Classification Systems of Cleft Lip, Alveolus and Palate: Results of an International Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110573
Author(s):  
Ruben Houkes ◽  
Johannes Smit ◽  
Peter Mossey ◽  
Peter Don Griot ◽  
Martin Persson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Cleft Extension

Objective This study aimed to identify commonly used classification systems by cleft providers around the world, including the perceived indications and limitations of each system. Design A cross-sectional survey. Participants A total of 197 registrants from three international cleft/craniofacial meetings. Interventions Participants were sent a web-based questionnaire concerning cleft classification systems. Main Outcome Measures Frequency of commonly used classification systems, their perceived indications and limitations. Results A total of 197 respondents from 166 different centers completed the questionnaire. Healthcare professionals from all disciplines responded, with the most frequent respondents being plastic surgeons (38.1%), maxillofacial surgeons (28.4%) and orthodontists (23.9%). Eighteen different classification systems were in use. The most frequently used systems were the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) (35.5%), LAHSHAL (34.0%), and Veau (32.5%) classification systems. Most respondents (32.5%) indicated that anatomical and morphological characteristics are essential components of a classification system. However, respondents indicated that their current classification systems lacked sufficient description of cleft extension and severity. Conclusions Great variety in the use of classification systems exists among craniofacial specialists internationally. The results recommend the usage of the LAHSHAL classification of OFCs, due to its comprehensiveness, relatively high implementation rate globally, convenience of usage and complementarity with the ICD-10 system. Moreover, it can overcome deficiencies inextricably linked to ICD-10, such as incapacity to describe laterality and clefts of the alveolus. More international exposure to the merits of using the LAHSHAL classification system would be highly recommended.

Evolution of Hotel Classification System in Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Dmitry Aleksandrovich KOZLOV
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Classification System ◽  
State Standards ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
World Tourism Organization ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Tourism Organization

The main aim of this paper is to analyze the approaches to the system of classification of accommodation facilities in the Russian Federation. The United Nations World Tourism Organization pays great attention to the unification of classification systems for accommodation facilities in all countries of the world, issuing appropriate recommendations on tourism statistics systems, classification of economic activities, as well as criteria for interregional harmonization. In the Russian Federation, there are a number of laws, regulations, state standards, building and sanitary norms and rules concerning the classification of accommodation facilities. They are so imperfect that they have to be revised almost annually or even several times a year. The general statistics of accommodation facilities currently do not correspond to world recommendations. The classification system needs to be revised and brought into line with international standards as much as possible.

International Classification of External Causes of Injury: a cross sectional study on its coverage rate in Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Salehi ◽  
Leila Ahmadian ◽  
Shabnam Padidar
Keyword(s):  
Similar Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Coverage Rate ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Car Accidents ◽  
External Causes ◽  
Car Accident

Abstract Background Injuries are a major health issue worldwide and their prevention requires access to accurate statistics in this area. This can be achieved by using the data collected through the international classification systems. This study aimed at investigating the coverage rate of the International Classification of External Causes of Injury (ICECI) regarding the external causes of injury in Shahid Bahonar Hospital.Method This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was performed on 322 injured individuals visiting the emergency unit of Shahid Bahonar Hospital. The data were gathered through patients’ records, a designed form and interviews. The collected data were encoded based on the ICECI textbook by two encoders. Their agreement rate was calculated using the Kappa estimate of agreement. The coverage rate of the classification system and the degree of completeness of the required data for encoding in the patients’ records was measured. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software, ver. 19.Results The findings showed that 70% of the studied external causes of injury were covered by the ICECI system. Among the 322 cases, 138 (43%) had been referred due to car accidents. The injured were mostly drivers of land transport vehicles who had been unintentionally involved in a car accident. The least mechanism for injury was bite injury with 5 (2%) cases which had occurred at home or public transport with a similar rate and totally unintentional. ICECI was capable of classifying 92% of the data related to incident causes. The most incongruous coverage of this system belonged to the "activity when injured" axis (n=18). Lack of precise data recording in the medical files resulted in missing data in at least one of the axis of the incident causes in most records.Conclusion Given that some information regarding the external cause of injury was not categorized by the ICECI system, this research can identify the shortcomings of the system and help its developers to amend it in future revisions.

scholarly journals Classification and treatment of endothermal heat-induced thrombosis: Recommendations from the American Venous Forum and the Society for Vascular Surgery This Practice Guidelines document has been co-published in Phlebology [DOI: 10.1177/0268355520953759] and Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.06.008]. The publications are identical except for minor stylistic and spelling differences in keeping with each journal’s style. The contribution has been published under a Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

2020 ◽  
pp. 026835552095375
Author(s):  
Lowell S. Kabnick ◽  
Mikel Sadek ◽  
Haraldur Bjarnason ◽  
Dawn M. Coleman ◽  
Ellen D. Dillavou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Surgery ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Duplex Ultrasound ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Novel

The American Venous Forum (AVF) and the Society for Vascular Surgery set forth these guidelines for the management of endothermal heat-induced thrombosis (EHIT). The guidelines serve to compile the body of literature on EHIT and to put forth evidence-based recommendations. The guidelines are divided into the following categories: classification of EHIT, risk factors and prevention, and treatment of EHIT. One major feature is to standardize the reporting under one classification system. The Kabnick and Lawrence classification systems are now combined into the AVF EHIT classification system. The novel classification system affords standardization in reporting but also allows continued combined evaluation with the current body of literature. Recommendations codify the use of duplex ultrasound for the diagnosis of EHIT. Risk factor assessments and methods of prevention including mechanical prophylaxis, chemical prophylaxis, and ablation distance are discussed. Treatment guidelines are tailored to the AVF EHIT class (ie, I, II, III, IV). Reference is made to the use of surveillance, antiplatelet therapy, and anticoagulants as deemed indicated, and the recommendations incorporate the use of the novel direct oral anticoagulants. Last, EHIT management as it relates to the great and small saphenous veins is discussed.

scholarly journals The assessment of food security in homeless individuals: a comparison of the Food Security Survey Module and the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 2254-2259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna C Holland ◽  
Matthew C Kennedy ◽  
Stephen W Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Homeless Population ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Food ◽  
The Us ◽  
Food Insecurity Access

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), the US Food Security Survey Module (US FSSM) and a modified version of the US FSSM in which references to buying food were changed to references to getting food, in terms of their classification of food security levels among homeless individuals, and to determine which of these instruments was most preferred by homeless individuals.DesignA cross-sectional survey.SettingRecruitment of participants took place at seven shelters and from three drop-in programmes that serve homeless individuals in Toronto, Canada.SubjectsFifty individuals who were ≥18 years of age, able to communicate in English and currently homeless.ResultsThe modified US FSSM assigned 20 % of participants to a lower ordinal food security category compared with the US FSSM, and only 8 % to a higher food security category. The HFIAS assigned 30 % of participants to a lower food security category compared with either the US FSSM or the modified US FSSM, and only 10–16 % of participants to a higher food security category. When asked to compare all three instruments, the majority of respondents (62 %) selected the HFIAS as the best instrument for people who are homeless.ConclusionsA majority of homeless individuals selected the HFIAS as the best food security instrument for people who are homeless. Our findings suggest that the HFIAS is a more appropriate instrument than the US FSSM for measuring food security in the homeless population.

scholarly journals Classification of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence: building castles in the sand?

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Scott
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
The Difference

A classification system can benefit disturbed children enormously by bringing to bear a wealth of knowledge and experience. This can make all the difference between an inadequate consultation and a precise formulation of the nature and extent of a child's difficulties, their cause, the likely outcome and a realistic treatment plan. However, inappropriate application of a diagnostic label that has little validity could do more harm than good, and classification systems can be misused. This paper discusses, with examples, issues particular to childhood and adolescence that diagnostic systems need to address if they are to be useful. It considers different solutions applied by the two most widely used schemes, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD–10; World Heath Organization, 1992) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Finally, the types of criteria used to validate categories are discussed.

scholarly journals The Logic Behind the Classification of Sciences in the Arab-Islamic Classification Systems: with the Modern Western Classification Systems An Analytical Comparative Reading

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Nahed Mohamad Basyoni Salem
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Library Of Congress ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Rules And Principles ◽  
Modern Classification ◽  
Decimal Classification

This study aimed to explore the rules and principles adopted in the Arab-Islamic Classification Systems and tried to identify their scientific methods to determine the relations between sciences. The study followed the comparative analytical method to analyze and compare the Arab-Islamic Classification Systems with the Western modern ones represented in the Dewey Decimal Classification System and the Library of Congress Classification System. The research tries to explore the logic behind classification of sciences in the Arab-Islamic Classification Systems. The findings revealed that the Arab-Islamic Classification Systems follow the same rules and principles of modern classification systems and their types are represented in the types of modern Western classification systems. The study recommends the need to conduct research on the Arab-Islamic Classification Systems and introduce it. 

scholarly journals The classifications of subaxial cervical spine traumatic injuries. Part 4. AOSpine Subaxial Classification System

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Oleksii S. Nekhlopochyn ◽  
Ievgenii I. Slynko ◽  
Vadim V. Verbov
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Subaxial Cervical Spine ◽  
Spine Injuries ◽  
Injury Classification

Cervical spine injuries are a fairly common consequence of mechanical impact on the human body. The subaxial level of the cervical spine accounts for approximately half to 2/3 of these injuries. Despite the numerous classification systems that exist for describing these injuries, the recommendations for treatment strategy are very limited, and currently none of them is universal and generally accepted. Consequently, treatment decisions are based on the individual experience of the specialist, but not on evidence or algorithms. While the classification system based on the mechanism of trauma originally proposed by B.L. Allen et al. and subsequently modified by J.H. Harris Jr et al., was comprehensive, but lacked evidence, which to some extent limited its clinical applicability. Similarly, the Subaxial Injury Classification System proposed by the Spine Trauma Group, had no distinct and clinically significant patterns of morphological damage. This fact hindered the standardization and unification of tactical approaches. As an attempt to solve this problem, in 2016 Alexander Vaccaro, together with AO Spine, proposed the AO Spine subaxial cervical spine injury classification system, using the principle of already existing AOSpine classification of thoracolumbar injuries. The aim of the project was to develop an effective system that provides clear, clinically relevant morphological descriptions of trauma patterns, which should contribute to the determination of treatment strategy. The proposed classification of cervical spine injuries at the subaxial level follows the same hierarchical approach as previous AO classifications, namely, it characterizes injuries based on 4 parameters: (1) injury morphology, (2) facet damage, (3) neurological status, and (4) specific modifiers. The morphology of injuries is divided into 3 subgroups of injuries: A (compression), B (flexion-distraction), and C (dislocations and displacements). Damage types A and B are divided into 5 (A0-A4) and 3 (B1-B3) subtypes, respectively. When describing damage of the facet joints, 4 subtypes are distinguished: F1 (fracture without displacement), F2 (unstable fracture), F3 (floating lateral mass) and F4 (dislocation). The system also integrates the assessment of neurological status, which is divided into 6 subtype). In addition, the classification includes 4 specific modifiers designed to better detail a number of pathological conditions. The performance evaluation of AOSpine SCICS showed a moderate to significant range of consistency and reproducibility. Currently, a quantitative scale for assessing the severity of classification classes has been proposed, which also, to a certain extent, contributes to decision-making regarding treatment strategy.

scholarly journals Coding Public Health Interventions for Health Technology Assessments: A Pilot Experience With WHO's International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Wübbeler ◽  
Sebastian Geis ◽  
Jovana Stojanovic ◽  
Lise Elliott ◽  
Iñaki Gutierrez-Ibarluzea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Prevention Interventions

Introduction: An important requirement for successful public health interventions is a standardized classification in order to make these health technologies comparable in all contexts and recognized by all parties. The WHO International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI), including an integrated public health component, has been developed to propose such an international standard.Methods: To test (a) the translation of public health interventions to ICHI codes and (b) the technical handling and general coding in public health, we used a set of public health interventions from a recent cross-sectional survey among Health Technology Assessment professionals.Results: Our study showed that handling of the ICHI interface is stable, that there is a need for specificity and adequate detail of intervention descriptions and desired outcomes to code adequately with ICHI and that the professional background of the coder, as well as his/her sex might influence the selection of codes.Conclusion: International Classification of Health Interventions provides a good coverage of public health interventions. However, the broader character of system wide interventions, often involving a variety of institutions and stakeholders, may present a challenge to the application of ICHI coding. Based on this experience, we would tailor future surveys more specifically to the needs of the classification and we advise training for health professionals before coding with ICHI. Standards of reporting will likely strengthen insights about the efficiency of primary prevention interventions and thus benefit long-term health of populations and structured HTA reporting process.

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