scholarly journals Morpho-Tectonic Assessment of the Abu-Dabbab Area, Eastern Desert, Egypt: Insights from Remote Sensing and Geospatial Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 784
Author(s):  
Abdelrahman Khalifa ◽  
Bashar Bashir ◽  
Abdullah Alsalman ◽  
Nazik Öğretmen
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Eastern Desert ◽  
Valley Floor ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Asymmetry Factor ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Stream Length ◽  
Seismic Region ◽  
Hypsometric Integral

The Abu-Dabbab area, located in the central part of the Egyptian Eastern Desert, is an active seismic region where micro-earthquakes (≈ML < 2.0) are recorded regularly. Earthquake epicenters are concentrated along an ENE–WSW trending pattern. In this study, we used morphological indexes, including the valley floor width-to-valley floor height ratio (Vf), mountain front sinuosity (Smf), the asymmetry factor index (Af), the drainage basin shape index (Bs), the stream length–gradient index (SL), hypsometric integral (Hi) water drainage systems, and a digital elevation model analysis, to identify the role of tectonics. These indexes were used to define the relative tectonic activity index (RTAI), which can be utilized to distinguish low (RTAI < 1.26), moderate (RTAI = 1.26–1.73), and high (RTAI > 1.73) tectonic activity signals all over the study area. Firstly, our results indicate low to medium tectonic activity and general anomaly patterns detected along the major tectonic zones of the study area. Secondly, based on most of the low to medium tectonic activity distributed in the study area and the detected anomalies, we discuss two potential drivers of the seismicity in the Abu-Dabbab area, which are fault-controlled and deep-rooted activities.

scholarly journals TECTONIC GEOMORPHOLOGY OF THE KARANGSAMBUNG AREA, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-105
Author(s):  
Edi Hidayat ◽  
Dicky Muslim ◽  
Zufialdi Zakaria ◽  
Haryadi Permana ◽  
Dimas Aryo Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Tectonic Geomorphology ◽  
Geological Data ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Hypsometric Integral ◽  
Geological Conditions

Karangsambung, located in Central Java, Indonesia has complex geological conditions of the tectonic evolution of Java Island due to the subduction process of the India-Australia plate with the Eurasian plate in the Cretaceous-Paleocene. The tectonic movements in the subduction zone have resulted in diverse geological structures and rock types and impact the morphological shape of the study area. The level of tectonic activity in the study area can be determined using a tectonic geomorphological approach. A digital elevation model and geographic information systems are used for geomorphic data processing. Geological data observations were also carried out in the form of river terraces. Seven geomorphic index parameters have been calculated to determine the youngest tectonic activity through the relative tectonic activity index (IAT) of the study area: the ratio of the valley floor width to the valley height, the drainage basin asymmetry, the river gradient-length index, the basin shape index, mountain front sinuosity, drainage density, and the hypsometric integral/hypsometric curve. The IAT score is divided into four classes which are class 1 (0%) very highly, class 2 (13%) highly, class 3 (56%) moderately, and class 4 (31%) low. The IAT shows that the research area is categorized as an active tectonic area so that the morphology formed is more influenced by tectonic activity than erosion. Geological data analysis on uplifted and deformed river terrace outcrops shows that the study area is affected by neotectonic activity.

scholarly journals Using morphometric and geomorphic indices to assess Western São Francisco Craton neotectonic traces

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e184588
Author(s):  
Mário Teixeira Rodrigues Bragança ◽  
Luiz Fernando de Paula Barros ◽  
Déborah de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Structural Control ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Asymmetry Factor ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Stream Length ◽  
Geomorphic Indices ◽  
Fluvial Morphology ◽  
Hypsometric Integral

Recently, geomorphometric properties of river networks and catchments have been described and applied as an efficient tool in the investigation of the landforms' response to neotectonics. Geometric parameters of the Cotovelo River catchment extracted from an Alos-Palsar digital elevation model were used to compute morphometric and geomorphic indices to investigate whether the bedrock structure and recent active tectonics influence the local drainage network. The Cotovelo catchment is situated in the Middle to Upper Proterozoic western foreland basin of the São Francisco craton, in northwestern Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil; it is presumed to be a stable piece of earth’s crust. The automatically generated streams were processed at the sub-catchment scale to calculate the hypsometric integral, relief ratio, stream frequency, and drainage density morphometric indices as well as supported a geomorphic study based on the basin shape, asymmetry factor, valley floor width-to-height ratio, mountain front sinuosity, transverse topographic symmetry factor, and stream-length gradient index. Achieved results revealed recent and low-rate tectonic activity and structural control on the fluvial morphology. Prominent knickpoints, aligned with mapped fault scarps, disclose straight erosive fronts away from stratigraphic borders, indicating these features are unrelated to lithological changes. Despite the catchment location, the area exhibits impressive fluvial anomalies, and dissection occurs preferentially along ancient faults and fractures densely occurring in the rocky strata. Channel parallelism in context of medium to high relief and steep slopes, remarkably structurally drive fluvial dissection, asymmetric and elongated drainage catchments, and aligned landforms suggest neotectonic influence on the drainage network.

scholarly journals Geomorphic and tectonic implications of the endorheic to exorheic transition of the Ebro River system in northeast Iberia

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 472-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel Soria-Jáuregui ◽  
Francisco Jiménez-Cantizano ◽  
Loreto Antón
Keyword(s):  
Transient State ◽  
River System ◽  
Asymmetry Factor ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Stream Length ◽  
Ebro River ◽  
Iberian Range ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Hypsometric Integral ◽  
Mountain Front

AbstractThe Ebro catchment includes a continental foreland basin that underwent an endorheic–exorheic transition. Morphometric studies, including hypsometric curves, hypsometric integrals, asymmetry factor, mountain front sinuosity, normalised stream-length gradient, and normalised concavity indices for the Ebro River and 32 of its tributaries, show the signals of transient response to this major drainage change. The Ebro River, its upper catchment tributaries, and the Pyrenean tributaries have concave-up longitudinal profiles, concave hypsometric curves, and low hypsometric integrals, parameters typical of deeply dissected basins. This suggests a mature stage of development, controlled by the shift of the base level to the Mediterranean Sea. Iberian Range tributaries display low concavity profiles with numerous knickpoints and high values of hypsometric integral, indicating a transient state as a response to tectonic uplift, ratified by the values of mountain front sinuosity surrounding the basin.

scholarly journals Assessment of tectonic control on the development of low mountains moderate relief in the Outer Carpathians (Southern Poland)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 2297-2320
Author(s):  
Janusz Godziek ◽  
Krzysztof Gaidzik
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Analysis ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Tectonic Deformation ◽  
Gradient Index ◽  
Tectonic Structures ◽  
Stream Length ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Hypsometric Integral ◽  
Uplift Rates ◽  
Outer Carpathians

Abstract Inherited tectonic structures, ongoing tectonic deformation, and variations in relative rock uplift rates play an important role in conditioning the processes of relief development. Their influence among other factors, such as climate and lithology, can be quantified using landscape analysis, and geomorphometric indices, in particular. The usage of landscape analysis in recent years is increasing systematically due to the constant improvement of the digital elevation models and GIS software that significantly facilitate this approach. In this study, we aim to recognize the influence of tectonic structures and processes on relief development in the low mountains with moderate relief of the Soła River catchment in the Western Outer Carpathians. To this end, we calculated geomorphometric indices (river longitudinal profile, stream-length gradient index, minimum bulk erosion, relief ratio, circulatory ratio, elongation ratio, and hypsometric integral) for the Sola River and its 47 sub-catchments using a 25-m spatial resolution Digital Terrain Elevation Data Level 2. Additionally, we identified lineaments and knickpoints and correlated the computed results with local and regional fault networks, variations in lithology, and climate fluctuations. Obtained results indicate a significant impact of inherited tectonic structures on the relief development of the Soła River catchment, i.e., directions of principal ridges and valleys follow the orientation of main folds and faults recorded in this area. Anomalously high values of minimum bulk erosion, river gradient, and stream-length gradient index allowed us to define two areas with higher relative uplift rates: 1) the Sola Gorge and 2) the Beskid Żywiecki Mts. Polish Outer Carpathians are generally considered as an area of low strain rate and low seismic activity. However, the possibility of neotectonic processes should be considered in geohazard estimations. Observed bends in the direction of river valleys that do not correspond with changes in lithology could be related to active strike-slip faults. These are probably the reactivated basement structures, copied in the thin-skinned nappe cover, as a result of the accommodation of the Mur-Žilina Fault Zone resulting from the tectonic push of the Alcapa (Alpine-Carpathian-Pannonian) microplate against the European plate. Thus, the role of recent tectonic activity in relief development of the Sola River catchment even though appears to be subsidiary at the most, should not be excluded.

scholarly journals Morphotectonic Analysis of Euphrates River Basin/ Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 217-229
Author(s):  
Zeyad Jameel Al- Saedi ◽  
Mustafa Rashead Al-Obaidi
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Active Tectonics ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Euphrates River ◽  
Sinuosity Index ◽  
Hypsometric Integral ◽  
Active Tectonic ◽  
Main Basin

Morphological and morphotectonic analysis have been used to obtain information that influences basis. The study area includes the Euphrates river basin in Iraq. Tectonically this area within a Stable shelf, The Stable Shelf which covers the vast majority of the focal south and west of Iraq reaches out into Syria and Jordan and Southwards into Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. It is separated in Iraq into three considerable structural zones. Discrimination of morphotectonic indices of Euphrates basin by using sevenindices. The Euphrates basin (main basin) was divided into four sub-basin (s.b) Wadi Horan, Wadi Ubaiyidh, Shuab Hwaimy, and Shuab Qusair. Which has been completed for each drainage basin utilizing remote sensing and GIS techniques? So as to identify the tectonic activity, different indices including Drainage density (D), Sinuosity index (S), Hypsometric integral (HI), Drainage basin asymmetry (AF), Basin Shape (BS), Transverse Topographic Symmetry (T) and Active tectonic index (Iat). The study demonstrates that the intensity of tectonic activities in different parts of the basin and sub-basins are different. The values of Drainage density (D) main basin and sub-basins are in high classes which mean that the study area has resultant of slight or impermeable subsurface material, little vegetation as well as a good discharge for water and sediments. The Sinuosity index (S) of all study area are sinuous and its semi-equilibrium. Hypsometric integral (HI) of Horan, Ubaiyidh and shuab Hwaimy sub-basins shows high values of HI which means high rates of geological erosion while the shuab Qusair and main basin shows moderate of erosion rates, HI high values shows that study area is tectonically uplifted. According to the calculation of Drainage basin asymmetry (AF) the study area reflects inactive tectonic activity. The Basin Shape (BS) all of the basins are in third class and it reflects inactive tectonic activity. After computing Transverse Topographic Symmetry (T) index in the area of investigate, the outcome demonstrate that all the subbasins lie in low active tectonics except wadi Horan and the main basin was moderate active tectonics. Based on an Active tectonic index (Iat) all the basins were moderate active tectonics except Horan subbasin is active tectonically. These basins have evolved as a result of plate movements, subsidence, uplift and various erosional processes. The study shows the variable relationship between faulting and valleys but most of the trends of faults are subparallel to the Euphrates River. Faults orientations in the study area are parallel to NE-SW direction and NW-SE direction. And also the type of drainage network in the study area which is varied from dendritic to parallel with SW-NE trending and its indicate that study area may be structurally controlled.

scholarly journals Earthquake hazard potential along the Panjal Thrust and the Zanskar Thrust, NW Himalaya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikram Singh Bali ◽  
Ahsan Afzal Wani
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Asymmetry Factor ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Nw Himalaya ◽  
Geomorphic Indices ◽  
The North ◽  
Hypsometric Integral ◽  
Moderate Earthquake ◽  
Kashmir Basin ◽  
Extreme North

Abstract Kashmir basin is considered to be tectonically active where damaging earthquakes (historical and instrumental) and landslides have occurred. These geologic catastrophes make Kashmir valley prone to hazards. The fault bound Kashmir basin is marked by two mountain fronts: MF1 associated with the Panjal Thrust (PT) and Balapor Fault (BF) and MF2 associated with the Zanskar Thrust. These two structural units make Kashmir valley very susceptible to earthquakes. With this in view the whole basin was divided into 22 sub-basins. However only nine extreme north and south sub basins (five extreme southern and four northern extreme north) were studied to carry out relative tectonic activity of these two tectonic units. With the help of K-mean clustering of eight basin-related geomorphic indices (Hypsometric integral (Hi), Asymmetry factor (Af), Mountain front sinuosity (Smf), Basin shape (Circularity ratio (KA) and Elongation ratio (Eb)), Form factor (Ff), Bifurcation ratio (Rb) and Sinuosity index (Si) were calculated. The results of the geomorphic indices were correlated with the structural and seismic data after that they were grouped into low three (Class1), moderate (class2) and high (class3) relative tectonic activity zones based on the quantified geomorphic indices, earthquake data, structural data and field observations. The overall results infer the tectonic activity dies out towards the north of the Kashmir Valley. It was observed that the highest tectonic activity mostly corresponds to the sub basins in vicinity of the PT and BF stretching 100 Km from Shopian to Baramulla. The least tectonic activity was found to be associated with the ZT lying to the north and northeast part of the Kashmir Valley. The seismic frequency and the overall data analysis infer that the south and Southwestern side of the Kashmir has potential of moderate earthquake in future.

scholarly journals Evaluation of active tectonics using geomorphic indices in a mountainous basin of Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Siamak BAHARVAND ◽  
Biswajeet PARDHAN ◽  
Salman SOORI
Keyword(s):  
Great Basin ◽  
Active Tectonics ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Stream Length ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Geomorphic Indices ◽  
Hypsometric Integral ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACTThis study aims to evaluate the tectonic activities of the Vark basin, located in the great basin of Dez River in northwestern Iran, using geomorphologic indices combined with the geographical information system technique. Some geomorphic indices were used to achieve this aim. In this regard, the indices of stream length (SL), drainage asymmetry (Af), hypsometric integral (Hi), valley floor ratio (Vf), basin shape (Bs), and mountain sinuosity (Smf) were estimated to reach an average index of relative tectonics (Iat), indicating the intensity classes of tectonic activity. The mean SL, Hi, Vf, and Bs values were estimated as 2273, 0.55, 0.45, and 1.75, respectively, regarding the active class of tectonic activity. Therefore, considering the Af and Smf indices with values of 27 and 1.14, the basin was categorised as having semi-active conditions. The overall Iat, with a value of 1.33, represented the very high class (1.0 < Iat < 1.5) of tectonic activity. Hence, by calculating the index of relative active tectonics, the study area is observed as the intensive class concerning tectonic movements. Overall, the mean values of the Iat for all sub-basins were calculated as 1.50, 1.17, and 1.83, revealing the very high and high classes of active tectonics in the basin. The results obtained on tectonic activity were further confirmed during field observations by examining the structurally complex joints, folds, slips, faults, and fractures of the area, which reflect the dynamic nature of the regional tectonics.

scholarly journals Η επίδραση της γεωλογίας και της τεκτονικής στην εξέλιξη του υδρογραφικού δικτύου και της υδρολογικής λεκάνης του ποταμού Πάμισου της Θεσσαλίας.

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Κ. ΒΟΥΒΑΛΙΔΗΣ ◽  
Α. ΣΦΕΙΚΟΣ ◽  
Θ. ΠΑΡΑΣΧΟΥ ◽  
Χ. ΚΕΧΑΓΙΑ ◽  
Δ. ΨΩΜΙΑΔΗΣ
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basin ◽  
River System ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Terrain Analysis ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Fluvial Terraces ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Hypsometric Integral

River Pamisos is a main tributary of Pinios River, draining the SW part of the Thessaly catchment area. The river's drainage basin comprises part of the plain as well as of the mountainous terrain that bounds the broader Thessaly Plain. In this paper we present the results of both qualitative and quantitative analyses of the drainage network and morphology through processing of digitized data with GIS software. Quantitative measurements allowed objectively to compare different landforms and to calculate less straightforward parameters (geomorphic indices) that may be useful for the identifying particular characteristics of the area, such as the level of tectonic activity and geologic conffiocm the analysis of the hydrographie network values for the D and F parameters were calculated. In addition, terrain analysis resulted in useful conclusions about morphologic indices, derivation of hypsographic curves and integrals for the entire study area. Similarly, the morphological study of fluvial terraces together with that of sub-basins resulted in determination of erosive activity of the river. Finally, the analysis of certain morphometric indices obtained from the hydrographie network and morphology subsequent analyses was used to define the influence of geologic formations and tectonics upon the evolution of the river system. One of the major results of this paper is that the shape of the hypsometric curve and the calculation of the hypsometric integral indicate a mature stage of development for the Pamissos River drainage basin. It is generally known that the landscape in recently developed - active orogens is shaped mainly by two factors, tectonic activity and surface erosion. If we accept that the denudation – erosion rates in Hellenic orogen are approximately the same, then the lack of landmass (indicated by hypsometric integral) should implicate a basin expansion due to tectonic control.

scholarly journals Ποσοτική ανάλυση - μορφοτεκτονικοί δείκτες για τις περιοχές των ρηγμάτων Στρατωνίου - Βαρβάρας και Γοματίου - μεγάλης Παναγιάς (Ανατολική Χαλκιδική)

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Α. ΜΙΧΑΗΛΙΔΟΥ ◽  
Α. ΧΑΤΖΗΠΕΤΡΟΣ ◽  
Σ. ΠΑΥΛΙΔΗΣ
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Fault Scarp ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Stream Length ◽  
Hypsometric Integral ◽  
Mountain Front

The study area is located at the NE part of Chalkidiki peninsula. Geologicaly it belongs at Servomacedonian mass. The faults of Stratoni - Barbara and Gomati- M. Panagia have an important role at the surface morphology of the area. These are typically active faults and they are the most important neotectonic structures at Eastern Chaikidiki. For the study of surface morphology a quantitative morphotectonic analysis has been done with the contribution of Geographical Information Systems GIS. The morphological indicators we have studied are: hypsometric curve and hypsometric integral, drainage basin asymmetry, mountain - front sinuosity, stream length - gradient index, transverse topographic symmetry, radio of valley - floor width to valley height and fault scarp morphology. This morphotectonic analysis has confirmed the field observations. Major role in this research had the use of satellite pictures and 3D models (Digital Elevation Model - D.E.M.).

Late Cenozoic Tectonic Activity of the Śnieżnik Massif Area (Sudetes, Sw Poland)in the Light of Lidar Dem Morphometric Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Sobczyk ◽  
Marek Kasprzak
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Asymmetry Factor ◽  
Late Cenozoic ◽  
The West ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Fault Block ◽  
Hypsometric Integral ◽  
Sw Poland ◽  
Lidar Dem ◽  
Differential Uplift

AbstractŚnieżnik Massif represents a prominent morphological feature in the East Sudetes, which is bounded by a system of faults controlling its differential uplift. Vertical movements originated at least during the Oligocene times, with culmination phase in Pliocene times, whereas estimated total uplift was in the range of 500-1000 meters. This study presents a qualitative (geomorphometric) and quantitative (morphotectonic) approach that combines Late Cenozoic tectonic uplift model with landscape evolution theories. Application of basin asymmetry factor (AF) and hypsometric integral (Hi) analyses allowed recognizing a NW trending tilted fault blocks. They originated as a result of Palaeogene planation surface braking and differential uplift. Uplift and later fault-block tilting in the Śnieżnik Massif morphotectonic unit, were generally realized along NE-SW striking Wilkanow fault to the west and WNW-ESE striking southern fault zone, as expressed here e.g. by Potoczek-Branna, Herˇmranice and Pisary faults.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document