Nigeria, supported by The Challenge Initiative (TCI), aiming to rapidly and sustainably scale up evidence-based reproductive health and family planning solutions. Methods The main objective of this study was to explore critical elements needed for implementing and scaling evidence-based family planning interventions. The research team conducted thematic analysis of 96 stories collected using the Most Significant Change (MSC) technique between July 2018 and September 2019. After generating 55 unique codes, the codes were grouped into related themes, using TCI’s model as a general analytical framework. Results Five key themes emerged: (1) strengthening local capacity and improving broader health systems, (2) shifting mindsets of government and community toward local ownership, (3) institutionalising the interventions within existing government structures, (4) improving data demand and use for better planning of health services, and (5) enhancing coordination of partners. Conclusion While some themes feature more prominently in a particular region than others, taken together they represent what stakeholders perceive to be essential elements for scaling up locally-driven health programmes in urban areas in Africa and Asia.

scholarly journals State-of-the-Art Review on the Energy Performance of Semi-Transparent Building Integrated Photovoltaic across a Range of Different Climatic and Environmental Conditions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3412
Author(s):  
Reza Khalifeeh ◽  
Hameed Alrashidi ◽  
Nazmi Sellami ◽  
Tapas Mallick ◽  
Walid Issa
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaics ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaic ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Building Components ◽  
System Properties

Semi-transparent Building Integrated Photovoltaics provide a fresh approach to the renewable energy sector, combining the potential of energy generation with aesthetically pleasing, multi-functional building components. Employing a range of technologies, they can be integrated into the envelope of the building in different ways, for instance, as a key element of the roofing or façade in urban areas. Energy performance, measured by their ability to produce electrical power, at the same time as delivering thermal and optical efficiencies, is not only impacted by the system properties, but also by a variety of climatic and environmental factors. The analytical framework laid out in this paper can be employed to critically analyse the most efficient solution for a specific location; however, it is not always possible to mitigate energy losses, using commercially available materials. For this reason, a brief overview of new concept devices is provided, outlining the way in which they mitigate energy losses and providing innovative solutions for a sustainable energy future.

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