scholarly journals Commercial Classification and Location Modelling: Integrating Different Perspectives on Commercial Location and Structure

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 567
Author(s):  
Rui Colaço ◽  
João de Abreu e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cluster Membership ◽  
Location Models ◽  
New Business

Commercial classification is essential to describe and compare the spatial patterns of commercial activity. Most classification systems consider a large set of dimensions that include detailed features such as store ownership or development type. Since new business models are continually being developed, the need to revise classification systems is constant. This makes generalisation hard, thus hindering the comparison of commercial structures in different places and periods. Recent studies have focused on cluster analysis and a smaller number of variables to gain insights into commercial structures, directly addressing this issue. Systematic bottom-up classification generates comparable structures, which is essential to contrast policy results in different situations. Furthermore, since form or accessibility are usually considered in classifications, cluster membership is precluded from most retail location models, often relying on the latter as an explanatory variable. Hence, a new classification system is proposed, based on cluster analysis (k-means) and a minimal set of variables: density, diversity, and clustering. This classification was implemented in 1995, 2002, and 2010 in Lisbon. Cross-sectional analysis of the commercial structures shows the system accurately describes commercial location and change, suggesting it can be generalised as a classification system. Since the minimal dataset also allows for cluster membership to be used on location models, the relationship between commercial classification and location modelling could be strengthened, reinforcing the role of commercial studies in urban planning and policymaking.

scholarly journals Cluster analysis to the factors related to information about food fibers: A multinational study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 593-606
Author(s):  
Raquel P. F. Guiné ◽  
Paula Correia ◽  
Marcela Leal ◽  
Ivana Rumbak ◽  
Irena C. Barić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Poor Knowledge ◽  
Cluster Membership

AbstractThe adequate intake of dietary fibers is essential to human health. Hence, this study intended to evaluate the level knowledge of about food fibers and investigate what factors might be associated with it. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample composed of 6,010 participants from ten different countries. The survey was based on a questionnaire of self-response, approved and complying with all ethical issues. The data collected were subjected to the factor analysis (FA) and the cluster analysis (CA). Validation was done by splitting the data set into two equal parts for confirmation of the results. FA concluded that ten from the 12 variables used to measure the knowledge about dietary fibre (DF) should be grouped into two dimensions or factors: one linked to health effects of DF (α = 0.854) and the other to its sources (α = 0.644). CA showed that the participants could be divided into three groups: Cluster 1 – good knowledge both about sources and health effects of DF; Cluster 2 – good knowledge about the sources of DF but poor knowledge about its health effects; Cluster 3 – poor knowledge both about sources and health effects of DF. The data were appropriate for the analysis by means of factor and CA, so that two factors and three clusters were clearly identified. Moreover, the cluster membership was found varying mostly according to the country, living environment, and level of education but not according to age or gender.

scholarly journals Profiles of Risky Driving Behaviors in Adolescent Drivers: A Cluster Analysis of a Representative Sample from Tuscany Region (Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6362
Author(s):  
Vieri Lastrucci ◽  
Francesco Innocenti ◽  
Chiara Lorini ◽  
Alice Berti ◽  
Caterina Silvestri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risky Driving ◽  
Cluster Membership ◽  
Driving Behaviors ◽  
Risky Driving Behaviors

(1) Background: Research on patterns of risky driving behaviors (RDBs) in adolescents is scarce. This study aims to identify distinctive patterns of RDBs and to explore their characteristics in a representative sample of adolescents. (2) Methods: this is a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of Tuscany Region students aged 14–19 years (n = 2162). The prevalence of 11 RDBs was assessed and a cluster analysis was conducted to identify patterns of RDBs. ANOVA, post hoc pairwise comparisons and multivariate logistic regression models were used to characterize cluster membership. (3) Results: four distinct clusters of drivers were identified based on patterns of RDBs; in particular, two clusters—the Reckless Drivers (11.2%) and the Careless Drivers (21.5%)—showed high-risk patterns of engagement in RDBs. These high-risk clusters exhibited the weakest social bonds, the highest psychological distress, the most frequent participation in health compromising and risky behaviors, and the highest risk of a road traffic accident. (4) Conclusion: findings suggest that it is possible to identify typical profiles of RDBs in adolescents and that risky driving profiles are positively interrelated with other risky behaviors. This clustering suggests the need to develop multicomponent prevention strategies rather than addressing specific RDBs in isolation.

scholarly journals The reliability of an error classification system developed for use by the International Islamic University Malaysia Primary Care Clinic

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuur Asikin Abd Raman ◽  
Samsul Draman ◽  
Ibrahim Adham Taib
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Medical Errors ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Primary Care Clinic ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Alpha Coefficient ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Error Classification

Introduction: Primary care is often the entry point for patients in a healthcare system. The literature, however suggests that primary care is not as safe as it should be due to medical errors. Because no error classification has been developed for preventing medical errors in Malaysian primary care clinics. Thus, this study aimed to develop an error classification system for use in the International Islamic University Malaysia Primary Care Clinic (IIUMPC) before assessing its reliability and acceptability to potential users. Methods: An error classification system for primary care was developed by merging four existing error classification systems. This cross-sectional study, then recruited 107 healthcare students as participants. Each student had to read 3 case studies on medical errors in primary care before classifying each case using the newly developed error classification system. The students then had to fill in a questionnaire to provide feedback about the classification system. The interrater reliability was then compared using Krippendorff's alpha. Results: Krippendorff’s alpha coefficient computed for Case I was 0.358, Case II was 0.369, while Case III was 0.314. The mean Krippendorff’s alpha coefficient for all three cases was 0.347. 72% of participants indicated their willingness to use the classification system in the future, citing ease of use (48%) among others. Conclusions: Although a new error classification system was successfully developed for use in the IIUMPC, the level of agreement between classifiers was considered low. Nevertheless, the positive responses by the participants warrant the classifications system's improvement.

Classification Systems of Cleft Lip, Alveolus and Palate: Results of an International Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110573
Author(s):  
Ruben Houkes ◽  
Johannes Smit ◽  
Peter Mossey ◽  
Peter Don Griot ◽  
Martin Persson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Cleft Extension

Objective This study aimed to identify commonly used classification systems by cleft providers around the world, including the perceived indications and limitations of each system. Design A cross-sectional survey. Participants A total of 197 registrants from three international cleft/craniofacial meetings. Interventions Participants were sent a web-based questionnaire concerning cleft classification systems. Main Outcome Measures Frequency of commonly used classification systems, their perceived indications and limitations. Results A total of 197 respondents from 166 different centers completed the questionnaire. Healthcare professionals from all disciplines responded, with the most frequent respondents being plastic surgeons (38.1%), maxillofacial surgeons (28.4%) and orthodontists (23.9%). Eighteen different classification systems were in use. The most frequently used systems were the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) (35.5%), LAHSHAL (34.0%), and Veau (32.5%) classification systems. Most respondents (32.5%) indicated that anatomical and morphological characteristics are essential components of a classification system. However, respondents indicated that their current classification systems lacked sufficient description of cleft extension and severity. Conclusions Great variety in the use of classification systems exists among craniofacial specialists internationally. The results recommend the usage of the LAHSHAL classification of OFCs, due to its comprehensiveness, relatively high implementation rate globally, convenience of usage and complementarity with the ICD-10 system. Moreover, it can overcome deficiencies inextricably linked to ICD-10, such as incapacity to describe laterality and clefts of the alveolus. More international exposure to the merits of using the LAHSHAL classification system would be highly recommended.

DIGITAL ECONOMY AND GLOBALIZATION: THE IMPORTANCE OF DIGITAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Farxod Tursunov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Entrepreneurship Development ◽  
New Business ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Digital Enterprise ◽  
New Business Models ◽  
Digital Entrepreneurship

The article discusses the role of the digital economy in the development of the country, how it becomes the basis of the economy, new business models and management systems. The opinion of scientistsis analyzed, a definition of a digital enterprise is given

Arts, Culture and the City: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
Charles Landry
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
City Development ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
New Business ◽  
Culture Heritage ◽  
Physical Assets ◽  
Social Importance

More people, more organizations, more towns, cities, regions and countries for more reasons have found that over the last 30 years the arts, their broader culture and overall creativity has something in it for them in renewal and revitalization. Over the last decade there have been over a hundred studies of the economic and social importance or impact of the arts, culture, heritage, the recycling of buildings for cultural purposes, creative quarters and the creative economy across the world. Yet there is much more to the arts, culture and creativity in city development. Places in transition urgently need to develop an overall culture of creativity cu ing across all domains within which the arts can be significant. This can be a painful exercise as old certainties crumble and systems, like education, need rethinking. Yet this can unleash new social innovations, new business models and new forms of citizen engagement. Renewal and transformation together are a cultural project involving a shift in mindset and perspective. Creativity is a primary resource as it creates the conditions from which innovations can emerge. Within this the creative economy sectors, especially when aligned to the dramatic digitization dynamic, play a significant role in developing new products and services, generating jobs, anchoring identity and helping expression. Cultural activities and programming and the physical assets of places, their heritage and older industrial buildings are significant elements in the renewal repertoire.

Country Radio

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Weisbard
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Country Music ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
World War ◽  
Musical Genre ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Media ◽  
New Business Models

This chapter considers the role played by radio in popularizing and defining country music. Radio as a format pursued a commercially driven mediation of identity that worked against applying an artistically driven musical genre definition. In particular, these debates revolved around gendered presentation and women as listeners and performers. From the 1920s through World War II, radio’s prominence in country turned on live radio shows as the media introduction of southern whites. A second era, from the end of the war to mid-1970s, saw a shift to disc jockeys and records: personality radio. Format radio country, a tighter programming approach, solidified from the mid-1970s to the mega mergers of the late 1990s. Most recently, in an era of Internet access and new business models for music, country has confronted the less sympathetic position of networked radio.

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