scholarly journals Roads in the Southwestern Amazon, State of Acre, between 2007 and 2019

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Eric de Souza Nascimento ◽  
Sonaira Souza da Silva ◽  
Leandra Bordignon ◽  
Antonio Willian Flores de Melo ◽  
Amintas Brandão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Public Lands ◽  
The State ◽  
Significant Advance ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
The Road ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
The Impact

Over the past 40 years, roads have been the main driver behind the State of Acre’s occupation and development. However, the expansion of roads, has often been associated with the advance of deforestation, habitat fragmentation, and social conflicts. There are no up-to-date data available on the current extent of Acre’s road network nor its environmental and socioenvironmental impacts. In this study, we updated the State of Acre’s road network map for the period 2007 to 2019 through the visual interpretation of 153 Landsat images (5, 7, and 8) at a scale of 1:50,000. To estimate the impact of roads, we measured the distribution of roads in municipalities and in different land tenure categories and calculated the correlation between roads and annual deforestation. Up to 2019, we estimated 19,620 km of roads, of which 92% were unofficial roads, 6% federal roads, and 2% state roads. The roads increased at an average annual rate of 590 km year−1. The most significant advance in road length between 2007 and 2019 was in protected areas (240%), followed by public lands (68%) and settlement projects (66%). We recommend monitoring of the road network to understand the landscape’s evolution and support actions against illicit environmental and socioenvironmental impacts.

TOWARDS ROAD SAFETY AUDIT ON ROAD NETWORK OF UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Kaskiv ◽  
Andrii Vozniuk ◽  
Liudmyla Nahrebelna
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Network ◽  
The State ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Road Safety Audit ◽  
The Impact

The key role in the implementation of the state transport strategy is played by the development of transport infrastructure, the most important component of which is the road network. The compliance of highways with the requirements of modern traffic flows determines not only the efficiency of industry and agriculture, but also ensuring the proper standard of living of people and the state defense capability. Problems of efficient functioning of public roads, urban roads and streets of Ukraine are outlined. The main provisions for the road safety audit are outlined. Road safety audits are proven to be one of the most effective engineering tools that affect road safety. The main benefit of road safety audit is the detailed assessment of the road safety design solutions at all stages of design. The purpose of a road safety audit is to answer the following questions: - what road elements could pose a threat to road users: to what extent, to what road users and under what circumstances; - what opportunities exist to eliminate or reduce the impact of identified threats on traffic safety. The earlier an audit is carried out in the design and construction processes, the better and more useful the results are. Carrying out an audit in the early stages can help eliminate problems early and, as a consequence, minimize the time and cost of redesigning in the subsequent stages. In addition, it should be noted that conducting an audit leads to intensive negotiations between the auditors, the customer and the designer. Such negotiations are useful for raising awareness of all stakeholders, as well as for improving day-to-day work, design procedures and will be useful for updating building standards or norms. The questions of improvement of methods of calculation of safe speed of movement, development of algorithms of multivariate analysis of conditions of movement, identification of potentially dangerous sites and identification of causes of danger are considered. A mechanism is provided that can significantly accelerate such an audit, effectively utilize human, time and financial resources. Keywords: audit, algorithm, traffic safety, road, method, model, speed.

ANALISIS PENGARUH PEMBANGUNAN JALAN LAYANG JANTI TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN TATA RUANG KAWASAN JANTI STUDI KASUS : KAWASAN JANTI, DESA CATURTUNGGAL, KABUPATEN SLEMAN, D. I. YOGYAKARTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Jeky El Boru
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
The Road ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Linkage Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parking Place

Abstract: This research aims to analyze the impact of Janti Flyover Construction toward the growth of layout at Janti Urban Area, including structured space, open space, and linkage. Method used for data collecting are observation, air photograph monitoring, and interview, whereas the analysis method is qualitative description, which is the superimposed method of two layers, that are the layout condition before and after flyover construction. The result shows that the impact of Janti Flyover construction can be seen on building mass (solid), the increasing number of open spaces, including the road network, parking place, and park, whereas the relation between spaces, visually and structurally, can be seen on the growth of buildings which have new shapes and styles, therefore the performance of the overall building does not have a proportional shape. Considering Janti Street at the collective relation, its role is getting stronger as the main frame road network.Keywords: Flyover construction, layout changing, Janti AreaAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pembangunan Jalan Layang Janti terhadap perkembangan tata ruang Kawasan Janti, meliputi ruang terbangun, ruang terbuka, serta hubungan antar ruang (“linkage”). Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, pengamatan foto udara, dan wawancara; sedangkan metode analisis melalui deskripsi secara kualitatif yang berupa “superimposed method” dari dua lapisan kondisi lahan, yakni kondisi tata ruang sebelum dan sesudah pembangunan jalan layang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh pembangunan Jalan Layang Janti terdapat pada massa bangunan (“solid”), pertambahan ruang terbuka yang berupa jaringan jalan, parkir, dan taman; sedangkan pada hubungan antar ruang ̶ secara visual dan struktural ̶ yakni tumbuhnya bangunan dengan bentuk dan gaya baru, sehingga bentuk tampilan bangunan secara keseluruhan tidak proporsional. Pada hubungan kolektif, Jalan Janti semakin kuat perannya sebagai kerangka utama jaringan jalan.Kata kunci : Pembangunan jalan layang, tata ruang, Kawasan Janti

scholarly journals Impact of Road Network Topology on Public Transportation Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Minzhi Chen ◽  
Fan Wu ◽  
Min Yin ◽  
Jiangang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Urban Road Network ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
The Road ◽  
Layout Structure ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Transportation Development ◽  
The Impact

Planning of road networks is fundamental for public transportation. The impact of road network density on public transportation has been extensively studied, but few studies in this regard involved evaluation indicators for connectivity and layout of road networks. With 29 cities in China as the study cases, this paper quantifies the layout structure of the road network based on the network’s betweenness centralization and establishes a multivariate linear regression model to perform regression of the logarithm of the frequency of per capita public transportation on betweenness centralization. It is found in the present work that there is a significant correlation between the layout structure of an urban road network and the residents’ utilization degree of public transportation. A greater betweenness centralization of the urban road network, namely a more centralized road network, means a higher frequency of per capita public transportation of urban residents and a higher degree of the residents’ utilization of public transportation. In the development of public transportation, centralized and axial-shaped layout structures of road networks can be promoted to improve the utilization of public transportation.

Infrastructure and Monitoring of the State of the Road Network in the Northern Regions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Tagieva ◽  
O. Yu. Ulitich ◽  
A. Yu. Gorelov ◽  
A. I. Salagubov
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
The State ◽  
The Road ◽  
Northern Regions

Gambling with the State: Land Titles and Personhood Rights among the Urban Poor in Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilis MULYANI
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
The State ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Land Titling ◽  
Formal Employment ◽  
Land Titles ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDue to the pressures of urbanization, the urban poor often find themselves trapped in illegal settlements and informal employment. As housing is not affordable and formal employment is inaccessible to them because of their lack of education and skills, they live a precarious existence with insecure land tenure and employment. Discriminated against by the state on the grounds of their illegal status, the urban poor are unable to establish their identity and personhood rights as urban citizens, and so cannot access basic rights such as health care and social security. This article is based on fieldwork in Surakarta in Indonesia which studied the impact of a land-titling programme in an area previously characterized by informal tenure. It finds that the legitimation provided by land titles had a significant impact upon the lives of the residents, enabling them to access other personhood rights.

Die Erhaltung von Bauwerken der Bundesfernstraßen in Deutschland / Maintenance of structures belonging to the national road network in Germany

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-358
Author(s):  
F. Standfuß
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Road Network ◽  
The State ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
The Road ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
National Road

Abstract First it is shown that maintenance of structures belonging to the national road network in Germany is neglected in an alarming way. It is obivous that the state of the road surface, of bridges and other structures is deteriorating in the old Länder in particular. In spite of that, politicians have not yet recognized the importance of this fact for the economy of an industrialized country. There exists a lack of medium range financial planing and provision of means. The elaboration of a management system for existing structures has only been started in 1997.

scholarly journals ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ТЕОРІЇ МАСОВОГО ОБСЛУГОВУВАННЯ ДЛЯ УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ УПРАВЛІННЯ ДОРОЖНІМ РУХОМ НА МАГІСТРАЛЬНІЙ ВУЛИЧНО-ДОРОЖНІЙ МЕРЕЖІ МІСТ

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Нагребельна Л. П. ◽  
Поліщук В. П.
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Queuing Theory ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Traffic Jam ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Section ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
The Impact

The object of the study is the improvement of traffic management on the main street and road network of the city. Actually, there are many techniques that allow simulating the traffic flows with sufficient accuracy. One of such models is a mathematical model, which allows calculating the main characteristics of a traffic flow on the basis of a few initial data and is considered as a queuing system.Modeling allows pre-determining the impact of traffic management measures on the existing street and road network without creating interference for drivers, making changes to the design of road, increasing the traffic volume, as well as involving the possible overloaded areas.An analysis of the researches of scientists who have considered similar methods in their works had been performed. The fundamental flaw of the mentioned works is that in none of them the study of the model of a real road section was performed for verifying of the model adequacy. Modeling allows understanding more accurately the behavior of an object with less approximations than mathematical models, and provides less researching and forecasting of the system behavior with significant changes in the initial concepts. It is indicated that for the first approximation it is expedient to use mathematical models, and for clarifying the characteristics – to use non- mathematical methods, in particular, simulation.It is proved that simulation is a powerful tool for studying the behavior of real systems. It is mainly used to study situations and systems that can be described as queuing systems.Using the queuing theory, it becomes possible to perform certain calculations and determine indicators of effectiveness of the queuing system.Obtained result of the indicators will help to determine the street and road network areas where a traffic jam may form for any reason, where the road will be overloaded. This makes it possible to develop a high-quality algorithm for quick elimination of traffic jam.

scholarly journals Roads at risk – traffic detours from debris flows in southern Norway

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 6623-6651 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Meyer ◽  
W. Schwanghart ◽  
O. Korup ◽  
F. Nadim
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flows ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Link Failure ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Southern Norway ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Globalization and interregional exchange of people, goods, and services has boosted the importance of and reliance on all kinds of transport networks. The linear structure of road networks is especially sensitive to natural hazards. In southern Norway, steep topography and extreme weather events promote frequent traffic disruption caused by debris flows. Topographic susceptibility and trigger frequency maps serve as input into a hazard appraisal at the scale of first-order catchments to quantify the impact of debris flows on the road network in terms of a failure likelihood of each link connecting two network vertices, e.g., road junctions. We compute total additional traffic loads as a function of traffic volume and excess distance, i.e. the extra length of an alternative path connecting two previously disrupted network vertices using a shortest-path algorithm. Our risk metric of link failure is the total additional annual traffic load expressed as vehicle kilometers because of debris-flow related road closures. We present two scenarios demonstrating the impact of debris flows on the road network, and quantify the associated path failure likelihood between major cities in southern Norway. The scenarios indicate that major routes crossing the central and northwestern part of the study area are associated with high link failure risk. Yet options for detours on major routes are manifold, and incur only little additional costs provided that drivers are sufficiently well informed about road closures. Our risk estimates may be of importance to road network managers and transport companies relying of speedy delivery of services and goods.

scholarly journals How Does Travel Demand Follow the Change in Infrastructure? Multiple-Year Eigenvector Centrality Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13366
Author(s):  
Hiroe Ando ◽  
Fumitaka Kurauchi
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Eigenvector Centrality ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
The Road ◽  
Centrality Analysis ◽  
The Impact

The road network is one of the most permanent elements of the physical structure of cities, and the long-term impacts should be considered for effective and efficient road network improvement. It is therefore important to catch up on how the road will be used after construction. However, we do not have much knowledge on the pattern and time lag in the change process of travel demand and supply in the real situation. To explore such changes, this study proposes to evaluate a network with eigenvector centrality (EC) measures that can evaluate the importance of nodes in a network. We believe the analysis based on topological properties by the graph theory is suitable to verify the evolution of road networks. This study analysed long-term changes over 20 years in an actual city to understand the impact of road network improvements. The EC analysis with the weights of traffic indices obtained from survey data evaluates the connectivity of road services on the supply side, and traffic concentration on the demand side.

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