scholarly journals Possessives, from Franco-Provençal and Occitan Systems to Contact Dialects in Apulia and Calabria

Languages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Benedetta Baldi ◽  
Leonardo Maria Savoia
Keyword(s):  
Language Variation ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Definite Article ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
North West ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Complex Knowledge ◽  
Italian Dialects ◽  
Transfer Mechanisms

This article investigates the contact-induced reorganization of the possessive system in the Gallo-Romance dialects spoken from around the 12th century in the villages of Celle and Faeto in North Apulia and Guardia Piemontese in North-West Calabria. Gallo-Romance possessives exclude the article in the prenominal position, whereas in the Southern Italian dialects, possessives follow the noun preceded by the definite article. This original contrast is no longer visible in the varieties of Celle, Faeto and Guardia which changed the original prenominal position to the postnominal position combining with the article, except with kinship terms, preserving the original prenominal position. At the heart of contact phenomena, there are bilingualism and transfer mechanisms between the languages included in the complex knowledge of the speaker, suggesting a test bed for the treatment of language variation and parameterization. We propose an account of morpho-syntactic and interpretive properties of possessives, making use of the insights from the comparison of contact systems with prenominal (Franco-Provençal and Occitan varieties) and postnominal (Southern Italian dialects) possessives. The final part examines the distribution of possessives, tracing it back to the definiteness properties of DP and proposes a phasal treatment based on syntactic and interpretive constraints.

Latinophonie altimédiévale en italie méridionale Étude des démonstratifs dans les chartes. Le cas de IPSE

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 399-411
Author(s):  
Piotr Płocharz
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Definite Article ◽  
12Th Century

SummaryThis article proposes a quantitative study of the Latin demonstratives as found in the private and original charters of written in Italy between the 8th and 10th century. It also contains a brief qualitative study of the demonstrative IPSE. Our analysis shows that the evolution of the demonstratives in the charters corresponds to their evolution in the spoken language. These analyses also appear to foreshadow the 11th and 12th century Renaissance which occurred in southern Italy and which is perhaps comparable to the Carolingian Renaissance in Gaul. The qualitative analysis of IPSE demonstrates that the grammaticalization of this demonstrative had not acquired the critical point after which it could be treated as a definite article. Aebischer’s hypothesis that IPSE and ILLE functioned as two variants acting in synonymy should therefore be rejected

This here town: evidence for the development of the English determiner system from a vernacular demonstrative construction in York English

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURA RUPP ◽  
SALI A. TAGLIAMONTE
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Language Variation ◽  
Definite Article ◽  
Language Variation And Change ◽  
Complex Demonstratives ◽  
Range Of Functions ◽  
Discourse Pragmatics ◽  
And Function

The English variety spoken in York provides a unique opportunity to study the evolution of the English determiner system as proposed in the Definiteness Cycle (Lyons 1999). York English has three vernacular determiners that appear to represent different stages in the cycle: the zero article, reduced determiners and complex demonstratives of the type this here NP (Rupp 2007; Tagliamonte & Roeder 2009). Here, we probe the emergence and function of demonstratives in the cycle from the joint perspective of language variation and change, historical linguistics and discourse-pragmatics. We will argue that initially, the demonstrative reduced in meaning (Millar 2000) and also in form, resulting in Demonstrative Reduction (DR) (previously known as Definite Article Reduction (DAR)). This caused it to become reinforced. Data from the York English Corpus (Tagliamonte 1996–8) and historical corpora suggest that the use of complex demonstratives was subsequently extended from conveying ‘regular’ deictic meanings to a new meaning of ‘psychological deixis’ (Johannessen 2006). We conclude that survival of transitory stages in the cycle by several historical demonstrative forms, each in a range of functions, has given rise to a particular sense of ‘layering’ (Hopper 1991). Our analysis corroborates the idea that grammaticalization trajectories can be influenced by discourse-pragmatic factors (Epstein 1995; Traugott's 1995subjectification).

scholarly journals Theodosius “the Greek”, Kliment Smoliatich, and the Unnamed Patriarch

Slovene ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-46
Author(s):  
Dmitri G. Polonski
Keyword(s):  
Final Part ◽  
Exact Date ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Ecumenical Council ◽  
Church Service

The article addresses the issue of dating a Church Slavonic translation from Greek of Pope Leo the Great’s Tome to Archbishop Flavian of Constantinople (449), confirmed by the Fourth Ecumenical Council as an essential document of dogma (451). So far the translation has been dated as widely as the 12th century. The existing interpretations were mainly concerned with the biography of the translator, a monk Theodosius, who lived in the Kievan Rus' in the 12th century and is thought to have been an abbot of the Kievan Caves monastery (A. Shakhmatov’s version) or a cleric under the metropolitan (E. Golubinski’s version). Dwelling on the second of these suggestions, and adding his own hypothesis that Theodosius was educated in Byzantium, at the Orphanotropheion of St. Paul, the author of the article goes on to elucidate an obscure passage in Theodosius’s introduction to the Slavic translation of the Tome with a mention of an unnamed patriarch and to further hypothesize about the date of the translation: supposedly the translation activities took place at the time when Kliment Smoliatich was the nominal head of the Kievan metropoly and thus can be dated between September 1149 and April 1151. The final part of the article addresses the issue from a different perspective, discussing Theodosius’s introduction in the context of Old Slavonic hymnography. It interprets the phrase about the unnamed ʽPatriarch’ in the view of the Slavonic text of a church service devoted to Pope Leo and held in monasteries, thus producing a more exact date for the translation, February 18, 1151.

Rib vaults in 12th-century religious architecture in the North-West of Italy

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 345-355
Author(s):  
Silvia Beltramo
Keyword(s):  
North West ◽  
Religious Architecture ◽  
The North ◽  
12Th Century

scholarly journals ATLANTIS IN SPAIN V

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
S.P Papamarinopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
North West ◽  
Recent Interest ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Historical Text ◽  
Last Ice Age ◽  
New Evidence

Following strictly Plato’s information we reach Iberia and there we discovered the basic geomorphological characteristics of a horseshow shape flat and elongated basin which is surrounded by mountains. The basin reaches the Atlantic Ocean. This valley is Andalusia and it was missed by Herodotus and Hecateus, who lived a century earlier than Plato, and constructed North West Europe’s map. The Iberian civilization is reflected in the Greek myths prior to Plato too. Atlantis’ catastrophe in the shape of the concentric scheme’s, being in Iberia’s coast, was realized by earthquakes and a tsunami. The discovery of the very first Mycenaean vase’s fragment, in Guadalquivir’s estuary by Spanish archaeologists in 1990, offered the first archaeological evidence that the prehistoric Greeks had visited Atlantis after all before the 12th century B.C. The recent interest of the Spanish Archaeological Survey in Andalusia initiated because it has been proved geologically that the region had not been submerged since the last ice age. New evidence suggests that the waters may have receded in time for the Iberians in the period Tartesssos to build an urban centre, which was later destroyed by earthquakes and a tsunami as Plato describes in Timaeos and Critias for this region. Although platonic Atlantis could not be considered, as Thucydides would prefer, a historical text but it cannot be considered as a single paramyth either since some parts of his text have been proved already. It can be considered as a genuine myth containing a true prehistoric kernel covered firstly by a layer of inventions produced by transmitting people, the story, from generation to generation between the actual occurrence of the event within the 12th century B.C. and Solon’s 6th century B.C. who recorded it and then of the 4th century B.C. when Plato wrote down. Atlantis is also covered by a platonic paramythical layer full of mathematics and musicological information which is recognized and can be removed liberating the genuine myth’s kernel from the platonic intervention.

Circassians between Russians and Turks

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 69-91
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Valentinovich Pilipchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This article is devoted to the relationship of the Circassians with the Turkic peoples. The Caucasian-speaking ancestors of the Adyge, Circassians and Kabardians were known to contemporaries under several ethnonyms. Papags and Kasogians were mixed Turkic-Caucasian tribes and served in the Khazar Kaganate. Zikhians occupied the Northern-East Black Sea littotal lands and were ruled by Georgian (Abkhazian) kings and Zikhian archbishops of the Matarcha. The Pechenegs were allies of the Zikhians, and the Oguzes were their opponents. It can be argued about a certain period of dominance of the Zikhians on the Taman Peninsula in the 13th century, but in the 12th century the local Zikhians were supposed to recognize the power of the Byzantine Empire. The relations of the Zikhians with the Qipchaqs were friendly. The infiltration of Turkic elements into the ethnogenesis of the North-West Caucasus tribes contributed to the emergence of the Circassian ethnos. In the Golden Horde the Circassians actively maintained contacts with both the Genoese and the Tatars. Circassians living on the plane were integrated into the administrative system of Ulus Jochi (Golden Horde). Circassians also fought against the Tatars of the Golden Horde and the Great Horde. The first Circassian principalities sources are recorded in the XV century. These were Khetuk, Kremuk, Kopa, Tatarkosia, Kabarda. The first three principalities worked closely with the Genoese and became victims of Turkish aggression in the 70-80-ies of XV century In the XVI century the principalities of Zhaney, Temirgoy, Besleeney, Khatukai took shape. Natukhai, Abadzekhs, Shapsugs were circled Abazins and became part of the Circassian ethnosphere only in the 18th century. Zhaney, Temirgoy, Besleney, Khatukai in the XVI century suffered from the invasions of the Crimean Tatars, therefore, in the middle of the XVI century hoped for an alliance with the Russians and sent embassies to Moscow. The war against the Crimean Tatars was fought mainly by the forces of Kabardians and the Ukrainian condottier D.Vyshnevetsky. With the departure of the D.Vyshnevetsky to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Ivan IV virtually ceased to support the Western Circassians, which led to their reversal towards the Crimean Khanate. They took part in the Ottoman-Safavid war of 1578-1590 on the side of the Turks. In the XVII century the Besleney and Temirgoy rebelled against the Crimean Tatars, hoping for an alliance with the Russians, but to no avail. Success in the fight against the Crimean Tatars became possible thanks to several victories of the Kabardians over the troops of Gherays in the XVIII century. Temirgoy, Abadzekhs, Bjedugs, Shapsugs, Besleney, Makhosh, Ubykhs rebelled against Crimean Tatars in this century. With the annexation by the Russians of the Crimean Khanate, the Western Circassians underestimated the anti-Russian position. Key words: Zikhians, Kasogians, Papags, Circassians, Khazar Khaganate, Golden Horde, Crimean Khanate, Ottoman Empire, Russians, Crimean Tatars

scholarly journals FROM THE HISTORY OF HORSEBREEDING AT ABAZINS OF THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (74) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
B. Dzhemakulova
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
Final Part ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Horse Breeding ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times

The aquatic part of this article provides a brief historical information about the Abaza people (Abaza, Abkhaz, Ubykh), who have inhabited the territory of the North-West and South Caucasus since ancient times. The main part of the article examines the history of horse breeding of the Abaza people, starting from ancient times. In the final part, the modern stage of development of the Abaza horse breeding is described

Electron Microscopic Examination of a Transplantable Rat Mammary Carcinoma

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 20-21
Author(s):  
S. Shirahama ◽  
G. C. Engle ◽  
R. M. Dutcher
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Undifferentiated Carcinoma ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
North West ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Tissue Specimens

A transplantable carcinoma was established in North West Sprague Dawley (NWSD) rats by use of X-irradiation by Engle and Spencer. The tumor was passaged through 63 generations over a period of 32 months. The original tumor, an adenocarcinoma, changed into an undifferentiated carcinoma following the 19th transplant. The tumor grew well in NWSD rats of either sex at various ages. It was invariably fatal, causing death of the host within 15 to 35 days following transplantation.Tumor, thymus, spleen, and plasma from 7 rats receiving transplants of tumor at 3 to 9 weeks of age were examined with an electron microscope at intervals of 8, 15, 22 and 30 days after transplantation. Four normal control rats of the same age were also examined. The tissues were fixed in glutaraldehyde, postfixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in Epon. The plasma was separated from heparanized blood and processed as previously described for the tissue specimens. Sections were stained with uranyl acetate followed by lead citrate and examined with an RCA EMU-3G electron microscope.

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