scholarly journals Comprehensive Evaluation of the Importance of Ecological Land in Arid Hilly Cities in Northwest China: A Case Study of the Core Urban Area of Lanzhou

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 942
Author(s):  
Yiping Liu ◽  
Chengpeng Lu ◽  
Jinhuang Mao ◽  
Jiaxing Pang ◽  
Zhiliang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Service Function ◽  
Ecological Service ◽  
Bare Land ◽  
Urbanized Areas ◽  
Ecological Demand

Cities in hilly arid areas of northwest China have generally experienced a low level of economic development; they also have unique natural characteristics such as climate, soil, terrain, environment, and surface cover. High quality ecological lands are those that provide humans and the environment with relatively high levels of ecological services including soil, water, and air purification, adsorbing pollutants, or providing water or nutrients needed by plants. In this study, ecological lands were classified as woodland, grassland, water area, and bare land. The present study constructed an ecological land model designed to evaluate the importance of such land from the perspective of ecological service function and ecological demand intensity. Results revealed that: (1) This model can help researchers to better analyze the structure and spatial characteristics of ecological land in cities and also meet the needs of ecological protection and urban management in highly urbanized areas. (2) In terms of ecological service function and ecological demand intensity, the most important ecological land is mostly distributed in densely populated and urbanized areas, and the spread of urbanization is conducive to the improvement of land ecological value for the arid hilly area of northwest China. (3) Among all types of ecological land, the water area had the highest ecological value in the study area, while the grassland had the most potential for improvement, as careful planning and use can allow grassland to function as an ecological barrier while providing good, aesthetically pleasing space for leisure activities for the general public. (4) Qilihe and Xigu districts have more generally important graded areas of forest, grassland, and bare land, although the current ecological value of these lands is limited, though they have great potential for ecological improvement.

Spatial-Temporal Dynamics of Disease Burden Attributable to Pm2.5 Exposure in China From 2000 to 2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Cao
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Chinese Yuan

Abstract In recent years, long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has slowly increased both morbidity and mortality for Chinese people, becoming a leading problem for public health efforts. However, spatial-temporal dynamics of disease burden attributable to PM2.5 exposure still lacks a comprehensive evaluation so as to provide inadequate supports for policy making and improvement. Here, we used the exposure-response function to derive the spatial-temporal dynamics of disease burden attributable to PM2.5 pollution in China. We found the fact that economic loss attributable to PM2.5 increased by 93% from 35 billion Chinese Yuan (95% CI: 14-52) to 536 billion Chinese Yuan (95%CI: 236-753) during the period of 16 years. Digging further, we discovered a substantiate level of regional differences, with the disease burden being the most severe in East China and the least severe in the Northwest China. Other than that, there existed a spatial aggregation of health-related economic losses among Chinese cities. Our paper made an evaluation on the spatial-temporal dynamics of health effects attributed to PM2.5, an evaluation that could provide more insights to future policy making of the air pollution control for China and other developing countries.

Study on Dynamic Changes of Soil Erosion in the North and South Mountains of Lanzhou

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Jinping Lei ◽  
Cungang Xu ◽  
Yuxin Yin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
The North ◽  
Joint Influence ◽  
Bare Land ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
North And South

Abstract This study takes the north and south mountains of Lanzhou as the study area, calculates the soil erosion modulus of the north and south mountains of Lanzhou based on the five major soil erosion factors in the RUSLE model and analyzes the temporal and spatial dynamic changes of soil erosion and the characteristics of soil erosion under different environmental factors. The results show that the soil erosion intensity of the north and south mountains of Lanzhou is mainly micro erosion in 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2018. They are distributed in the northwest and southeast of the north and south mountains. Under different environmental factors, the soil erosion modulus first increased and then decreased with the increase of altitude; the soil erosion modulus increased with the increase of slope; the average soil erosion modulus of grassland and woodland was larger, and the average soil erosion modulus of water area was the smallest; except for bare land, the average soil erosion modulus decreased with the increase of vegetation coverage. The soil erosion modulus in the greening range is lower than that outside the greening scope, mainly the result of the joint influence of precipitation, soil and vegetation.

Study on the Distribution of Land Value-Added Income Based on Ecological Compensation

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 1040-1043
Author(s):  
Le Sun ◽  
Shao Feng Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Compensation System ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
Service Value ◽  
Ecological Service ◽  
Ecological Protection

Farmland has important ecological service value. Underestimating the added value is one of the reasons of extensive land use. From the view of ecological protection and sustainable development, this paper discusses the ecological function of farmland and assesses its ecological value by using statistical methods. Taking Shaoxing county of Zhejiang province as an example, the study analyzes the necessity of ecological compensation based on the investigation of land uses current situation and land acquisition compensation level. The compensation system in land acquisition should be improved in the aspects of institution, concept and policy.

scholarly journals Life cycle water footprint assessment of concrete production in Northwest China

Water Policy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Ding ◽  
Wenxiu Dong ◽  
Ailin Zhang ◽  
Zhenhua Wang ◽  
Na Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Moderate Pressure ◽  
Concrete Production

Abstract Concrete requires a large amount of water throughout the product life cycle. This study constructs a comprehensive evaluation model of the life cycle water footprint (LCWF) of concrete production. It calculates the LCWF of concrete in Northwest China. The main conclusions are: (1) The vast water consumption of the concrete industry is closely related to VWF, which is the focus of LCWF assessment. The first three significant factors are WF of Coarse aggregate, Meals, and Cement. (2) the overproduction of cement is 15,731 × 104t, which results in the excessive consumption of water resources of 24,035 × 104m3. Excessive water consumption in the domestic cement trade is equivalent to an outflow of water resources. (3) The water stress index (WSI) of Northwest China is 0.67 (in Heavy pressure). The WSI of Qinghai (0.05) and Shaanxi (0.5) are in Mild pressure and Moderate pressure, respectively, while the WSI of Gansu is 0.67 (in Heavy pressure). It is worth noting that the WSI of Ningxia (9.01) and Xinjiang (1.28) are under Extreme pressure. The sustainable development of water resources in Northwest China is under heavy pressure, exacerbated by the growth of the concrete and cement industries.

scholarly journals Land Use and Land Cover Change as an Indicator of Watershed Urban Development in the Kenyan Lake Victoria Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-345
Author(s):  
Dancan Otieno Onyango ◽  
Christopher O. Ikporukpo ◽  
John O. Taiwo ◽  
Stephen B. Opiyo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Lake Victoria Basin ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Bare Land

The socio-economic and ecological value of Lake Victoria is threatened by significant regional development and urbanization. This study analyzed spatial-temporal land use/land cover changes in the Kenyan Lake Victoria basin from 1978–2018 using Landsat 3, 4-5 and 8 imagery, with a view to identifying the extent and potential impacts of urbanization on the basin. Supervised image classification was undertaken following the Maximum Likelihood algorithm to generate land use/land cover maps at ten-year intervals. Results indicate that the basin is characterized by six main land use/land cover classes namely, agricultural land, water bodies, grasslands and vegetation, bare land, forests and built-up areas. Further, the results indicate that the basin has experienced net increases in built-up areas (+97.56%), forests (+17.30%) and agricultural land (+3.54%) over the last 40 years. During the same period, it experienced net losses in grassland and vegetation (-37.36%), bare land (-9.28%) and water bodies (-2.19%). Generally, the changing landscapes in the basin are characterized by conversion of natural environments to built-up environments and driven by human activities, urban populations and public policy decisions. The study therefore recommends the establishment of a land use system that creates a balance between the ecological realm and sustainable development.

Evaluating water resources allocation in arid areas of northwest China using a projection pursuit dynamic cluster model

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 762-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-fang Yue ◽  
Qing-jie Wang ◽  
Yi-zhen Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Projection Pursuit ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Resources Allocation ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Water Resources Allocation ◽  
Dynamic Cluster

Abstract Water resources allocation decision-making in an arid region should consider the interaction of the economy, the environment, society, resources and other factors. In this paper, an index system for the comprehensive evaluation of water resources allocation in arid areas is established in response to the shortage of water resources, over-utilization of groundwater, and an unreasonable structure of agricultural water demand in the arid region of northwest China. It has been formulated based on current river basin water resources allocation practices and consideration of the fairness, efficiency and resource utilization rationality of water resources allocation. The projection tracking dynamic clustering approach was applied to analyze alternative water resource allocation schemes in the Kiz River Basin. It is concluded that the evaluation results demonstrate the following. (1) The PPDC model takes the actual measured value of the index as the basis for comprehensive evaluation, and it avoids the bias caused by the subjective formulation of weights. An optimal allocation scheme that has higher annual comprehensive benefits can better serve regional water resources management. (2) A projection pursuit dynamic cluster approach can deliver results which are more objective and reliable than existing evaluation approaches for water resources allocation. (3) Grey correlation analysis and projection tracking dynamic clustering are basically consistent with the evaluation results for water resources allocation in the Kiz River Basin. This suggests that the projection pursuit dynamic cluster is suitable for the evaluation of water resources allocation schemes.

scholarly journals Integrated Evaluation of the Water Deficit Irrigation Scheme of Indigowoad Root under Mulched Drip Irrigation in Arid Regions of Northwest China Based on the Improved TOPSIS Method

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1532
Author(s):  
Zeyi Wang ◽  
Hengjia Zhang ◽  
Yucai Wang ◽  
Chenli Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Entropy Weight ◽  
Mulched Drip Irrigation

Limited water resources and low water productivity limit the sustainable development of agriculture in northwest China. In this study, drip irrigation under plastic film was used to achieve an optimal water deficit irrigation (WDI) scheme for the cultivation of indigowoad root (Isatis tinctoria L.). Field water control experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017. Evaluation of WDI schemes was carried out by considering five indices: water consumption, yield, water use efficiency (WUE), indigo, and (R,S)-goitrin. To enhance the reliability of results, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight method (EWM) were adopted to calculate the combined weight of the evaluation index. Finally, an improved technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) that integrated AHP–EWM weights was used to construct a unified, comprehensive evaluation model of indigowoad root under mulched drip irrigation that would produce high yield while saving water. The evaluation results indicated that mild WD (specifically, the V1G1 treatment) was continuously exerted during the vegetative and fleshy root growth periods, which enhanced the WUE and improved the quality of indigowoad root to a certain extent without significantly reducing the yield. These results provide a scientific basis for irrigation of indigowoad in northwest China and other areas with a similar environment.

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